1、Designation: F68 10Standard Specification forOxygen-Free Copper in Wrought Forms for ElectronDevices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F68; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification establishes the requirements forwrought and fabricated shapes made from Copper UNS2No.C10100, conforming to the
3、 chemical requirements of Specifi-cation B170, Grade 1, and suitable for use in electron devices.1.2 The requirements of this specification are in addition tothose prescribed in the following product specifications appro-priate to the material being ordered: B1, B2, B3, B75, B75M,B152/B152M, B170, B
4、187/B187M, B188, B272, and B372.Incase of conflict, however, this specification shall take prece-dence.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not co
5、nsidered standard.1.3.1 Exceptiongrain sizes are in metric units and arestandard.1.4 The following safety hazard caveat applies to sections17.4, 17.5 and 18.7 of this specification: This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It is the respons
6、ibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3B1 Specification for Hard-Drawn Copper WireB2 Specification for Medium-Hard-Drawn Copper WireB3 Spe
7、cification for Soft or Annealed Copper WireB75 Specification for Seamless Copper TubeB75M Specification for Seamless Copper Tube (Metric)B152/B152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate,and Rolled BarB170 Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic CopperRefinery ShapesB187/B187M Specification
8、 for Copper, Bus Bar, Rod, andShapes and General Purpose Rod, Bar, and ShapesB188 Specification for Seamless Copper Bus Pipe and TubeB193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsB272 Specification for Copper Flat Products with Finished(Rolled or Drawn) Edges (Flat Wire and Strip)
9、B372 Specification for Seamless Copper and Copper-AlloyRectangular Waveguide TubeB577 Test Methods for Detection of Cuprous Oxide (Hy-drogen Embrittlement Susceptibility) in CopperB846 Terminology for Copper and Copper AlloysE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conforma
10、nce with SpecificationsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in theUnified Numbering System (UNS)2.2 ASTM Adjunct:Comparison Chart43. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms related to this product, refer toTerminology B846.3.2 Definition o
11、f Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 extrusion pipe, na lamination resulting from theflow of the oxide surface of a billet into the article beingextruded and usually confined to the trailing-end portion of theextruded product.1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B05 on C
12、opperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.02 on Rod,Bar, Wire, Shapes and Forgings.Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F68 051. DOI:10.1520/F0068-10.2The UNS System for cop
13、per and copper alloys (see Practice E527) is a simpleexpansion of the former standard designation system accomplished by the additionof a prefix “C” and a suffix “00”. The suffix can be used to accommodatecomposition variations of the base alloy.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website
14、, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJF0068. Original adjunct produced in 1966 .1*A
15、Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.2 rms, nroot-mean-square, a statistical measure ofsurface roughness usually determined by means of a profilo-meter.4. O
16、rdering Information4.1 Orders for the product shall include the followinginformation:4.1.1 The designation and year of issue of both Specifica-tion F68 and the basic product specification involved,4.1.2 Shape of product,4.1.3 Size,4.1.4 Total estimated weight or number of pieces, or both,for each si
17、ze and shape,4.1.5 The Specification F68 Class of material,4.1.6 Intended application (for example, wave guide),4.1.7 Temper,4.1.8 Heat identification or traceability details,4.1.9 Certification,4.2 The following options are available:4.2.1 Mill test report,4.2.2 Special packaging,4.2.3 Special mark
18、ing,4.2.4 If special temper requirements for sheet and strip forgasket applications are required.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 MaterialThe material shall be oxygen-free electroniccopper which conforms to the requirements of SpecificationB170, Grade 1.5.2 ManufactureThe manufacturing process shall
19、con-form to the requirements of this specification and to the basicproduct specification to which the product was ordered.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The cast refinery shape shall conform to the require-ments specified in Specification B170, Grade 1, Table 1.6.1.1 Copper shall be taken as the differe
