1、Designation: F1145 05 (Reapproved 2011)An American National StandardStandard Specification forTurnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1145; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification
3、covers swaged welded, cast, or forgedturnbuckles with and without jam nuts.1.2 A turnbuckle is an internally threaded loop or sleeveintended for assembly with a threaded stud, eye, hook, or jawat each end, used for applying tension to rods, wire rope, andso forth.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound
4、units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespon
5、sibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
6、A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) onIron and Steel HardwareB633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zincon Iron and SteelD3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging2.2 AWS Standards:3AWS A5.1 Covered Carbon Steel Arc Welding ElectrodesAWS A5.2 Iron and Steel Oxyfuel Gas Weld
7、ing RodsAWS A5.5 Low Alloy Steel Covered Arc Welding Elec-trodes2.3 ANSI Standards:4ANSI B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNRThread Form)ANSI B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts2.4 Military Standards:5MIL-STD-1186 Cushioning,Anchoring, Bracing, Blocking,and Waterproofing; with Appropriate Test Method
8、sMIL-STD-2073-1 DoD Material Procedures for Develop-ment and Application of Packaging Requirements2.5 Military Specification:5MIL-P-116 Preservation, Methods ofMIL-L-19140 Lumber and Plywood, Fire-Retardant Treated2.6 Federal Specifications:4PPP-B-636 Boxes, Shipping, FiberboardPPP-F-320 Fiberboard:
9、 Corrugated and Solid Sheet Stock(Container Grade) and Cut Shapes2.7 Federal Standard:5FED-STD-123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)3. Classification3.1 Turnbuckles covered under this specification shall be ofthe following types and grades, as specified (see 4.1.3 and4.1.7):3.1.1 Type IOpen turn
10、buckle bodies (see 5.2.45.2.7)3.1.1.1 Grade:(1) Forged(2) Spread(3) Resistance welded(4) Arc or gas welded3.1.2 Type IIPipe turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.8).3.1.3 Type IIIRigging turnbuckle bodies (see 5.2.9).3.2 Turnbuckles covered under this specification shall be ofthe following classes and sizes, a
11、s specified (see 4.1.3):3.2.1 Classes:Aturnbuckle, body only without end pulls, heads notdrilled.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 onGeneral Requirements.Current edition approved M
12、ay 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1145 05. DOI:10.1520/F1145-05R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume in
13、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.
14、org.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Bturnbuckle, body only with
15、out end pulls, heads threadedright and left hand.Cturnbuckle with stub and stub end pulls, complete.Dturnbuckle with eye and eye end pulls, complete.Eturnbuckle with hook and hook end pulls, complete.Fturnbuckle with hook and eye end pulls, complete.Gturnbuckle with jaw and jaw end pulls, complete.H
16、turnbuckle with jaw and eye end pulls, complete.3.2.1.1 The arrangement of turnbuckle bodies and end pullsfor Classes C, D, E, F, G, and H shall be similar to Fig. 1.3.2.2 SizesShall be as listed in Table 1 and Table 2.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall inc
17、ludethe following information:4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Quantity required,4.1.3 Type, class, and size (see 3.1, 3.2, and 8.1),4.1.4 Material, if different (see 5.1.1),4.1.5 Type thread required (see 7.3),4.1.6 Type finish required (see 9.3),4.1.7 Grade required, if Type I is spe
18、cified (see 3.1.1),4.1.8 Optional requirements, if any (see S1 and S2).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Materials:5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified (see 4.1.4), turnbuckle andend pulls shall be made from steel of a grade which will meetthe requirements of Table 3.5.1.2 For materials used for welded tu
19、rnbuckle bodies, eyeand jaw end pulls, the carbon shall be 0.25 % maximum, sulfur0.05 % maximum, and phosphorus 0.05 % maximum.5.1.3 Heavy jam nuts shall be right-hand or left-handthreaded, as required, and made of carbon steel of a typeselected from Groups 1016 to 1020, inclusive in accordancewith
20、Specification A29/A29M.FIG. 1 Classes of TurnbucklesTABLE 1 Turnbuckle Bodies, Classes A and B, and Turnbuckles,Class CNOTE1 in. = 25.4 mm.SizeThread,NominalOutsideDiameter,in.Clear Opening Between Head, in.4412 6 9 12 18 24 36 4814 X . . . . . . . .516 . X . . . . . . .38 . . X . . . . . .12 . . X
21、X X . . . .58 . . X X X X . . .34 XXXXX78 . . X . X X X . .1 XXXXX114 XXXXX138 . . X . . . . . .112 XXXXXX134 XXXXX2 . . X . . . X X X214 . . X . . . X X X212 . . X . . . X X X234 . . X . . . . . X3 . . X . . . . . X312 . . X . . . . . X4 . . X . . . . . XTABLE 2 Turnbuckles, Classes D, E, F, G, and
22、 H.NOTE1 in. = 25.4 mmSizeThread,NominalOutsideDiameter,in.Clear Opening Between Heads, in.4412 6 9 12 18 24 36 4814 X . . . . . . . .516 . X . . . . . . .38 . . X . . . . . .12 . . X X X . . . .58 . . X X X X . . .34 XXXXX78 . . . . X X X . .1 XXXX114 XXXX112 XXXXX134 XXXX2 . . . . . . X X X214 . .
