1、Designation: E 923 97 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Specification forGlass Westergen Tube, Reusable1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification describes requirements for a tube thatmeasures the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). ESR is thesuspension stab
3、ility of red cells in diluted, anti-coagulatedhuman blood.1.1.1 The use of the term “rate” is, strictly speaking, notcorrect. The test measures the amount of settling of red cellsafter a specified time.1.2 The tubes are used together with a special rack to ensurethey remain in a vertical position du
4、ring the test.1.3 This specification includes many dimensional require-ments that are, for the most part, in agreement with the BritishStandards Institution, German Standards Institute, Interna-tional Committee for Standardization in Haematology, and theNational Committee for Clinical Laboratory Sta
5、ndards publi-cations on Westergren tubes. The clinical procedure using thetube described in this specification is known as the “Wester-gren Method.”1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this st
6、andard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 438 Specification for Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus2E 920 Specification for Commercially Packaged LaboratoryApparatus2E 9
7、21 Specification for Export Packaged Laboratory Appa-ratus2E 1133 Practice for Performance Testing of Packaged Labo-ratory Apparatus for United States Government Procure-ments2E 1157 Specification for Sampling and Testing of ReusableLaboratory Glassware23. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specifi
8、c to This Standard:3.1.1 reusablecapable of being used again.3.1.2 tubethe word “tube” rather than “pipet” is used todescribe this instrument. The word “pipet” should be reservedfor volume-measuring instruments thus designated. A tubeused for measurements of blood sedimentation rate is not avolume m
9、easuring instrument. In this connection, misunder-standing can occur when a Westergren “tube” is described as a“pipet.”3.1.3 WestergrenThe surname of the individual respon-sible for the design of the Westergren tube and the method ofuse.4. Classification4.1 This specification covers a tube that is i
10、ntended to beused until it is no longer considered functional for the purposeintended. The specification is specifically written for a reusableitem and is not to be confused with a disposable tube that isdescribed in other published standards.5. Materials5.1 The tubes made to this specification shal
11、l be fabricatedfrom borosilicate glass, Type I, Class B; or soda lime glass,Type II, in accordance with Specification E 438.6. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations6.1 DesignThe Westergren tube shall be made of thick-walled glass tubing. It shall be of one-piece construction,straight and with
12、 uniform bore. The ends of the tube shall beground flat, perpendicular to the tube axis and beveled asspecified in Fig. 1.6.2 DimensionsThe tube shall be made of tubing with anoutside diameter (OD) of 6.5 6 0.5 mm with an insidediameter (ID) of 2.55 mm 6 0.15 mm. The uniformity of thebore shall be 6
13、 0.1 mm throughout the tube. The tube shall be3006 1 mm long and ground and beveled at each end. The tubeshall have an inscribed graduated scale extending over thelower 200 6 0.35 mm of the tube. The tube should containapproximately 1 mL of blood when filled and adjusted to the1This specification is
14、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E41 onLaboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 onGlass Apparatus.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1997. Published February 1998. Originallypublished as E 923 83. Last previous edition E 923 93.2Annual Book of ASTM Standar
15、ds, Vol. 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.200 mm line. The word “Westergren” must be inscribed on thetop portion of the tube together with the makers or vendorsname or mark.6.3 Graduation LinesThe graduation line
16、s shall be ofuniform thickness with a maximum thickness of 0.25 mm foretched and filled lines and 0.4 mm for amber stain lines that arefired into the glass tube. They shall lie in planes at right anglesto the axis of the tube and with a maximum tolerance betweentwo adjacent markings of 0.2 mm. Maxim
17、um tolerance for thetotal 200 mm scale shall not exceed 0.35 mm.6.4 Graduation Line NumberingThe tube shall be gradu-ated in millimetres with a scale of 200 mm from the tip of thetube. The scale shall be numbered every ten or twentygraduation lines starting with a numerical zero (0) and down-ward to
18、 a maximum value of 190 mm. The numerical markingsshall appear at the right side of the graduated scale when heldvertically with the scale facing the viewer.6.5 Length of Graduation LinesThe top graduation lineand every other tenth- or twentieth-numbered line shall en-circle, or near encircle the tu
19、be or be a minimum of 6 mm long.The medium (every fifth) line shall be a minimum of 4 mmlong. The short (intermediate) lines shall be a minimum of 2.5mm long.6.6 Marking PermanencyInscriptions, graduation lines,and numerals shall be either etched and filled with a permanentpigment, or an amber stain
20、 fired into the glass tube. The colordepth of the markings on the tube shall be adequate to permitroutine functional use of the tube without creating a difficultyin setting a meniscus or reading the separation of blood cellsfrom plasma. The permanency of the markings shall meet therequirements of th
21、e test described in 7.1.6.7 Grinding BevelThe grinding bevel at the Westergrentube tip has an allowance of 2 to 8 mm in length. To minimizethe incidence of chipping, it is recommended the minimumwall thickness at the orifice of 0.5 mm be applicable for agrinding bevel length of 2 to 5 mm and a minim
22、um of 0.7 mmwall thickness at the orifice for a grinding bevel of 5 to 8 mm.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 WorkmanshipThe tube shall be as free as possiblefrom visible defects that would detract from its appearance orimpair its serviceability when viewed by the human eye undernormal room
23、lighting. The tube shall be free of ring strain andif present, any longitudinal strain shall be faint and highlydiffused.8. Test Method8.1 Pigmentation and Amber Stain TestFreshly prepare achromic acid cleaning solution by combining 200 g of sodiumdichromate (Na2Cr2O72H2O), 1000 mL of distilled wate
24、r,and 1500 mL of sulfuric acid (H2SO4, ACS Reagent 95 to98 %). Immerse the tube in the chromic acid solution. Let standat room temperature (20 to 25 C) for 15 min. Remove the tubefrom the solution and thoroughly rinse in distilled water. Drythe tube by rubbing vigorously, 5 to 10 strokes, with alabo
25、ratory cloth or tissue. The appearance of the markingsshould be the same as before the test, when judged by the eyeunder normal room lighting.8.2 For additional sampling and testing data, see Specifica-tion E 1157.9. Packaging9.1 For packaging, select from either Specification E 920,E 921, or Practi
26、ce E 1133.10. Keywords10.1 blood; glass; reusable; sedimentation rate; westergrenFIG. 1 Westergren TubeE 923 97 (2003)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressl
27、y advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, e
28、ither reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may atte
29、nd. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 923 97 (2003)3
