1、Designation: F1417 11aAn American National StandardStandard Practice forInstallation Acceptance of Plastic Non-pressure Sewer LinesUsing Low-Pressure Air1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice provides procedures for testing non-pressure plastic pipe sew
3、er lines, using low-pressure air toprove the integrity of the installed material and the constructionprocedures. Two procedures are included to find the rate of airleakagethe constant-pressure method and the time-pressuredrop method.1.2 This practice is performed on lines after all connectionsand se
4、rvice laterals have been plugged and braced adequatelyto withstand the test pressure. The time between completion ofthe backfill operation and low-pressure air testing may bespecified by the approving authority.1.3 This practice is used as a preliminary test, which enablesthe installer to show the c
5、ondition of a buried line prior to finalbackfill, paving, and other construction activities.1.4 This practice is applicable to all non-pressure sewerlines made of thermoplastic pipe, reinforced thermosettingresin (RTRP) pipe, and reinforced plastic mortar (RPM) pipe,defined in Terminology D883, D160
6、0, and F412.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,
7、if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Sta
8、ndards:2C828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of VitrifiedClay Pipe LinesC924 Practice for Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines byLow-Pressure Air Test MethodD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions
9、 of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiber-glass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipeand FittingsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association Standard:UNI-B-6 Recommended Practice for Low-Pressure AirT
10、esting of Installed Sewer Pipe33. Summary of Practice3.1 The section of the line to be tested is plugged.Air, at lowpressure, is introduced into the plugged line. The line passesthe test if the rate of air leakage, as measured by a constant-pressure method or a time-pressure drop method. The rate of
11、air leakage may be determined by using Table 1 or Table 2,orcalculated by use of the equations in Section 9.4. Significance and Use4.1 This low-pressure air testing practice detects damagedpiping or improper jointing by measuring the rate at which airunder pressure escapes from an isolated section o
12、f sewer.4.2 The rate of air loss indicates the presence or absence ofdamaged piping or leaking joints. This practice is not intendedto show total system water leakage limits and shall not be usedas a quantitative measure of leakage under service conditionsfor infiltration or exfiltration.NOTE 1A fin
13、ding of acceptable air loss specified in this practice canbe interpreted as an installation acceptance test in lieu of infiltration orexfiltration testing.4.3 This practice provides assurance of initial condition andquality of workmanship of properly-installed sewer pipe.5. Apparatus5.1 PlugsMechani
14、cal or pneumatic type.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2
15、011 as F141711. DOI:10.1520/F1417-11A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Uni-Bel
16、l PVC Pipe Association, Suite 155, 2655 Villa CreekDrive, Dallas, TX 75234.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Air CompressorA properly calibrated port
17、able, oil-free air source with a singular control panel containing a mainshut-off valve, pressure-regulating valve, 9 psig pressure-reliefvalve, input pressure gauge, and a continuous monitoringpressure gauge having a pressure range from 0 psi to at least 10psi with minimum divisions of 0.10 psi and
18、 an accuracy of 60.04 psi.5.3 Rotameter, standard CFM reading with an accuracy of6 2%.5.4 Time measuring equipmentAstopwatch or watch witha second hand or digital readout in minutes and seconds withan accuracy of 0.1.s.6. Safety Precautions6.1 This low-pressure air testing practice may be dangeroust
19、o personnel if, through lack of understanding or carelessness,a line is over-pressurized or plugs/caps are installed or re-strained improperly. It is extremely important that the variousplugs be properly installed, restrained and braced to prevent thesudden expulsion of a poorly installed or partial
20、ly inflated plug.Observe the following minimum safety precautions:6.1.1 During testing, no one shall be allowed in manholes orin the possible path of a suddenly expelled cap or plug.6.1.2 Install and restrain all caps and plugs securely.6.1.3 When lines are tested, it is mandatory that all the capsa
