1、Designation: F 1216 07bAn American National StandardStandard Practice forRehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by theInversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnated Tube1, 2This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1216; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the
3、recon-struction of pipelines and conduits (4 to 108-in. diameter) bythe installation of a resin-impregnated, flexible tube which isinverted into the existing conduit by use of a hydrostatic heador air pressure. The resin is cured by circulating hot water orintroducing controlled steam within the tub
4、e. When cured, thefinished pipe will be continuous and tight-fitting. This recon-struction process can be used in a variety of gravity andpressure applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers,process piping, electrical conduits, and ventilation systems.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units
5、 are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pract
6、ices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see 7.4.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD
7、790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe-sive BondsD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 3839 Guide for Underground Installation of “Fiberglass”(
8、Glass-FiberReinforced Thermosetting-Resin) PipeF 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 AWWA Standard:Manual on Cleaning and Lining Water Mains, M 2842.3 NASSCO Standard:Recommended Specifications for Sewer Collection SystemRehabilitation5NOTE 1An ASTM specification for cured-in-place
9、 pipe materialsappropriate for use in this standard is under preparation and will bereferenced in this practice when published.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F 412and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D 1600,unless otherwise specified.3.2 Definitions
10、of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cured-in-place pipe (CIPP)a hollow cylinder con-taining a nonwoven or a woven material, or a combination ofnonwoven and woven material surrounded by a cured thermo-setting resin. Plastic coatings may be included. This pipe isformed within an existing pipe. Th
11、erefore, it takes the shape ofand fits tightly to the existing pipe.3.2.2 inversionthe process of turning the resin-impregnated tube inside out by the use of water pressure or airpressure.3.2.3 lifta portion of the CIPP that has cured in a positionsuch that it has pulled away from the existing pipe
12、wall.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers,regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations whoare involved in the rehabilitation of conduits through the use ofa resin-impregnated tube inverted through the existing conduit.As for any practice, modif
13、ications may be required for specificjob conditions.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 onTrenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Ori
14、ginallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved 2007 as F 1216 07a.2The following report has been published on one of the processes: Driver, F. T.,and Olson, M. R., “Demonstration of Sewer Relining by the Insituform Process,Northbrook, Illinois,” EPA-600/2-83-064, Environmental Protection Ag
15、ency, 1983.Interested parties can obtain copies from the Environmental Protection Agency orfrom a local technical library.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, ref
16、er to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. QuincyAve., Denver, CO 80235, http:/www.awwa.org.5Available from the National Association of Sewer Service Companies, 101Wymore Rd., Suite 501, Altamonte, FL 32714.1Copyright
17、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Materials5.1 TubeThe tube should consist of one or more layers offlexible needled felt or an equivalent nonwoven or wovenmaterial, or a combination of nonwoven and woven materials,capable of c
18、arrying resin, withstanding installation pressuresand curing temperatures. The tube should be compatible withthe resin system used. The material should be able to stretch tofit irregular pipe sections and negotiate bends. The outsidelayer of the tube should be plastic coated with a material thatis c
19、ompatible with the resin system used. The tube should befabricated to a size that, when installed, will tightly fit theinternal circumference and the length of the original conduit.Allowance should be made for circumferential stretchingduring inversion.5.2 ResinA general purpose, unsaturated, styren
20、e-based,thermoset resin and catalyst system or an epoxy resin andhardener that is compatible with the inversion process shouldbe used. The resin must be able to cure in the presence of waterand the initiation temperature for cure should be less than180F (82.2C). The CIPP system can be expected to ha
21、ve asa minimum the initial structural properties given in Table 1.These physical strength properties should be determined inaccordance with Section 8.6. Design Considerations6.1 General GuidelinesThe design thickness of the CIPPis largely a function of the condition of the existing pipe.Design equat
22、ions and details are given in Appendix X1.7. Installation7.1 Cleaning and Inspection:7.1.1 Prior to entering access areas such as manholes, andperforming inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation ofthe atmosphere to determine the presence of toxic or flammablevapors or lack of oxygen must be
23、undertaken in accordancewith local, state, or federal safety regulations.7.1.2 Cleaning of PipelineAll internal debris should beremoved from the original pipeline. Gravity pipes should becleaned with hydraulically powered equipment, high-velocityjet cleaners, or mechanically powered equipment (seeNA
24、SSCO Recommended Specifications for Sewer CollectionSystem Rehabilitation). Pressure pipelines should be cleanedwith cable-attached devices or fluid-propelled devices asshown in AWWA Manual on Cleaning and Lining WaterMains, M 28.7.1.3 Inspection of PipelinesInspection of pipelinesshould be performe
25、d by experienced personnel trained inlocating breaks, obstacles, and service connections by closed-circuit television or man entry. The interior of the pipelineshould be carefully inspected to determine the location of anyconditions that may prevent proper installation of the impreg-nated tube, such
26、 as protruding service taps, collapsed orcrushed pipe, and reductions in the cross-sectional area of morethan 40 %. These conditions should be noted so that they canbe corrected.7.1.4 Line ObstructionsThe original pipeline should beclear of obstructions such as solids, dropped joints, protrudingserv
27、ice connections, crushed or collapsed pipe, and reductionsin the cross-sectional area of more than 40 % that will preventthe insertion of the resin-impregnated tube. If inspectionreveals an obstruction that cannot be removed by conventionalsewer cleaning equipment, then a point repair excavationshou
