1、Designation: E966 10Standard Guide forField Measurements of Airborne Sound Attenuation ofBuilding Facades and Facade Elements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide provides methods to measure the sound isolation of a room from outdoor sound, and toevaluate t
3、he sound transmission or apparent sound transmission through a particular facade of theroom or an element of that faade such as a window or door. Measurements from outdoors to indoorsdiffer from measurements between two rooms. The outdoor sound field is not diffuse and thetransmission of that sound
4、through the structure is a function of the outdoor sound angle of incidence.The outdoor-indoor transmission loss values obtained with this guide are not expected to be the sameas that obtained in laboratory or other tests between two rooms using diffuse incident sound. At thistime, there are insuffi
5、cient data available to specify a single, standard measurement procedure suitablefor all field situations. For this reason, this guide provides alternative test procedures for themeasurements of facade field level reduction and transmission loss.This guide is part of a set of standards for evaluatin
6、g the sound isolation of rooms and the soundinsulating properties of building elements. Others in this set cover the airborne sound transmission lossof an isolated partition element in a controlled laboratory environment (Test Method E90), thelaboratory measurement of impact sound transmission throu
7、gh floors (Test Method E492), themeasurement of airborne sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E336), the measurement ofimpact sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E1007), and the measurement of soundtransmission through a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E1414).1. Scope1.
8、1 This guide may be used to determine the outdoor-indoornoise reduction (OINR), which is the difference in soundpressure level between the free-field level outdoors in theabsence of the structure and the resulting sound pressure levelin a room. Either a loudspeaker or existing traffic noise oraircra
9、ft noise can be used as the source. The outdoor soundfield geometry must be described and calculations must ac-count for the way the outdoor level is measured. These resultsare used with Classification E1332 to calculate the singlenumber rating outdoor-indoor noise isolation class, OINIC.Both OINR a
10、nd OINIC can vary with outdoor sound incidenceangle.1.2 Under controlled circumstances where a single faade isexposed to the outdoor sound, or a faade element such as adoor or window has much lower transmission loss than the restof the faade, an outdoor-indoor transmission loss, OITL(u), orapparent
11、outdoor-indoor transmission loss, AOITL(u), may bemeasured using a loudspeaker source. These results are afunction of the angle of incidence of the sound field. Bymeasuring with sound incident at many angles, an approxima-tion to the diffuse field transmission loss as measured betweentwo rooms can b
12、e obtained. The results may be used to predictinterior sound levels in installations similar to that tested whenexposed to an outdoor sound field similar to that used duringthe measurement. The single number ratings of apparentoutdoor-indoor transmission class,AOITC(u), usingAOITL(u)and field outdoo
13、r-indoor transmission class, FOITC(u), usingOITL(u) may be calculated using Classification E1332. Theseratings also may be calculated with the data obtained fromreceiving room sound pressure measurements performed atseveral incidence angles as discussed in 8.6.1.3 To cope with the variety of outdoor
14、 incident sound fieldgeometries that are encountered in the field, six testing tech-niques are presented. These techniques and their generalapplicability are summarized in Table 1 and Figs. 1-6. The1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building andEnvironmentalAcoustics and
15、is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E33.03 onSound Transmission.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E966 04. DOI:10.1520/E0966-10.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
16、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.room, faade, or faade element declared to be under test isreferred to as the specimen.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to
17、 address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhi
18、ch provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C634 Terminology Relating to Building and EnvironmentalAcousticsE90 Test Method for Laboratory Measureme
