1、Designation: F1359 07F1359/F1359M 13Standard Test Method forLiquid Penetration Resistance of Protective Clothing orProtective Ensembles Under a Shower Spray While on aMannequin1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1359;F1359/F1359M; the number immediately following the designation in
2、dicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPersonnel in industry and emergency resp
3、onse can be exposed to numerous chemicals capable ofcausing harm upon contact with the human body. The deleterious effects of these chemicals can rangefrom acute trauma such as skin irritation and burn, to chronic degenerative disease such as cancer.Since engineering controls cannot eliminate all po
4、ssible exposures, attention is often placed onreducing the potential for direct skin contact through the use of protective clothing.Protective clothing is available in a variety of constructions, configurations and materials, and isdesigned to provide various levels of protection against many hazard
5、s. Protective clothing offering thehighest level of chemical protection is constructed to prevent any contact of solid, liquid, or gaseouschemicals with the wearer. Test Method F1052 evaluates the integrity and construction of the vaporprotective ensembles by way of an internal pressure test. In som
6、e applications, chemical protectiveclothing need only isolate the wearer from splashes of liquids. This test method evaluates the integrityof the construction and configuration of liquid-penetration-resistant protective clothing or protectiveensembles with a shower-spray test.Resistance of materials
7、 used in protective clothing to chemical permeation should be evaluated byTest Method F739 for continuous contact and Test Method F1383 for intermittent contact (that is,splash), or by Test Method F1407 using the permeation cup method. Resistance of protective clothingmaterials to liquid penetration
8、 should be determined by Test Method F903.Physical properties of materials used in the construction of protective clothing can be determinedusing a variety of test methods including, Test Methods D751 for dimensions, weight, breakingstrength, elongation, burst, tear resistance, and hydrostatic resis
9、tance;Test Method D2582 for puncturepropagation tear resistance; Test Method D4157 for abrasion resistance; Test Method F392 for flexuralfatigue; Test Method F1358 for flammability, as well as many others.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the ability of protective clothing or protective ensemble
10、s to resist liquid penetration in the formof a shower spray with surfactant-treated water.1.2 This test method measures the liquid penetration resistance of the construction and configuration of the overall protectiveclothing or protective ensemble, but especially of seams, closures, and interfaces
11、with other components such as gloves, boots,hoods, and respiratory protective equipment. It is intended that this test method be used to assess the liquid penetration resistanceof protective clothing and protective ensembles as received from the manufacturer and worn in accordance with their instruc
12、tions.1.3 Resistance of materials used in protective clothing to permeation or penetration can be determined in accordance with TestMethods F739 and F903, respectively.1.4 The integrity of vapor protective ensembles is measured by its ability to maintain positive internal pressure with TestMethod F1
13、052.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.30 on Chemicals.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2007Feb. 1, 2013. Published November 2007February 2013. Originally approved in 19
14、91. Last previous edition approved in 20042007as F1359 - 99a (2004)F1359 - 07 DOI: 10.1520/F1359-07.10.1520/F1359-13.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may
15、not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
16、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.5 The values in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must beused independently of the other, without combining values in any way.1.6 This standard does not purport
17、to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D751 Test
18、 Methods for Coated FabricsD2582 Test Method for Puncture-Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin SheetingD4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)F392 Test Method for Flex Durability of Flexible Barrier MaterialsF739 Test Method for Perm
19、eation of Liquids and Gases through Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions of ContinuousContactF903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by LiquidsF1052 Test Method for Pressure Testing Vapor Protective SuitsF1358 Test Method for Effects of Flame
20、 Impingement on Materials Used in Protective Clothing Not Designated Primarily forFlame ResistanceF1383 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases through Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions of IntermittentContactF1407 Test Method for Resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing Materi
21、als to Liquid PermeationPermeation Cup Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 liquid splash protective clothing, nprotective clothing used to protect the wearer from liquid splashes of chemicals.splashes.3.1.2 liquid splash protective ensemble, nprotective ensemble used to protect the wearer from
22、 liquid splashes of chemicals.splashes.3.1.3 penetration, nfor chemical-resistant clothing, in a protective clothing material or item, the process by which a solid,liquid, or gas moves through closures, seams, interstices, and pinholes or other imperfections on a non-molecularchemicalprotective clot
23、hing, the movement of substances through voids in protective clothing materials or items on a nonmolecular level.3.1.3.1 DiscussionVoids include gaps, pores, holes and imperfections in closures, seams, interfaces and protective clothing materials. Penetration doesnot require a change if state; solid
24、 chemicals move through voids in materials as solids, liquids as liquids and gases as gases.Penetration is a distinctly different mechanism from permeation.3.1.4 permeation, nthe process by which a chemical moves through a protective clothing material on a molecular level. forchemical protective clo
25、thing, the movements of chemicals as molecules through protective clothing materials by the processes of(1) absorption of the chemical into the contact surface of the materials, (2) diffusion of the absorbed molecules throughout thematerial, and (3) desorption of the chemical from the opposite surfa
26、ce of the material.3.1.4.1 DiscussionPermeation involves the following: (is a distinctly different1 ) sorption of molecules of the chemical into the contacted (challengeside) surface of the material, (mechanism 2) diffusion of the sorbed molecules in the material, and (3) desorption of the molecules
