1、Designation: F 1454 99 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forComparing Correctable Film Ribbons1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides information and techniques forevaluating performance qualities of a correctable film ribbon. Itcan be used to
3、 evaluate typewriter ribbons for general officeuse.1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are tobe regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesesare for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us
4、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD 882 Te
5、st Methods for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD 3460 Specification for White Watermarked, Unwater-marked Bond, Mimeograph, Duplicator, and ZerographicCut-Sized Office PapersF 497 Practice for Use of the Electric and Electronic Type-writer as a Test InstrumentF 1050 Test Method for Determi
6、ning Winding Torque andTension of Typewriter RibbonsF 1125 Terminology of Image Quality in Impact PrintingSystemsF 1174 Practice for Using a Personal Computer as a TestInstrumentF 1443 Practice for Using 0.008-in. (0.023-mm) ApertureReflectometers as Test Instruments for Measuring VisualImage Qualit
7、y of Business Copy Images3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor terms that are used in this practice, seeTerminology F 1125.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice covers testing for physical properties ofcorrectable film ribbons, performance testing of correctablefilm ribbons under actual and simulated c
8、onditions on type-writers, and using the results to determine a comparative rating.All sample ribbons and supplies should be conditioned andtested under identical conditions in order to obtain comparativeresults.4.2 All sample ribbons may be tested and compared withknown control ribbons, a previous
9、set of data, or an establishedstandard.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice should be used to evaluate performancequalities of correctable film ribbons on a comparative basisunder actual and simulated conditions.5.2 This practice is suitable for comparative service evalu-ation, research, and dev
10、elopment. It may also be used formanufacturing quality control.5.3 Users may choose any one test, a series of tests, or alltests, depending on their needs and interests in determining thedifferent characteristics of correctable film ribbons.6. General Considerations6.1 The following statements addre
11、ss some concerns aboutquality of the product. Although a complete list is not provided,the user must make the final determination of performancecriteria factors and level at which each factor impacts theparticular analysis.6.2 Visual InspectionInspect the ribbon for a smooth,uniform coating (on the
12、appropriate film base) free of folds,wrinkles, splices, blisters, uncoated areas, cracks, contamina-tion, and other detrimental defects that would make the ribbonunfit for its intended purpose. Examine for a smoothly slitstraight edge and proper winding without ragged and nickededges.1This practice
13、is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.02 on InkedRibbons and Carbon Paper.Current edition approved July 10, 1999. Published September 1999. Originallypublished as F 1454 - 94. Last previous edition F 1454 94.2
14、For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
15、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 Ribbon Winding Examine and report telescoping orlayer slippage that may have occurred in handling of the woundand assembled ribbon cartridges.6.4 Ribbon Cassette Design and performance of a ribboncassette may be compared to a control product o
16、r otherestablished standard. Inspect the cassette for dirt, oil, or anyother type of debris that may cause functional or aestheticproblems.7. Apparatus and Materials7.1 Electronic Typewriter or Printer, capable of being set upin accordance with Practice F 497.7.2 Microdensitometer or Reflectance Met