23、 . . . . X X X212 . . . . . . X X XF1145 05 (2011)25.1.4 Jaw end pulls58 in. (16 mm) and smaller shall beprovided with a steel hexagon head bolt and nut of commercialquality. Jaw end pulls34 in. (19 mm) and larger shall beprovided with a round head steel pin and cotter of commercialvalue.5.2 Manufac
24、ture:5.2.1 Eye End PullsEye end pulls shall be forged, resis-tance welded, or arc or gas welded, at the option of theproducer, except that when forged bodies are specified, forged-eye end pulls shall be required.5.2.1.1 Each forged-eye end pull shall be forged at elevatedtemperature to final shape a
25、nd size and shall be similar to Fig.2. The shape of the eye may be either oval or round.5.2.1.2 Resistance-welded eye end pulls shall be similar toFig. 3. They shall be fabricated from one piece of material bybending the material to form the eye and joined by resistancewelding process.5.2.1.3 Arc- o
26、r gas-welded eye end pulls shall be similar toFig. 4. They shall be fabricated from one piece of material bybending the material to form the eye and joined by welding.The cross-sectional area through the weld shall be not less thanthe cross-sectional area of the bar.5.2.2 Jaw End PullsJaw end pulls
27、shall be forged, arc orgas welded, or upset, at the option of the producer, except thatif forged bodies are specified, forged-jaw end pulls shall beprovided.5.2.2.1 Forged-jaw end pulls shall be similar to Fig. 5.5.2.2.2 Arc- or gas-welded end pulls shall be similar to Fig.6.5.2.2.3 Upset jaw end pu
28、lls shall be similar to Fig. 7.5.2.3 Hook End PullsHook end pulls shall be forged andbe similar to Fig. 8.5.2.4 Type I, Grade 1 TurnbucklesEach forged turnbucklebody shall be forged at elevated temperature to final shape andsize and shall be similar to Fig. 9. The shape of the head of theturnbuckle
29、shall be either round or hexagonal.5.2.5 Type I, Grade 2 TurnbucklesFor each spread turn-buckle body, one piece of material shall be cut lengthwise fromnear one end to the other end by any suitable means, such as anoxyacetylene cutting torch; the resulting reins shall then bespread apart at elevated
30、 temperatures to final shape and size.TABLE 3 Breaking Strength of Turnbuckles (Complete With End Pulls)NOTE 11 in. = 25.4 mm.NOTE 21 lb = 0.45 kg.Size, NominalOutsideDiameterof Thread, in.Strength Breaking, min, lbf (kN) Recommended Working Loads, lbf (kN)Type I, Grade 1 All Others Type I, Grade 1
31、All OthersJaw, Eye,or StubEnd PullsHookEnd PullsJaw, Eye,or StubEnd PullsHookEnd PullsJaw, Eye,or StubEnd PullsHookEnd PullsJaw, Eye,or StubEnd PullsHookEnd Pulls14 2 500 (11) 1 500 (7) 1 550 (7) 1 050 (5) 500 (2) 300 (1.3) 310 (1.4) 210 (0.9)516 3 500 (16) 2 500 (11) 2 700 (12) 1 650 (7.3) 700 (3)
32、500 (2.2) 540 (2.4) 330 (1.5)38 5 200 (23) 3 500 (16) 4 100 (18) 2 300 (10) 1 040 (4.6) 700 (3.1) 820 (3.6) 460 (2)12 9 000 (40) 5 200 (23) 7 550 (34) 3 700 (16.4) 1 800 (8) 1 040 (8) 1 500 (7) 740 (3.3)58 13 500 (60) 8 000 (36) 12 100 (54) 5 400 (24) 2 700 (12) 1 600 (7.1) 2 400 (11) 1 080 (4.8)34
33、20 000 (89) 10 000 (44) 18 100 (81) 7 500 (33) 4 000 (18) 2 000 (9) 3 600 (16) 1 500 (7)78 29 000 (129) 12 000 (53) 25 100 (112) 10 000 (44) 5 800 (26) 2 400 (11) 5 000 (22) 2 000 (9)1 38 000 (169) 14 500 (64) 33 100 (147) 12 800 (57) 7 600 (34) 2 900 (13) 6 600 (29) 2 560 (11.4)114 60 000 (267) 23
34、000 (102) 53 600 (238) 20 600 (92) 12 000 (53) 4 600 (20) 10 700 (48) 4 120 (18.3)138 72 000 (320) 29 000 (129) 63 400 (282) 24 300 (108) 14 400 (64) 5 800 (26) 12 600 (56) 4 860 (22)112 85 000 (378) 36 000 (160) 77 700 (345) 29 300 (130) 17 000 (76) 7 200 (32) 15 500 (69) 5 860 (26.1)134 115 000 (5
35、11) . . . 105 000 (467) . . . 23 000 (102) . . . 21 000 (93) . . .2 150 000 (667) . . . 138 000 (614) . . . 30 000 (133) . . . 27 600 (122) . . .214 197 000 (876) . . . 181 000 (805) . . . 39 400 (175) . . . 36 200 (161) . . .212 242 000 (1076) . . . 223 000 (992) . . . 48 400 (215) . . . 44 600 (19
36、8) . . .234 304 000 (1352) . . . 277 000 (1232) . . . 60 800 (270) . . . 55 400 (246) . . .3 350 000 (1556) . . . 337 000 (1499) . . . 70 000 (311) . . . 67 400 (300) . . .314 400 000 (1779) . . . 400 000 (1779) . . . 80 000 (356) . . . 80 000 (356) . . .312 475 000 (2112) . . . 475 000 (2113) . . .