27、from the opposite (collection side) surface of the material. from penetration.3.1.5 protective clothing, napparel used for the an item of clothing that is specifically designed and constructed for theintended purpose of isolating parts all or part of the body from contact with a potential hazard. a
28、potential hazard; or, isolating theexternal environment from contamination by the wearer of the clothing3.1.6 protective ensemble, nthe combination of protective clothing with respiratory protective equipment, hoods, helmets,gloves, boots, communication systems, cooling devices, and other accessorie
29、s intended to protect the wearer from a potentialhazard when worn together.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the
30、 ASTM website.F1359/F1359M 1323.1.6.1 DiscussionFor evaluating liquid penetration resistance, the protective ensemble includes only those clothing items or accessories which arenecessary to provide resistance to liquid penetration.3.1.7 vapor protective ensemble, na chemical protective ensemble used
31、 to protect the wearer from chemical liquids, vapors,and gases.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A test specimen (protective clothing or protective ensemble) is placed on a mannequin that is already dressed in aliquid-absorptive garment covering portions of the mannequin form that are of interest.4.2 Wat
32、er, treated to achieve a surface tension of 0.032 6 0.002 N/m (32 6 2 dynes/cm) is sprayed at the test specimen fromfive nozzles positioned in a specific configuration with respect to the specimen. The specimen is exposed to the liquid spray fora period of 15 min in each of four specimen orientation
33、s.4.3 Liquid penetration resistance is determined by the absence of liquid inside the specimen, or on the inner liquid-absorptivegarment. garment, or both.4.4 The test specimen is rated as passing if liquid does not penetrate and as failing if liquid does penetrate.5. Significance and Use5.1 This te
34、st method evaluates the ability of the construction and configuration of protective clothing or protective ensemblesto resist liquid penetration. In most cases, the conditions used in this test method will not represent actual end-use conditions.5.2 The one-hour duration of the test is not intended
35、to simulate user exposure to splashes of liquid chemical but rather toprovide sufficient time for enough liquid to penetrate to make visual detection easier.5.2.1 It is permissible to specify shorter test durations. The duration of exposure in each mannequin orientation must be thesame.5.2.2 The cho
36、ice of different test duration is partly based on the number of layers in the specimen being tested, some of whichserve to absorb the surfactant-treated test liquid and result in attenuating the severity of the liquid challenge to the specimen.5.3 A nontoxic, non-foaming surfactant is added to water
37、 for this test method to simulate liquids of lower surface tensions.Liquids of specific interest can be simulated by treating water to achieve an equivalent surface tension.5.4 For protective clothing with water-repellent surfaces, the lower surface tension liquid will aid in the evaluation of theco
38、nstruction and configuration of the garment because it is not repelled but wets the protective clothing. This is especially usefulfor reusable garments whose water-repellent surface interferes with the evaluation of their construction and configuration whennew, but is diminished after wearing and wa
39、shing.5.5 Fluorescent or colored dyes may be added to the water to enhance detection of liquid penetration into the protective clothingor protective ensemble.5.6 This test method can be used by both manufacturers and end users to assess liquid penetration resistance. Manufacturerscan use this test m
40、ethod to evaluate quality of construction and effectiveness of clothing and ensemble configurations.5.7 The clothing or ensemble shall be sized to fit the mannequin. It is important that the clothing fit the mannequin well sincedetection of liquid penetration requires as much contact as possible bet
41、ween the clothing or ensemble and the innerliquid-absorptive garment.5.8 Results on a mismatched size of clothing or ensemble shall not be used to generalize about a particular construction orconfiguration. Mannequin fit potentially affects liquid penetration resistance determinations.5.9 There is n
42、o known limit to the kind of protective clothing or protective ensembles that can be evaluated with this testmethod.5.10 In some cases protective clothing or protective ensembles that show no liquid penetration during this test method will stillfail to protect wearers against specific chemicals due
43、to the material degradation, penetration, or permeation or the toxicityassociated with the vapor of liquid chemicals.5.11 In some cases protective clothing or protective ensembles that show no liquid penetration during this test method will stillfail to protect wearers in specific circumstances as,
44、for example, deluge or immersion.6. Apparatus6.1 Human-Form Mannequin, an appropriately sized human-form mannequin shall be selected for testing the protectiveclothing or protective ensemble. The selected mannequin should provide as much contact with the protective clothing or protectiveensemble as
45、possible. The mannequin shall have a water-resistant coating. The mannequin shall have straight arms and legs withthe arms at the mannequins sides.F1359/F1359M 1336.2 Liquid-Absorptive Inner GarmentAn inner garment shall cover all areas of the mannequin that are of interest as an aidto observe liqui
46、d penetration. The inner garment shall be constructed of fabric that is finish free and that is easily watermarked.Select an inner garment that contacts the test garment as closely as possible. Users of this test method may also use moresophisticated equipment for detecting liquid penetration.6.3 Sh
47、ower SystemThe shower system shall consist of five low-flow shower head nozzles, and a pressurized liquid supply.Thefive nozzles shall be oriented with respect to the mannequin as specified in Fig. 1. The nozzles shall conform to the specificationsgiven in Fig. 2.3 The pressurized liquid supply shal
48、l be delivered at 3.0 6 0.2 L/min 48 6 3 gal/h through each nozzle.6.4 Stopwatch, or other appropriate timing device.7. Precautions7.1 Conduct the test method in an area designed to collect liquid runoff.7.2 Keep unprotected observers from being exposed to the test liquid.7.3 After testing, and befo
49、re returning the specimen to service or storage, ensure the following:7.3.1 The specimen is dry,7.3.2 The specimen is clean, and7.3.3 All parts are positioned correctly and secured tightly.8. Specimen Preparation8.1 Protective clothing or protective ensemble components, shall be tested as received and in accordance with themanufacturers instructions. Duct tape or other nonuniform methods for closing or sealing, or both, interfaces shall not be used.8.2 Parts of the protective clothing or protective ensemble that are not to be tested shall be suitably blocked off t