17、er, equipped witha 0.008-in. (0.203-mm) aperture and grid pattern in accordancewith Practice F 1443.7.3 Environmental Chamber, capable of maintaining 120 62.0F (49 6 0.16C) for 48 h at a relative humidity of 50 62%.7.4 Type Font, capable of producing a printed image with astroke width exceeding 0.00
18、8 in. (0.203 mm).7.5 Paper, which may be the grade normally used in thefacility conducting the test or the grade conforming withSpecification D 3460, Grade 1 or 4, Type I Bond, Basis 20 or24 lb (9 or 11 kg).8. Conditioning8.1 The test specimen, equipment, and paper should beconditioned in accordance
19、 with Practice D 685.9. Test Methods9.1 WeightFrom positions approximately 50 ft (15 m)apart on the ribbon spool, cut five 1 m 6 1-mm lengths.Determine weight of each to 0.001 g and report the average.9.2 Base Thickness Using the five samples from theribbon weight test, remove the entire coating wit
20、h a suitablesolvent, air dry, and measure the thickness in two places foreach sample. Report the average thickness to 0.0001 in.(0.0025 mm) or better.9.3 Tensile Properties:9.3.1 This test is in accordance with Test Methods D 882,using the following conditions:9.3.1.1 Sample Dimensions6.0 in. (152 m
21、m) long.9.3.1.2 Cross Head Speed 20.00 in. (508 mm)/min.9.3.1.3 Chart Speed 5.00 in. (127 mm)/min.9.3.1.4 Jaw Separation 2.00 in. (51 mm).9.3.2 Report the following:9.3.2.1 Ribbon/leader/trailer tensile strength at yield,9.3.2.2 Ribbon/leader/trailer tensile strength at break, and9.3.2.3 Ribbon/lead
22、er/trailer percent elongation at yield andbreak.9.4 Ribbon Dimensions:9.4.1 Measure the ribbon width, length, and pancake diam-eter by means of tape measure and calipers.9.4.2 Measure the leader/trailer width and length by meansof tape measure and calipers.9.5 Visual Reflectance of Image:9.5.1 Appar
23、atus:9.5.1.1 Typewriter or Printer, to be used as a test instrumentset to manufacturers specifications.9.5.1.2 Model 082 Clearwave Optical Character Tester3orequivalent equipment, set to visual reflectance.9.5.1.3 Type Font, of style and size desired, set at mediumimpression.9.5.1.4 Typing Paper, of
24、 the style and type desired.9.5.1.5 Test Conditions506 2 % relative humidity and73 6 2F (236 0.16C).9.5.2 Procedure:9.5.2.1 Turn on the Clearview Model 082 or equivalentinstrument, and allow it to stabilize for at least12 h. Zero themachine in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.Place cal
25、ibration chip BaSO4over viewing aperture port andadjust calibration to 100 %.9.5.2.2 Using the capital “I,” type 50 characters in a row,randomly select five of the “I”s, and determine an averagereading for each character by the following method. Measurereflectance along the center of the vertical po
26、rtion of the “I” atfour equidistant points. These points should include both topand bottom cross bars of the character and two equidistantpoints in between.9.5.2.3 When measuring visual reflectance, ensure that thecenter circle of the instrument is centered in the vertical portionof the character. I
27、f the circle is misaligned, the measurementwill be erroneous.9.5.2.4 Record the data points and determine the averages.9.6 Edge Definition:9.6.1 Apparatus:9.6.1.1 Model 082 Clearview Optical Character Tester,orequivalent equipment, set to visual reflectance.9.6.1.2 Test Conditions506 2 % relative hu
28、midity and73 6 2F (23 6 0.16C).9.6.2 Procedure:9.6.2.1 Using the 50 capital “I”s from the visual reflectancetest, view them using Practice F 1443. Measure the peak-to-valley distance on the left-hand side of the character. Count onedefect for each character having any peak-to-valley distanceexceedin
29、g 0.004 in. (0.102 mm) in the vertical portion of thecharacter.9.6.2.2 Record the data.9.7 Line Spread:9.7.1 Apparatus:9.7.1.1 Model 082 Clearview Optical Character Tester,orequivalent equipment, set to visual reflectance.9.7.1.2 Test Conditions506 2 % relative humidity and73 6 2F (236 0.16C).9.7.2
30、ProcedureUsing the capital “I”s from the visualreflectance test, determine the average print character widthfrom the vertical portion of the character by using PracticeF 1443. Measure five of the “I”s and compute the average printcharacter width. Measure the actual character (font width) ofthe “I” f