20、nce between thesum of results for Grade 1 specified elements in Table 1 and100 %.6.2 These composition limits do not preclude the possiblepresence of other unnamed elements. Limits may be estab-lished and analysis required for elements not specified in Table1ofB170 by agreement between the manufactu
21、rer and thepurchaser.7. Temper7.1 The temper of the wrought or fabricated product sup-plied shall conform to the requirements of the basic productspecification to which it was ordered.8. Physical Properties8.1 Electrical ResistivityThe maximum mass resistivityshall be 0.15176 ohms g/m2(conductivity
22、101.0 % minimum,International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) at 20C whentested in the annealed condition.8.2 ScalingWhen agreed upon between customer andsupplier, the test specimens of oxygen-free copper shall showsubstantial surface oxide adherence when subjected to test asdescribed in 18.7.NOTE 1
23、The purpose of this test is to distinguish between oxygen-freecopper and deoxidized copper. Deoxidized copper will not retain thesurface oxide in this test.9. Mechanical Properties9.1 All products shall conform to the mechanical propertyrequirements of the basic product specification to which theite
24、m was ordered, with the following exception:9.1.1 Sheet and strip with a thickness of 0.125 in. or less andintended for gaskets or for deep drawing shall conform to therequirements prescribed in Table 1, and when so specified 4.2.4of Ordering Information.10. Hydrogen Embrittlement (Reverse Bend Test
25、Method)10.1 Specimens shall withstand a minimum of ten reversebends without breaking when prepared in accordance withB577 Test Method D. Evidence of blisters, upon visualexamination, shall be cause for rejection.NOTE 2Fractured areas of the bent samples should show somereduction in area and have a d
26、istorted, smeared surface. The ideal breakwill have the appearance of a cup and cone tensile failure.11. General Examination11.1 When examined the samples shall have:11.1.1 A relatively uniform surface free of irregular roughspots sometimes termed open grains,11.1.2 Edges free of seams, laps and cra
27、cks,11.1.3 Cross sections free of breaks, inclusions or extrusionpipe.12. Special Examinations12.1 Special Macro Examination:12.1.1 The samples shall show no subsurface defects inexcess of the following limits:12.1.1.1 Tubular Products:(1) Tubes for Exhaust (Pinch-off) Purposes:(a) For wall thicknes
28、s over 0.1 in. (2.5 mm), no defectson the external surface deeper than 0.005 in. (0.13 mm).(b) For wall thicknesses up to 0.1 (2.5 mm) inclusive, nodefects on the external surface deeper than 5 % of the wallthickness.(c) No significant defects on the inside surface whenexamined with fiber optics or
29、a boroscope.(2) WaveguidesNo defects on the external surface deeperthan 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) or 5 % of the wall thickness,whichever is smaller. No significant defects on the insidesurface when examined with fiber optics or a boroscope.(3) Tube for Other ApplicationsNo defects on either theinternal or
30、 external surfaces deeper than 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) or5 % of the wall thickness, whichever is the smaller.TABLE 1 Grain SizeThicknessAverage GrainSize,max, mmHardnessHRFAmaxLess than 0.040 in. (1.0 mm) 0.035 750.040 to 0.125 in. (1.0 to 3.2 mm) 0.050 75AFor information only.F6810212.1.1.2 Bar and Pla
31、te ProductsNo defects deeper than0.06 in. (1.6 mm) or 5 % of the thickness, whichever is thesmaller.12.1.1.3 Sheet, Strip and Flat Wire ProductsNo defectsdeeper than 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) or 5 % of the thickness,whichever is smaller.12.1.1.4 Rod and Wire Products:(1) Rod and Wire less than 0.19 in. (4
32、.8 mm) inDiameterNo defects deeper than 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) or 5 %of the diameter, whichever is smaller.(2) Rod and Wire 0.19 in. (4.8 mm) and Over inDiameterNo defects deeper than 0.06 in. (1.6 mm) or 5 % ofthe diameter, whichever is smaller.12.2 Special Microscopical Examination:12.2.1 Samples sha
33、ll be classified by comparison to Plate 1,which is available from ASTM International Headquarters asan adjunct (see 2.2).12.2.1.1 Product whose samples have an appearance inconforming to either Class 1 or Class 2 shall be consideredacceptable.12.2.1.2 Subsurface microporosity similar to those typica
34、lof Class 3, 4 or 5 as illustrated in Plate 1, are permissible inClass 1 and 2 material provided the microporosity does notappear below the metal surface at depths exceeding thefollowing:(1) Tubular Products:(a) Tubes for Exhaust Purposes and WaveguidesNoindications at any depth below the surface.(b
