1、Designation: F 1417 92 (Reapproved 2005)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forInstallation Acceptance of Plastic Gravity Sewer Lines UsingLow-Pressure Air1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides procedures for testing plasticpi
3、pe sewer lines, using low-pressure air to prove the integrityof the installed material and the construction procedures. Twoprocedures are included to find the rate of air leakagetheconstant-pressure method and the time-pressure drop method.1.2 This test method shall be performed on lines after allco
4、nnections and service laterals have been plugged and bracedadequately to withstand the test pressure. The time betweencompletion of the backfill operation and low-pressure airtesting may be specified by the approving authority.1.3 This test method also may be used as a preliminary test,which enables
5、 the installer to show the condition of a buriedline prior to final backfill, paving, and other constructionactivities.1.4 This test method is applicable to all gravity sewer linesmade of thermoplastic pipe, reinforced thermosetting resin(RTRP) pipe, and reinforced plastic mortar (RPM) pipe,defined
6、in Terminology D 883, D 1600, and F 412.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory
7、limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 828 Practice for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified ClayPipe Lines (4 to 12-in.)C 924 Practice for Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines byLow-Pressure Air Test MethodD 883 Terminol
8、ogy Relating to PlasticsD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD 3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of Fiberglass(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe andFittingsF 412 Terminology
9、Relating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association Standard:UNI-B-6-90 Recommended Practice for Low-Pressure AirTesting of Installed Sewer Pipe33. Summary of Test Method3.1 The section of the line to be tested is plugged.Air, at lowpressure, is introduced into the plugged line. The
10、line passesthe test if the rate of air loss, as measured by pressure drop,does not exceed a specified amount in a specified time.Pressure drop may be determined by using Table 1 or Table 2,or calculated by use of the formulas in 9.1.4. Significance and Use4.1 This low-pressure air test detects damag
11、ed piping orimproper jointing by measuring the rate at which air underpressure escapes from an isolated section of sewer.4.2 The rate of air loss will indicate the presence or absenceof damaged piping or leaking joints. This test method is notintended to show total system water leakage limits and ca
12、nnotbe used as a quantitative measure of leakage under serviceconditions for infiltration or exfiltration.NOTE 1A finding of acceptable air loss specified in this test methodcan be interpreted as an installation acceptance test in lieu of infiltrationor exfiltration test.4.3 This test method will en
13、sure the best possible initialcondition and quality workmanship of all property-installedsewer pipe.5. Apparatus5.1 PlugsMechanical or pneumatic type.5.2 Air CompressorA properly calibrated portable, oil-free air source with a singular control panel containing a mainshut-off valve, pressure-regulati
14、ng valve, 9 psig pressure-relief1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer.Current edition approved Mar. 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition
15、approved in 1998 as F141792 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Uni-Bell P
16、VC Pipe Association, Suite 155, 2655 Villa CreekDrive, Dallas, TX 75234.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.valve, input pressure gage, and a continuous monitoringpressure gage having a pressure range from 0 psi to at lea
17、st 10psi with minimum divisions of 0.10 psi and an accuracy of 60.04 psi.5.3 Rotameter, standard CFM reading with an accuracy of6 2%.6. Safety Precautions6.1 This low-pressure air test may be dangerous to person-nel if, through lack of understanding or carelessness, a line isoverpressurized or plugs
18、/caps are installed or restrained im-properly. It is extremely important that the various plugs beproperly installed to prevent the sudden expulsion of a poorlyinstalled or partially inflated plug. Observe the followingminimum safety precautions:6.1.1 No one shall be allowed in the manholes duringte
19、sting.6.1.2 Install and restrain all caps and plugs securely.6.1.3 When lines are tested, it is mandatory that all the capsand plugs be braced as an added safety factor.6.1.4 Do not overpressurize the lines. Do not exceed 9.0psig.NOTE 2The axial force on a plug at 4 psig internal pressure isF=Pp D2/