21、nd plugs shall be braced as an added safety factor.6.1.4 Do not over-pressurize the lines. Do not exceed 9.0psig.NOTE 2The axial force on a plug at 9 psig internal pressure isF=Pp D2/4 lb, where D is the inside diameter in inches. For example, the axialforce on an 30-in. plug at 9.0 psig maximum all
22、owable pressure is over 6TABLE 1 Minimum Time for a 1.0 psig Pressure Drop for Size and Length of Pipe for Q = 0.0015NOTE 1See Practice UNI-B-6.NOTE 2Consult with pipe and appurtenance manufacturer for maximum test pressure for pipe size greater than 30 in. in diameter.PipeDiameter,in.MinimumTime,mi
23、n:sLengthforMinimumTime, ftTime forLongerLength, sSpecification Time for Length (L) Shown, min:s100 ft 150 ft 200 ft 250 ft 300 ft 350 ft 400 ft 450 ft4 3:46 597 0.380 L 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:466 5:40 398 0.854 L 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:42 6:248 7:34 298 1.520 L 7:34 7:34 7:34
24、 7:34 7:36 8:52 10:08 11:2410 9:26 239 2.374 L 9:26 9:26 9:26 9:53 11:52 13:51 15:49 17:4812 11:20 199 3.418 L 11:20 11:20 11:24 14:15 17:05 19:56 22:47 25:3815 14:10 159 5.342 L 14:10 14:10 17:48 22:15 26:42 31:09 35:36 40:0418 17:00 133 7.692 L 17:00 19:13 25:38 32:03 38:27 44:52 51:16 57:4121 19:
25、50 114 10.470 L 19:50 26:10 34:54 43:37 52:21 61:00 69:48 78:3124 22:40 99 13.674 L 22:47 34:11 45:34 56:58 68:22 79:46 91:10 102:3327 25:30 88 17.306 L 28:51 43:16 57:41 72:07 86:32 100:57 115:22 129:4830 28:20 80 21.366 L 35:37 53:25 71:13 89:02 106:50 124:38 142:26 160:1533 31:10 72 25.852 L 43:0
26、5 64:38 86:10 107:43 129:16 150:43 172:21 193:5336 34:00 66 30.768 L 51:17 76:55 102:34 128:12 153:50 179:29 205:07 230:4642 39:48 57 41.883 L 69:48 104:42 139:37 174:30 209:24 244:19 279:13 314:0748 45:34 50 54.705 L 91:10 136:45 182:21 227:55 273:31 319:06 364:42 410:1754 51:02 44 69.236 L 115:24
27、173:05 230:47 288:29 346:11 403:53 461:34 519:1660 56:40 40 85.476 L 142:28 213:41 284:55 356:09 427:23 498:37 569:50 641:04TABLE 2 Minimum Time for a 0.5 psig Pressure Drop for Size and Length of Pipe for Q = 0.0015NOTE 1Consult with pipe and appurtenance manufacturer for maximum test pressure for
28、pipe size greater than 30 in. in diameter.PipeDiameter,in.MinimumTime,min:sLengthforMinimumTime, ftTime forLongerLength, sSpecification Time for Length (L) Shown, min:s100 ft 150 ft 200 ft 250 ft 300 ft 350 ft 400 ft 450 ft4 1:53 597 0.190 L 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:536 2:50 398 0.427 L
29、2:50 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:51 3:128 3:47 298 0.760 L 3:47 3:47 3:47 3:47 3:48 4:26 5:04 5:4210 4:43 239 1.187 L 4:43 4:43 4:43 4:57 5:56 6:55 7:54 8:5412 5:40 199 1.709 L 5:40 5:40 5:42 7:08 8:33 9:58 11:24 12:5015 7:05 159 2.671 L 7:05 7:05 8:54 11:08 13:21 15:35 17:48 20:0218 8:30 133 3.846 L
30、 8:30 9:37 12:49 16:01 19:14 22:26 25:38 28:5121 9:55 114 5.235 L 9:55 13:05 17:27 21:49 26:11 30:32 34:54 39:1624 11:20 99 6.837 L 11:24 17:57 22:48 28:30 34:11 39:53 45:35 51:1727 12:45 88 8.653 L 14:25 21:38 28:51 36:04 43:16 50:30 57:42 64:5430 14:10 80 10.683 L 17:48 26:43 35:37 44:31 53:25 62:
31、19 71:13 80:0733 15:35 72 12.926 L 21:33 32:19 43:56 53:52 64:38 75:24 86:10 96:5736 17:00 66 15.384 L 25:39 38:28 51:17 64:06 76:55 89:44 102:34 115:2342 19:54 57 20.942 L 34:54 52:21 69:49 87:15 104:42 122:10 139:37 157:0448 22:47 50 27.352 L 45:35 68:23 91:11 113:58 136:46 159:33 182:21 205:0954
32、25:31 44 34.618 L 57:42 86:33 115:24 144:15 173:05 201:56 230:47 259:3860 28:20 40 42.738 L 71:14 106:51 142:28 178:05 213:41 249:18 284:55 320:32F1417 11a2300 lb. Restraint systems must be designed to handle these forces withadequate safety factors. Every effort should be made to maintain backfillo
33、ver the pipe during air testing.6.1.5 Aregulator or relief valve set no higher than 9 psi shallbe included on all pressurizing equipment.7. Preparation of the Line7.1 Clean the section of sewer line to be tested by flushingor other means prior to conducting the low-pressure air test.This cleaning se
34、rves to eliminate debris and produce consistentresults.8. Procedures8.1 Isolate the section of sewer line to be tested by inflatablestoppers or other suitable test plugs or caps.8.1.1 The ends of all branches, laterals, tees, wyes, and stubsincluded in the test section shall be plugged or capped top
35、revent air leakage.All plugs and caps shall be securely bracedto prevent blow-out. One of the plugs or caps shall have aninlet tap, or other provision for connecting an air hose to aportable air control source.8.1.2 Connect the air hose to the inlet tap and to the portableair source and control equi