35、) Tubes for Other ApplicationsMicroporosity permis-sible to depths of 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) or 5 % of the tube wall,whichever is smaller.(2) Bar and PlateMicroporosity permissible to depths of0.06 in. (1.5 mm) or 5 % of the thickness, whichever is smaller.(3) Sheet, Strip and Flat WireMicroporosity pe
36、rmissibleto depths of 0.010 in. (0.25 mm) or 5 % of the thickness,whichever is smaller.(4) Rod and Wire Products:(a) Rod and Wire less than 0.19 in. (4.8 mm) inDiameterMicroporosity permissible to depths of 0.010 in.(0.25 mm) or 5 % of the diameter or thickness, whichever issmaller.(b) Rod and Wire
37、0.19 in. (4.8 mm) and Over inDiameterMicroporosity permissible to depths of 0.06 in.(1.5 mm) or 5 % of the diameter or thickness, whichever is thesmaller.12.2.1.3 Product whose samples have an appearance corre-sponding to Class 3, 4 or 5 and not in conformance with12.2.1.2, shall be acceptable only
38、by agreement between themanufacturer or supplier and the purchaser.13. Dimensions, Mass and Permissible Variations13.1 The dimensional tolerances for the product describedby this specification shall be as prescribed in the basic productspecification to which it was ordered.14. Workmanship, Finish an
39、d Appearance14.1 The product shall be prepared and handled in such amanner as to be substantially free from surface oxide and thepresence of foreign material such as metal chips, dirt andgrease.15. Sampling15.1 The sampling practice shall be as prescribed in thebasic product specification to which i
40、t was ordered.15.1.1 The number of sample pieces to be selected, how-ever, shall be twice the number prescribed in the basic productspecification.16. Number of Tests and Retests16.1 TestsThe number of samples submitted to all testsshall be twice that required by the basic product specificationto whi
41、ch the product was ordered.16.2 Retests:16.2.1 Retests are permitted as stated in the basic productspecification to which the product was ordered for testsassociated with the basic product specification.16.2.2 Retests shall be permitted for tests and examinationsrequired by this specification.16.2.3
42、 Products which fail in retest shall be rejected.17. Specimen Preparation17.1 Chemical CompositionAnalytical sample prepara-tion shall be as directed in the basic product specification towhich the product was ordered.17.2 Electrical ResistivitySpecimen preparation shall beas directed in the basic pr
43、oduct specification to which theproduct was ordered.17.3 Grain SizeSpecimen preparation shall be as directedin the basic product specification to which the product wasordered.17.4 General and Special Macro Examination:17.4.1 Transverse sections of the samples shall be machinedto a 63 rms or smoother
44、 surface finish and degreased.17.4.1.1 In a properly ventilated fume hood, etch thesamples for 3 to 5 min by lowering the samples into a freshlyprepared etching solution and slowly agitate.17.4.1.2 Prepare the etching solution by mixing equal partsof concentrated reagent grade nitric acid (HNO3) and
45、 deionizedor distilled water. Add 5 grams of copper for each liter of the50 % acid solution and cool the solution to ambient tempera-ture prior to use. The solution shall be kept free of dirt andmaintained at 75 6 5F (24 6 3C) during use.(WarningDo not pour the water into the acid.)17.4.1.3 Remove t
46、he samples periodically from the etchingsolution and visually examine to determine whether sufficientlyetched. Should the samples tend to stain, add 25 mL ofconcentrated reagent grade hydrochloric acid (HCl) to eachliter of etching solution.17.4.1.4 After etching, rinse the samples thoroughly withde
47、ionized or distilled water and blow dry with air for exami-nation.17.5 Special Microscopical Examination:17.5.1 Cut and degrease longitudinal samples taken fromthe finished product.F6810317.5.2 Heat the samples to 1870 6 40F (1020 6 20C) andhold at temperature for 30 min in an atmosphere comprisingn
48、ot less than 10 % hydrogen. Rapidly cool to ambient tempera-ture by quenching in water without undue exposure to air orquickly cool the specimens in the same atmosphere.17.5.3 Polish and etch for examination using the etchingsolution described in Table 2.(WarningWith constant gentlestirring or swirl
49、ing of the water, slowly add the acid. Do notpour the water into the acid.)17.6 Hydrogen Embrittlement (Reverse Bend TestMethod)Sample preparation shall be in accordance with TestSpecimens Section of Test Methods B577.17.6.1 Tubular Products:17.6.1.1 For tube with an outside diameter of 0.12 in. (3mm) or less, the samples shall be flattened by pressing orrolling.17.6.1.2 For tube with an outside diameter greater than 0.12in. (3 mm) but less than 1 in. (25.4 mm) the samples shall becut longitudinally from the tube and flattened, when necessaryby eit