20、4 lb, where D is the inside diameter in inches. Thus, the axial forceon an 8-in. plug at the start of a properly-conducted test is over 200 lb.Restraint systems must be designed to handle these forces with adequatesafety factors. Every effort should be made to maintain backfill over thepipe during a
21、ir testing.6.1.5 Aregulator or relief valve set no higher than 9 psi shallbe included on all pressurizing equipment.7. Preparation of the Line7.1 Clean the section of sewer line to be tested by flushingor other means prior to conducting the low-pressure air test.This cleaning serves to eliminate deb
22、ris and produce the mostconsistent results.8. Procedures8.1 Isolate the section of sewer line to be tested by inflatablestoppers or other suitable test plugs.8.1.1 Plug or cap the ends of all branches, laterals, tees,wyes, and stubs to be included in the test to prevent air leakage.All plugs and cap
23、s shall be securely braced to preventTABLE 1 Minimum Specified Time Required for a 1.0 psig Pressure Drop for Size and Length of Pipe Indicated for Q = 0.0015NOTE 1See Practice UNI-B-6-90.NOTE 2Consult with pipe and appurtenance manufacturer for maximum test pressure for pipe size greater than 30 in
24、. in diameter.PipeDiameter,in.MinimumTime,min:sLengthforMinimumTime, ftTime forLongerLength, sSpecification Time for Length (L) Shown, min:s100 ft 150 ft 200 ft 250 ft 300 ft 350 ft 400 ft 450 ft4 3:46 597 0.380 L 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:466 5:40 398 0.854 L 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:4
25、0 5:42 6:248 7:34 298 1.520 L 7:34 7:34 7:34 7:34 7:36 8:52 10:08 11:2410 9:26 239 2.374 L 9:26 9:26 9:26 9:53 11:52 13:51 15:49 17:4812 11:20 199 3.418 L 11:20 11:20 11:24 14:15 17:05 19:56 22:47 25:3815 14:10 159 5.342 L 14:10 14:10 17:48 22:15 26:42 31:09 35:36 40:0418 17:00 133 7.692 L 17:00 19:
26、13 25:38 32:03 38:27 44:52 51:16 57:4121 19:50 114 10.470 L 19:50 26:10 34:54 43:37 52:21 61:00 69:48 78:3124 22:40 99 13.674 L 22:47 34:11 45:34 56:58 68:22 79:46 91:10 102:3327 25:30 88 17.306 L 28:51 43:16 57:41 72:07 86:32 100:57 115:22 129:4830 28:20 80 21.366 L 35:37 53:25 71:13 89:02 106:50 1
27、24:38 142:26 160:1533 31:10 72 25.852 L 43:05 64:38 86:10 107:43 129:16 150:43 172:21 193:5336 34:00 66 30.768 L 51:17 76:55 102:34 128:12 153:50 179:29 205:07 230:46TABLE 2 Minimum Specified Time Required for a 0.5 psig Pressure Drop for Size and Length of Pipe Indicated for Q = 0.0015NOTE 1Consult
28、 with pipe and appurtenance manufacturer for maximum test pressure for pipe size greater than 30 in. in diameter.PipeDiameter,in.MinimumTime,min:sLengthforMinimumTime, ftTime forLongerLength, sSpecification Time for Length (L) Shown, min:s100 ft 150 ft 200 ft 250 ft 300 ft 350 ft 400 ft 450 ft4 1:53
29、 597 0.190 L 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:536 2:50 398 0.427 L 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:51 3:128 3:47 298 0.760 L 3:47 3:47 3:47 3:47 3:48 4:26 5:04 5:4210 4:43 239 1.187 L 4:43 4:43 4:43 4:57 5:56 6:55 7:54 8:5412 5:40 199 1.709 L 5:40 5:40 5:42 7:08 8:33 9:58 11:24 12:5015 7:05 159
30、2.671 L 7:05 7:05 8:54 11:08 13:21 15:35 17:48 20:0218 8:30 133 3.846 L 8:30 9:37 12:49 16:01 19:14 22:26 25:38 28:5121 9:55 114 5.235 L 9:55 13:05 17:27 21:49 26:11 30:32 34:54 39:1624 11:20 99 6.837 L 11:24 17:57 22:48 28:30 34:11 39:53 45:35 51:1727 12:45 88 8.653 L 14:25 21:38 28:51 36:04 43:16
31、50:30 57:42 64:5430 14:10 80 10.683 L 17:48 26:43 35:37 44:31 53:25 62:19 71:13 80:0733 15:35 72 12.926 L 21:33 32:19 43:56 53:52 64:38 75:24 86:10 96:5736 17:00 66 15.384 L 25:39 38:28 51:17 64:06 76:55 89:44 102:34 115:23F 1417 92 (2005)2blow-out. One of the plugs or caps should have an inlet tap,
32、 orother provision for connecting a hose to a portable air controlsource.8.1.2 Connect the air hose to the inlet tap and portable aircontrol source. The air equipment shall consist of necessaryvalves and pressure gages to control an oil-free air source andthe rate at which air flows into the test se
33、ction to enablemonitoring of the air pressure within the test section.8.1.3 Add air slowly to the test section until the pressureinside the pipe reaches 4.0 psig.8.1.4 After the pressure of 4.0 psig is obtained, regulate theair supply so that the pressure is maintained between 3.5 to 4.0psig for at
34、least 2 min depending on air/ground temperatureconditions. The air temperature should stabilize in equilibriumwith the temperature of the pipe walls. The pressure willnormally drop slightly until equilibrium is obtained; however,a minimum of 3.5 psig is required.8.2 Determine the rate of air loss by