37、 95 000 (423) . . . 95 000 (423) . . .334 550 000 (2446) . . . 550 000 (2446) . . . 110 000 (489) . . . 110 000 (489) . . .4 635 000 (2824) . . . 635 000 (2824) . . . 127 000 (565) . . . 127 000 (565) . . .FIG. 2 Forged-Eye End PullF1145 05 (2011)3The bodies shall be similar to Fig. 10. The shape of
38、 the crosssection of the material shall be at the option of the producer.5.2.6 Type I, Grade 3 TurnbucklesEach resistance-weldedturnbuckle body shall be fabricated by joining two formedpieces of material by either the flash or upset welding process.The welds shall be parallel to the long axis of the
39、 piece. Thesurfaces to be joined shall be held in intimate contact byexternal forces, an electric current passed through the surfaces,and the weld consolidated by the forces. The bodies shall besimilar to Fig. 11. The shape of the cross section of the piecesshall be at the option of the producer.5.2
40、.7 Type I, Grade 4 TurnbucklesThe welds shall beeither electric arc or oxyacetylene (gas) at the option of theproducer. Arc- or gas-welded turnbuckle bodies shall befabricated by joining four pieces of material by welds similarto Fig. 12. The faces of the welds shall not be concave but maybe somewha
41、t convex.5.2.8 Type II, PipePipe turnbuckle bodies shall be forged,swaged, spun, drawn, or upset in way of the threaded ends, andshall be similar to Fig. 13.5.2.9 Type III, RiggingRigging turnbuckle bodies shall beforged, similar to Fig. 14, and shall be provided with a heavyFIG. 3 Resistance-Welded
42、-Eye End PullFIG. 4 Arc or Gas Welded-Eye End PullFIG. 5 Forged-Jaw End PullFIG. 6 Arc or Gas Welded-Jaw End PullFIG. 7 Upset Jaw End PullF1145 05 (2011)4jam nut (see 5.1.3) of a type which does not depend upondeformation of the threads for security.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 The breaking strength
43、of turnbuckles, equipped with endpulls, shall be not less than the value given in Table 3 for therequired size, type, and grade of end pull specified.6.2 End pulls shall be capable of bending through an angleof 90 around a pin twice the nominal major diameter of theend pull without either crack or r
44、upture.6.3 End pulls for Classes D, E, F, G, and H shall be capableof supporting a load equal to one half of the specified breakingstrength without permanent deformation.7. Other Requirements7.1 All arc-welded bodies, eyes, and jaws shall be weldedwith Type 7015, 7016, 8015, or 8016 electrodes of AW
45、S A5.1or AWS A5.5, as applicable.7.2 All gas-welded bodies, eyes, and jaws shall be weldedwith welding rods in accordance with AWS A5.2.7.3 Turnbuckle bodies and end pulls shall be threaded afterfabrication to final size and shape. The threads in the heads ofthe turnbuckle bodies and on the end pull
46、s shall comply withANSI B1.1 (see 4.1.5). Unified threads in the coarse (UNC)and fine (UNF) standard series should be used. If neither isspecified, the threads will be in the UNC series. If the standarddiameter-pitch combinations are not suitable, the UNS threadswith dimensions in accordance with AN
47、SI B1.1 should beused.7.3.1 Threads on the finished turnbuckle shall not be looserthan class 1A/1B fit. If coated turnbuckles are specified, themale threads on the end pulls may be undercut, as necessary, sothat after coating they will properly mate (not looser than1A/1B fit) with the standard size
48、female threads of theturnbuckle bodies.7.3.2 The thread in one head of each turnbuckle body shallbe right-hand and in the other head, left-hand.FIG. 8 Hook End PullFIG. 9 Type I, Grade 1, Open Turnbuckle Body, ForgedFIG. 10 Type I, Grade 2, Open Turnbuckle Body, SpreadFIG. 11 Type I, Grade 3, Open T
49、urnbuckle Body, ResistanceWeldedFIG. 12 Type I, Grade 4, Open Turnbuckle Body, Arc or GasWeldedFIG. 13 Type II, Pipe Turnbuckle BodyFIG. 14 Type III, Rigging Turnbuckle BodyF1145 05 (2011)57.3.3 The threads on the end pulls shall be right-hand on oneend pull and left-hand on the other. The length of the thread onthe two end pulls shall be great enough so that the ends of theend pull can be brought into contact with each other at themiddle of the body length when jam nuts are not used.8. Dimensions an