28、ld be made to uncover and remove or repair the obstruc-tion.7.2 Resin ImpregnationThe tube should be vacuum-impregnated with resin (wet-out) under controlled conditions.The volume of resin used should be sufficient to fill all voids inthe tube material at nominal thickness and diameter. Thevolume sh
29、ould be adjusted by adding 5 to 10 % excess resin forthe change in resin volume due to polymerization and to allowfor any migration of resin into the cracks and joints in theoriginal pipe.7.3 BypassingIf bypassing of the flow is required aroundthe sections of pipe designated for reconstruction, the
30、bypassshould be made by plugging the line at a point upstream of thepipe to be reconstructed and pumping the flow to a downstreampoint or adjacent system. The pump and bypass lines should beof adequate capacity and size to handle the flow. Serviceswithin this reach will be temporarily out of service
31、.7.3.1 Public advisory services will be required to notify allparties whose service laterals will be out of commission and toadvise against water usage until the mainline is back in service.7.4 Inversion:7.4.1 Using Hydrostatic HeadThe wet-out tube should beinserted through an existing manhole or ot
32、her approved accessby means of an inversion process and the application of ahydrostatic head sufficient to fully extend it to the nextdesignated manhole or termination point. The tube should beinserted into the vertical inversion standpipe with the imper-meable plastic membrane side out. At the lowe
33、r end of theinversion standpipe, the tube should be turned inside out andattached to the standpipe so that a leakproof seal is created.Theinversion head should be adjusted to be of sufficient height tocause the impregnated tube to invert from point of inversion topoint of termination and hold the tu
34、be tight to the pipe wall,producing dimples at side connections. Care should be takenduring the inversion so as not to over-stress the felt fiber.7.4.1.1 An alternative method of installation is a top inver-sion. In this case, the tube is attached to a top ring and isinverted to form a standpipe fro
35、m the tube itself or anothermethod accepted by the engineer.NOTE 2The tube manufacturer should provide information on themaximum allowable tensile stress for the tube.7.4.2 Using Air PressureThe wet-out tube should beinserted through an existing manhole or other approved accessTABLE 1 CIPP Initial S
36、tructural PropertiesAProperty Test MethodMinimum Valuepsi (MPa)Flexural strength D 790 4 500 (31)Flexural modulus D 790 250 000 (1 724)Tensile strength (forpressure pipesonly)D 638 3 000 (21)AThe values in Table 1 are for field inspection. The purchaser should consult themanufacturer for the long-te
37、rm structural properties.F 1216 07b2by means of an inversion process and the application of airpressure sufficient to fully extend it to the next designatedmanhole or termination point. The tube should be connected byan attachment at the upper end of the guide chute so that aleakproof seal is create
38、d and with the impermeable plasticmembranes side out. As the tube enters the guide chute, thetube should be turned inside out. The inversion air pressureshould be adjusted to be of sufficient pressure to cause theimpregnated tube to invert from point of inversion to point oftermination and hold the
39、tube tight to the pipe wall, producingdimples at side connections. Care should be taken during theinversion so as not to overstress the woven and nonwovenmaterials.NOTE 3Warning: Suitable precautions should be taken to eliminatehazards to personnel in the proximity of the construction when pressuriz
40、edair is being use.7.4.3 Required PressuresBefore the inversion begins, thetube manufacturer shall provide the minimum pressure re-quired to hold the tube tight against the existing conduit, andthe maximum allowable pressure so as not to damage the tube.Once the inversion has started, the pressure s
41、hall be maintainedbetween the minimum and maximum pressures until theinversion has been completed.7.5 LubricantThe use of a lubricant during inversion isrecommended to reduce friction during inversion. This lubri-cant should be poured into the inversion water in the downtubeor applied directly to th
42、e tube. The lubricant used should be anontoxic, oil-based product that has no detrimental effects onthe tube or boiler and pump system, will not support the growthof bacteria, and will not adversely affect the fluid to betransported.7.6 Curing:7.6.1 Using Circulating Heated Water After inversion isc
43、ompleted, a suitable heat source and water recirculationequipment are required to circulate heated water throughout thepipe. The equipment should be capable of delivering hot waterthroughout the section to uniformly raise the water temperatureabove the temperature required to effect a cure of the re
44、sin.Water temperature in the line during the cure period should beas recommended by the resin manufacturer.7.6.1.1 The heat source should be fitted with suitablemonitors to gage the temperature of the incoming and outgoingwater supply. Another such gage should be placed between theimpregnated tube a
45、nd the pipe invert at the termination todetermine the temperatures during cure.7.6.1.2 Initial cure will occur during temperature heat-upand is completed when exposed portions of the new pipeappear to be hard and sound and the remote temperature sensorindicates that the temperature is of a magnitude
46、 to realize anexotherm or cure in the resin. After initial cure is reached, thetemperature should be raised to the post-cure temperaturerecommended by the resin manufacturer. The post-cure tem-perature should be held for a period as recommended by theresin manufacturer, during which time the recircu
47、lation of thewater and cycling of the boiler to maintain the temperaturecontinues. The curing of the CIPP must take into account theexisting pipe material, the resin system, and ground conditions(temperature, moisture level, and thermal conductivity of soil).7.6.2 Using SteamAfter inversion is compl
48、eted, suitablesteam-generating equipment is required to distribute steamthroughout the pipe. The equipment should be capable ofdelivering steam throughout the section to uniformly raise thetemperature within the pipe above the temperature required toeffect a cure of the resin. The temperature in the
49、 line during thecure period should be as recommended by the resin manufac-turer.7.6.2.1 The steam-generating equipment should be fittedwith a suitable monitor to gage the temperature of the outgoingsteam. The temperature of the resin being cured should bemonitored by placing gages between the impregnated tube andthe existing pipe at both ends to determine the temperatureduring cure.7.6.2.2 Initial cure will occur during temperature heat-upand is completed when exposed portions of the new pipeappear to be hard and sound and the remote temperature sensorindicates