35、 either the constantpressure method or the time-pressure drop method.NOTE 3All test pressures are measured as gage pressure, which is anypressure greater than atmospheric pressure. Since water produces apressure of 0.43 psi for every foot of depth, air test pressures must beincreased to offset the d
36、epth of ground water over the sewer line. If theground water level is 2 ft or more above the top of the pipe at the upstreamend, or if the air pressure required for the test is greater than 9-psi gage,the air test method should not be used. Before the air test method is used,the ground water level s
37、hould be lowered by pumping or dewatering.8.2.1 Constant Pressure MethodAdd air until the internalair pressure of the sewer line is raised to 4.0 psig and the testpipe section is stabilized as in 8.1. Release the pressure to 3.5psig to run the constant pressure test. The air-flow rate instandard cub
38、ic feet per minute is read directly by a rotameter.Convert this air-flow rate to actual cubic feet per minute of airleaking from the test section by using the absolute pressure andtemperature in the test section. The requirements for air lossunder the constant pressure method shall be considered sat
39、is-fied if the air loss does not exceed the specified leakage rate incubic feet per minute per square foot of internal pipe surfacearea.8.2.2 Time-Pressure Drop MethodAir is slowly intro-duced into the section of pipe to be tested, until the air pressureis raised to approximately 4.0 psi and the tes
40、t pipe section isstabilized as in 8.1. Disconnect the air supply and decrease thepressure to 3.5 psi before starting the test. Determine the timerequired for the pressure to drop from 3.5 psi to 2.5 psi, andcompare this interval to the required time to decide if the rateof air loss is within the all
41、owable. Minimum holding timesrequired by pipe diameter are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.NOTE 4The time-pressure drop method assumes an atmosphericpressure of 14.7 psia. Locations of high altitude need compensation forvariation in atmospheric pressure to maintain the same air leakage testcriteria.8.3
42、 Upon completion of the test, open the bleeder valve andallow all air to escape. Plugs should not be removed until all airpressure in the test section has been reduced to atmosphericpressure.9. Test Time Calculations9.1 Test Time CriteriaNo test section shall be accepted ifair loss is more than a sp
43、ecified leakage rate (in cubic feet perminute per square foot) determined by the approving authority.9.2 Calculate all test times by the following formula:T 5 0.085 DK/Qwhere:T = shortest time allowed for the air pressure to drop 1.0psig, s,K = 0.000419 DL but not less than 1.0,Q = leak rate in cubi
44、c feet/minute/square feet of internalsurface = 0.0015 CFM/SF,D = measured average inside diameter of sewer pipe (seeTest Method D 2122 and Practice D 3567), in., andL = length of test section, ft.Table 1 contains the specified minimum times required for a1.00 psig pressure drop from a starting press
45、ure of 3.5 psig toa final pressure of 2.5 psig using a leakage rate of 0.0015ft3/min/ft2of internal surface.9.3 The total leakage from any test section shall not exceed625Q.9.4 If the pressure drops 1.0 psig before the appropriate timeshown in Table 1 has elapsed, the air loss rate shall beconsidere
46、d excessive and the section of pipe has failed the test.If the line fails the test, segmented testing may be utilizedsolely to find the location of leaks. Once leaks are located andrepaired, retest the completed pipe installation to requirementsof this test method.9.5 For testing of long sections or
47、 sections of larger diam-eter pipes, or both, a timed-pressure drop of 0.5 psig shall beused in lieu of a 1.0 psig timed-pressure drop. If a 0.5 psigpressure drop is used, the appropriate required test time shallbe exactly one-half the values shown in Table 1. (See Table 2.)NOTE 5It is not necessary
48、 to hold the test for the entire period of timein Table 1 or Table 2 when it is evident that the rate of air loss is zero orless than the allowable, and is authorized by the approving authority.9.6 If lateral or service lines are included in the test, theirlength may be ignored for computing require
49、d test time if thetest time requirements are met. The maximum permissible airloss should not exceed 625Q. If the test section fails, time shallbe recomputed to include all the lateral lengths using thefollowing formula:T 5 0.085 FD12L11 D22L21 .1 Dn2LnD1L11 D2L21 .1 DnLnGKQwhere:T = shortest time allowed for the air pressure todrop 1.0 psig, s,K = 0.000419 (D1L1+ D2L2+.+DnLn), butnot less than 1.0,Q = 0.0015 CFM/SF,D1,D2, etc. = nominal diameter of different size of pipebeing tested, andL1,L2, etc. = respective lengths of the different sizepipes being tested.F 1417 92
