1、Designation: E433 71 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Reference Photographs forLiquid Penetrant Inspection1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E433; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These reference photographs are supplied as a means ofestablishing types and characteristics of surface discontinuitiesdetectable b
3、y the penetrant examination methods. They may beused as a reference for acceptance standards, specifications anddrawings.1.2 Actual dimensions including maximum length of indi-cations and number of indications per unit area must bespecified by the users of this document. No attempt has beenmade to e
4、stablish limits of acceptability or the metallurgicalcause of a discontinuity.NOTE 1Examples of these reference photographs are shown in Figs.1-8.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on
5、 Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustry2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Refe
6、rence Photographs for Penetrant Inspection33. Classifications3.1 TypesFor the purposes of this standard there are twotypes of indications, which are defined as follows:3.1.1 Type I IndicationsThose in which neither of themeasurable dimensions is greater than three times the other.3.1.2 Type II Indic
7、ationsThose in which one of the mea-surable dimensions is at least three times greater than the other.3.2 ClassesFor purposes of this standard there are fourclasses of indications which are defined as follows:A. SingleB. Multiple unalignedC. Multiple alignedD. Intersection of surfaces (threads, corn
8、ers, fillets, etc.)4. Identification4.1 The types of discontinuity indications covered by thesereference photographs are listed and described in Table 1. Eachtype of discontinuity indication is designated by a Romannumeral. The class of indication is designated by the letters Athrough D. Individual
9、photographs within type and class areidentified by numbers. Each reference photograph is, therefore,identified with the proper Roman numeral, letter, and number.5. Method of Preparation5.1 The reference photographs were reproduced from mas-ter photographs which are the property of ASTM. The photo-gr
10、aphs retain the original photographic contrast.6. Basis for Use of Reference Photographs6.1 These reference photographs are intended for use whenspecified in the inquiry, contract, order material specification,or applicable code, and when the severity is mutually agreedupon between the manufacturer
11、and the purchaser. It isrecognized that it is impossible to rigidly interpret indicationsfrom a set of photographic references. Consequently, there is aneed for close cooperation between manufacturer and pur-chaser.6.2 Zones of inspection and severity levels in each zoneshall be shown on applicable
12、drawings or otherwise specified.Unless otherwise specified all accessible surfaces shall beexamined.6.3 These reference photographs are intended to depictpenetrant indications of surface discontinuities. They are notintended to indicate the depth of such discontinuities.6.4 Applicable penetrant exam
13、ination methods and tech-niques are described in the latest issue of Test Method E165.1These reference photographs are under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeE07 on Nondestructive Testing and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE07.03 on Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods.Curre
14、nt edition approved June 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E433 71 (2013). DOI:10.1520/E0433-71R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Bo
15、ok of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM Headquarters. Order ADJE0433.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was d
16、eveloped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.17. Keywords7.1
17、discontinuities; liquid penetrant indications; liquid pen-etrant inspection; penetrant inspection; penetrant examination;photographs; reference photographsTABLE 1 Reference Photographs, Indication TypesType Class Description Fig. No.I A single I-A1, 2B multiple unaligned I-B1, 2, 3, 4C multiple alig
18、ned I-C1, 2D intersection of surfaces (threads, corners,fillets, etc.)I-D1II A single II-A1, 2, 3, 4B multiple unaligned II-B1, 2, 3C multiple aligned II-C1, 2, 3, 4D intersection of surfaces (threads, corners, II-D1, 2, 3, 4, 5fillets, etc.)FIG. 1 Example of Type I, Class A, IndicationFIG. 2 Exampl
19、e of Type I, Class B, IndicationE433 71 (2018)2FIG. 3 Example of Type I, Class C, IndicationFIG. 4 Example of Type I, Class D, IndicationE433 71 (2018)3FIG. 5 Example of Type II, Class A, IndicationFIG. 6 Example of Type II, Class B, IndicationE433 71 (2018)4ASTM International takes no position resp
20、ecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This s
21、tandard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Interna
22、tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown bel
23、ow.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555
24、(fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 7 Example of Type II, Class C, IndicationFIG. 8 Example of Type II, Class D, IndicationE433 71 (2018)5
