1、Designation: F1364 03 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Practice forUse of a Calibration Device to Demonstrate the InspectionCapability of an Interferometric Laser ImagingNondestructive Tire Inspection System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1364; the number immediately following the des
2、ignation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the c
3、onstruction and use of acalibration device for demonstrating the anomaly detectioncapability of interferometric laser imaging nondestructive tireinspection system. A common practice within the industry is torefer to these systems as shearographic/holographic (S/H)systems.1.2 This standard practice a
4、pplies to S/H systems that areused for evaluating the structural integrity of pneumatic tires,(for example, presence or absence of anomalies within the tire).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user
5、of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-formance of Tires2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Straining Block Drawin
6、gs33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 analysis, nan act of inspecting the S/H image andassociating this image with a known calibration reference.F5383.1.2 shearogram/hologram, nthe common term for aninterferometric image provided by S/H systems. F5383.1.3 shearographic or holographic (S/H) systems,
7、 nashearographic or holographic system using interferometriclaser imaging to nondestructively inspect tires. F5383.1.4 straining block, na test block containing a numberof anomalies, that is capable of simulating an anomaly in a tire.F5383.1.5 straining block anomoly, na change in the strainpattern
8、of the deformable surface of a straining block as a resultof applied stress brought about through a change in atmo-spheric pressure on the deformable surface.3.1.5.1 DiscussionA distinction is made between ananomaly in the straining block and an anomaly in the a tire.F5383.1.6 straining block holdin
9、g fixture, na device for hold-ing one or more straining blocks in the S/H system during theinspection process (see Fig. 1). F5384. Summary of Practice4.1 The straining block is designed to create an image of aknown anomaly against which the performance of the S/Hsystem may be evaluated. The block is
10、 constructed by securinga flexible membrane over a rigid block that contains a series ofholes of various sizes and shapes. The membrane should bemade of a material that retains its physical properties over timewith minimal aging effects. The interior holes in the block areeither vented to atmospheri
11、c pressure or sealed at a nominalpressure, allowing a differential pressure to exist on themembrane when the block is subjected to a vacuum. It is thedeflection of the surface under this differential pressure that ismeasured by the S/H system. The thickness of material must beselected to give deflec
12、tions that are representative of thoseassociated with anomalies found in a tire.4.2 The size of the holes in a straining block can be used todetermine the sensitivity of the S/H system. Generally, largerholes are more readily detectable. However, it is possible for apoorly calibrated S/H system to d
13、etect some small holes andmiss very large ones. Therefore, a calibration block shouldcontain holes of varying diameter and depth, consistent with1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.10 on Equipment, Facilities and
14、Calibration.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F1364 03 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/F1364-03R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at service
15、astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJF1364. Original adjunct produced in 1992.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
16、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1the range of anomaly sizes that are expected in use of the S/Hsystem. Typically, the calibration holes in the straining blocksvary between diameters of 1 mm (0.04 in.) and 100 mm (4 in.).A drawing of one version of the straining blocks is shown inFi
17、g. 2.4.3 These straining blocks shall be placed in a series oflocations within the S/H system to confirm the detectability ofanomalies over the entire field of view within the S/H system.Alternately, a straining block can be designed to be rectangularin shape with proportions covering the systems fi
18、eld of viewwith anomalies located at each corner, allowing assessment ofthe entire field of view in a single inspection. An example of atypical straining block holding fixture is shown in Fig. 1.Straining blocks may also be integrated into the design of theS/H machine.4.4 By studying the presence an
19、d clarity of the fringepatterns obtained from each straining block an assessment ofmachine calibration may be made. Adjustments such as opticalalignment, laser power, vacuum level, beam ratiomodifications, multiple exposure, viewer maintenance andother alterations shall be made to optimize the abili
20、ty to detectthe various hole sizes in the straining blocks.5. Significance and Use5.1 All S/H systems change with time and use. Therefore, acalibration procedure for evaluating the operation of an S/Hsystem is desirable. This calibration procedure provides amethod of obtaining an optimized interfero
21、metric image pat-tern associated with a given size anomaly.5.2 The use of straining blocks as calibration devicesprovides a means for ensuring the continued optimal perfor-mance of the S/H system. Straining blocks can also be used tocompare performance of S/H systems in different facilities.5.3 At n
22、ot greater than a three (3) month interval the S/Hsystem shall be calibrated following the procedures describedin this practice. When necessary, adjustments, repairs, ormodifications shall be made to the S/H system until it is able toobserve, in the same image, all anomalies of size within therange
23、of interest contained in the straining blocks.6. Preparation of the Straining Blocks6.1 One configuration of straining blocks is shown in Fig. 2.Alternative configurations and layouts are acceptable, providedthey meet the requirements detailed in this standard. A detaileddescription of how to manufa
24、cture the blocks can be obtained,upon request, fromASTM.3Most suppliers of S/H systems willproved a calibration standard with void sizes varying through-out the range of interest.6.2 Fig. 1 shows a fixture that can be used for holding oneor the other straining blocks. Straining blocks may also beint
25、egrated into the design of the S/H machine.7. Procedure7.1 One or more straining blocks shall be mounted atvarious locations within the field of coverage of the S/Hsystem. This is to simulate the surface locations of a tire beinginspected.7.2 The S/H system is then operated through an inspectioncycl
26、e and the resultant shearograms/holograms are observedusing a laser viewer or other viewing device. All anomalies ofdiameters within the range of interest must be observable withclearly recognizable fringes or indications throughout theimage of the straining block.7.3 When necessary, adjustments, re
27、pairs, or modificationsshall be made to the S/H system until it is able to disclose, inthe same image, all anomalies of diameters within the range ofinterest contained in the straining blocks.8. Report8.1 Record the date of the machine calibration.8.2 Record relevant machine operating and setup para
28、m-eters (including, where applicable, but not limited to linevoltage, laser output power, exposure time, shear angle, anddifferential vacuum) on the calibration report. Where thesystem can support variable imaging head positions, thelocation (angle and distance) of the head relative to thecalibratio
29、n fixture should also be recorded.8.3 Record a brief description of the machine adjustments,repairs or modifications that were made during the calibrationprocess.8.4 The calibration reports and the actual shearograms/holograms or any record of them should be filed for futurecomparative reference.FIG
30、. 1 Straining Block Holding FixtureFIG. 2 Straining BlockF1364 03 (2015)29. Keywords9.1 calibration; holography; inspection; nondestructive;shearography; tireASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standa
31、rd. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewe
32、d every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible
33、technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
34、ohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 03 (2015)3