19、nt of AirborneSound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Ele-mentsE336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne SoundAttenuation between Rooms in BuildingsE492 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of ImpactSound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling AssembliesUsing the Tapping MachineE1007 Tes
20、t Method for Field Measurement of TappingMachine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support StructuresE1332 Classification for Rating Outdoor-Indoor Sound At-tenuationE1414 Test Method for Airborne Sound Attenuation Be-tween Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling Plenu
21、mE2235 Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates forUse in Sound Insulation Test Methods2.2 ANSI Standards:3S1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-OctaveAnalog and Digital Filter SetsS1.40 Specifications and Verification Procedures for SoundCalibratorsS1.43 Specifications for Integrat
22、ing -Averaging SoundLevel Meters2.3 IEC Standards:3IEC 61672 Electroacoustics - Sound Level MetersIEC 60942 Electroacoustics - Sound Calibrators3. Terminology3.1 Definitionsfor acoustical terms used in this guide, seeTerminology C634.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 apparent
23、outdoor-indoor transmission class, apparentAOITL(u), nof a building faade or faade element at aspecified angle u or range of angles, a single-number ratingcalculated in accordance with Classification E1332 usingmeasured values of apparent outdoor-indoor transmission loss.3.2.2 apparent outdoor-indoo
24、r transmission loss, AOITL(u),(dB), , nof a building facade or facade element in a specifiedfrequency band, for a source at a specified angle u or range ofangles as measured from the normal to the center of thespecimen surface, the value of outdoor-indoor transmissionloss obtained on a test facade e
25、lement as installed, withoutflanking tests to identify or eliminate extraneous transmissionpaths.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThis definition attributes all the powertransmitted into the receiving room, by direct and flankingpaths, to the area of the test specimen. If flanking transmissionis significant, the A
26、OITL will be less than the actual OITL forthe specimen.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Avail
27、able from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.TABLE 1 Application Guide to Measurement of Outdoor-Indoor Level Reduction ONIROutdoor Signal SourceLoudspeaker Required forOITL or AOTLOutdoor Microphone PositionMeasurementSecti
28、on, Figure,Calculation EquationApplications RemarksCalibrated loudspeaker Incident sound pressure inferred from separatecalibration of source8.3.1, Fig. 1; Eq 3 Use when outdoor measurement at or nearspecimen is not possible.Loudspeaker Several locations averaged about 1.2 m to 2.4 mfromthe facade e
29、lement8.3.2, Fig. 2; Eq 4 Use when calibrated source or flushmeasurement is not possible.Loudspeaker Several locations less than 17 mm from specimen 8.3.3, Fig. 3; Eq 5 Use when the loudspeaker cannot becalibrated.Traffic, aircraft, or similar line source Simultaneous measurement remote from thespec
30、imen9.3.1, Fig. 4; Eq 7 Use when it is possible to measure sourcein free field at same distance as specimen.Traffic, aircraft, or similar line source Simultaneous measurement 2 m from the specimensurface9.3.2, Fig. 5; Eq 9 Use when remote measurement or flushmeasurement is not possible.Traffic, airc
31、raft, or similar line source Simultaneous measurement with entire microphonediaphragm within 17mm of the specimen9.3.3, Fig. 6; Eq 10 Use when remote measurement is notpossible.E966 102FIG. 1 GeometryCalibrated Source MethodFIG. 2 GeometryNearby Average MethodE966 1033.2.3 field outdoor-indoor trans
32、mission class, FOITC(u),nof a building faade or faade element at a specified angleu or range of angles, the single number rating obtained byClassification E1332 with OITL values.3.2.4 outdoor-indoor noise isolation class, OINIC, nofan enclosed space, a single-number rating calculated in accor-dance
33、with Classification E1332 using values of outdoor-indoor noise reduction.3.2.4.1 DiscussionOINIC is an A-weighted level differ-ence based on a specific spectrum defined in ClassificationE1332.3.2.5 outdoor-indoor noise reduction, OINR(u), n whichmay or may not be a function of angle u or a range of
34、angles,in a specified frequency band the difference between thespace-time average sound pressure level in a room of abuilding and the time-averaged exterior sound pressure levelwhich would be present at the facade of the room were thebuilding and its facade not present.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe outdoor-