36、pment. The air equipment shallconsist of necessary valves and pressure gages to control anoil-free air source, to control the rate at which air flows into thetest section, and to enable monitoring of the air pressure withinthe test section.8.1.3 Add air slowly to the test section until the pressurei
37、nside the test section reaches 4.0 psig.8.1.4 After the pressure of 4.0 psig is obtained, regulate theair supply so that the pressure is maintained between 3.5 to 4.0psig for at least 2 min. Depending on air/ground temperatureconditions, the internal air temperature will stabilize in equi-librium wi
38、th the temperature of the pipe walls. The pressurewill normally drop slightly until equilibrium is obtained;however, a minimum of 3.5 psig is required.8.2 After equilibrium is obtained, determine the rate of airloss by either the constant pressure method or the time-pressuredrop method.NOTE 3All tes
39、t pressures are measured as gauge pressure, which isany pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. Since water produces apressure of 0.43 psi for every foot of depth, air test pressures must beincreased to offset the depth of ground water over the sewer line. If theground water level is 2 ft or mor
40、e above the top of the pipe at the upstreamend, or if the air pressure required for the test is greater than 9-psi gauge,this air testing practice should not be used. Before this air testing practiceis used, the ground water level should be lowered by pumping ordewatering.8.2.1 Constant Pressure Met
41、hodAdd air until the internalair pressure of the test section is raised to 4.0 psig and the testsection is stabilized as in 8.1. Reduce pressure to 3.5 psig torun the constant pressure test. The air-flow rate in standardcubic feet per minute is read directly by a rotameter. Convertthis air-flow rate
42、 to actual cubic feet per minute of air leakingfrom the test section by using the absolute pressure andtemperature in the test section. The requirements for air lossunder the constant pressure method shall be considered satis-fied if the air loss does not exceed the specified leakage rate incubic fe
43、et per minute per square foot of internal pipe surfacearea.8.2.2 Time-Pressure Drop MethodAir is slowly intro-duced into the test section, until the air pressure is raised toapproximately 4.0 psi and the test section is stabilized as in 8.1.Disconnect the air supply and decrease the pressure to 3.5
44、psibefore starting the test. Determine pressure drap time per8.2.2.1 and 8.2.2.28.2.2.1 1.0 psig pressure dropDetermine the time re-quired for the pressure to drop from 3.5 psi to 2.5 psi, andcompare this interval to the minimum time for the pipediameter and the length per Table 1. If the rate of ai
45、r loss isgreater than or equal to the minimum time for the pipe diameterand length per Table 1, the installation is acceptable.8.2.2.2 0.5 psig pressure dropDetermine the time re-quired for the pressure to drop from 3.5 psi to 3.0 psi, andcompare this interval to the minimum time for the pipediamete
46、r and length per Table 2. If the rate of air loss is greaterthan or equal to the minimum time for the pipe diameter andlength per Table 2, the installation is acceptable.NOTE 4The time-pressure drop method assumes an atmosphericpressure of 14.7 psia. Locations of high altitude need compensation forv
47、ariation in atmospheric pressure to maintain the same air leakage testcriteria.8.3 Upon completion of the test, open the bleeder valve andallow all air to escape. Caps and plugs shall not be removeduntil all air pressure in the test section has been reduced toatmospheric pressure.9. Test Time Calcul
48、ations9.1 Test Time CriteriaNo test section shall be accepted ifair loss is more than a specified leakage rate (in cubic feet perminute per square foot) determined by the approving authority.9.2 Calculate all test times by the following equation:T 5 0.085 DK/Qwhere:T = shortest time allowed for the
49、air pressure to drop 1.0psig, s,K = 0.000419 DL but not less than 1.0,Q = leak rate in cubic feet/minute/square feet of internalsurface = 0.0015 CFM/SF,D = measured average inside diameter of sewer pipe (seeTest Method D2122 and Practice D3567), in., andL = length of test section, ft.Table 1 contains the specified minimum times required for a1.00 psig pressure drop from a starting pressure of 3.5 psig toa final pressure of 2.5 psig using a leakage rate of 0.0015ft3/min/ft2of internal surface.9.3 The total leakage from any test section shall not exceed625Q.9.4 If the p