35、indoor noise reductionhas been known previously in this guide as the outdoor-indoorlevel reduction, OILR. For measured data, the OINR (u) maybe used to indicate results at a specific angle (u) as discussedin 8.5. ONIR may be used to indicate the weighted average ofmeasurements over a range of angles
36、 as discussed in 8.6 or ameasurement result due to exposure to a line source asdiscussed in Section 9.3.2.6 outdoor-indoor transmission loss, OITL(u), (dB),nof a building facade or facade element in a specifiedfrequency band, for a source at a specified angle u or range ofangles as measured from the
37、 normal to the center of theFIG. 3 GeometryFlush MethodFIG. 4 GeometryEquivalent Distance MethodE966 104specimen surface, ten times the common logarithm of the ratioof airborne sound power incident on the specimen to the soundpower transmitted through it and radiated to the room interior.3.2.6.1 Dis
38、cussionThe unqualified term OITL(u) signifiesthat flanking tests have been performed according toAnnexA1to verify that there was no significant flanking or leakagetransmission. In the absence of such tests, the test result may betermed the AOITL(u) (see 3.2.2).3.2.7 sound exposure level*SELin decibe
39、ls where the “*”denotes the frequency weighting such as CSEL forC-weighting (understood to be A if absent).3.2.8 one-third octave-band sound exposurelevel one-third octave-band SEL(f), (dB), nten times the logarithm tothe base ten of the ratio of a given time integral of squaredinstantaneous sound p
40、ressure in a specific one-third octave-band of center frequency f, over a stated time interval or event,FIG. 5 Geometry2 m (79 in.) Position MethodFIG. 6 Geometry and FormulasLine Source Flush MethodE966 105to the product of the squared reference sound pressure of 20micropascals and reference durati
41、on of one second.3.2.9 traffc noisenoise emitted by moving transportationvehicles, such as cars, trucks, locomotives, or aircraft movingalong an extended line path.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide provides procedures to measure the reductionin sound level from the outdoors to an enclosed room, theo
42、utdoor-indoor level reduction, OINR, with a variety ofsources and methods. With further measurements under re-stricted conditions using a loudspeaker source, a basic propertyof a facade or facade element, the outdoor-indoor transmissionloss, OITL(u), may be determined. This requires that theconditio
43、ns of Annex A1 be met to demonstrate that flanking ofsound around the test specimen is not significant. If it is notpossible to meet the conditions of Annex A1, the AOITL(u)isreported. These results measured with a loudspeaker will varywith the angle of the source u as measured from the normal tothe
44、 surface as shown on Fig. 7. The OINR(u), the AOITL(u),and the OITL(u) may be reported for a variety of angles. Theresult using traffic noise, OINR(line,F), can depend on theincidence angle F, from the normal to the point at closestapproach. See Fig. 8),4.2 Sources of Test Signal:4.2.1 Loudspeaker S
45、ourceThe outdoor sound pressurelevel produced by a loudspeaker source is either inferred froma previous calibration of the level emitted by that loudspeakerat a specific distance (Fig. 1 and 8.3.1), or it is measured nearthe faade (Fig. 2 and 8.3.2), or it is measured flush to thefacade (Fig. 3 and
46、8.3.3). When the outdoor sound level ismeasured near the facade, measurements shall be averagedover several locations near the test specimen to minimizeeffects of incident and reflected sound wave interference. Thetest sound incidence angle, u , is determined and reported.4.2.2 Traffc SourceIn the t
47、raffic noise method used forOINR only, movement of noise sources along a line such as ahighway or flight path combined with time averaging willminimize sound wave interference effects. See Figs. 4-6.Toaccount for source fluctuations using the traffic noise method,the incident sound level is measured
48、 synchronously with theindoor sound level.4.3 To avoid extraneous noise and propagation anomalies,the measurements shall be made without precipitation andwhen the wind speed is less than 5 m/s.4.4 Sound measurements made to assess the sound attenu-ation of an exterior partition should be conducted i
49、n a series ofone-third octave-band frequencies from at least 80 to 4000 Hz,preferably to 5000 Hz. Such data can be used to compute theexpected performance of the specimen exposed to a specificspectrum of sound, such as is done using Classification E1332.5. Significance and Use5.1 The best uses of this guide are to measure the OINR andthe AOITL(u) or OITL(u) at specific angles of incidence. Bymeasuring the AOITL(u) or OITL(u) at several loudspeakerFIG. 7 Source Location (*) and u DefinitionE966 106sound incidence angles, by energy-averag