31、rom the type font. Compute and record line spread, asa function of average print character width minus actualcharacter width, divided by actual character width, times100 %.average print character width!2 (1)3Formely manufactured by Moore, this tester is currently available fromClearwave, Inc., 8701
32、Buffalo Ave., Niagara Falls, NY 14304.F 1454 99 (2003)2Line spread 5actual character width!actual character width3 100 %9.8 Fill-Ins:9.8.1 Apparatus:9.8.1.1 Typewriter or Printer, to be used as a test instrumentset to manufacturers specifications.9.8.1.2 Type Font, of the style and size desired, set
33、 atmedium impression.9.8.1.3 Model 082 Clearview Optical Character Tester,orequivalent equipment, set to visual reflectance.9.8.1.4 Typing Paper, of style and type desired.9.8.1.5 Test Conditions506 2 % relative humidity and73 6 2F (23 6 0.16C).9.8.2 ProcedureType one row of 50 characters using thep
34、ercent symbol, thus yielding 100 circles. Count the number ofcomplete or partial fill-ins, and calculate the percent of fill-insbased on those of the 100 circles that are filled in, and recordthe data.9.9 Extraneous Inks and Spatter:9.9.1 Apparatus:9.9.1.1 Typewriter or Printer, to be used as a test
35、 instrumentset to manufacturers specifications.9.9.1.2 Type Font, of style and size desired, set at maximumimpression.9.9.1.3 Model 082 Clearview Optical Character Tester,orequivalent equipment, set to visual reflectance.9.9.1.4 Typing Paper, of style and type desired.9.9.1.5 Test Conditions506 2 %
36、relative humidity and73 6 2F (23 6 0.16C).9.9.2 ProcedureType four rows of 25 lower case “h”s,double spaced at maximum hammer pressure, and count withthe small area densitometer the number of spots 0.004 by 0.004in. (0.102 by 0.102 mm) or larger that appear within thecharacter field that are not par
37、t of a character. The characterfield is defined as the rectangle formed by linking the outer-most edges of the “h”s.9.10 Voids and Broken Characters:9.10.1 Apparatus:9.10.1.1 Typewriter or Printer, to be used as a test instru-ment set to manufacturers specifications.9.10.1.2 Type Font, of style and
38、size desired, set at mediumimpression.9.10.1.3 Model 082 Clearview Optical Character Tester,orequivalent equipment, set to visual reflectance.9.10.1.4 Typing Paper, of style and type desired.9.10.1.5 Test Conditions506 2 % relative humidity and73 6 2F (23 6 0.16C).9.10.2 Procedure:9.10.2.1 Type four
39、 rows of 25 capital “M”s double spaced.Count the number of voids within the characters, using theClearview Optical Character Tester or equivalent instrument.9.10.2.2 A void is a break or open space, measuring 0.004by 0.004 in. (0.102 by 0.102 mm) or greater, in a part of a typedcharacter that is nor
40、mally filled in. Count only one void percharacter. Report the number of voids as a percent of the totalnumber of characters.9.11 Lift-Off Reflectance:9.11.1 Apparatus:9.11.1.1 Typewriter or Printer, to be used as a test instru-ment set to manufacturers specifications.9.11.1.2 Type Font, of style and
41、 size desired, set at mediumimpression.9.11.1.3 Model 082 Clearview Optical Character Tester,orequivalent equipment, set to visual reflectance.9.11.1.4 Typing Paper, of style and type desired.9.11.1.5 Test Conditions506 2 % relative humidity and73 6 2F (23 6 0.16C).9.11.1.6 Correction Tape, of a typ
42、e designed for the ma-chine by the respective ribbon manufacturer.9.11.2 Procedure:9.11.2.1 Type ten lower case “o”s, and correct nine of themusing the automatic correction system of the typewriter andappropriate correction tape. Randomly select five of the cor-rected letters to measure.9.11.2.2 Usi
43、ng the Clearview 082 Optical Character Tester,calibrate the system as in 9.5.2.1.9.11.2.3 Measure reflectance of the corrected “o”s in fourareas spaced 90 apart around the “o” (see Fig. 1).9.11.2.4 The averaged result of the 20 readings should becompared to control ribbon results or other establishe
44、d data.Ignore any misregistrations.9.12 Accelerated Aging:9.12.1 Apparatus:9.12.1.1 Typewriter or Printer, to be used as a test instru-ment set to manufacturers specifications.9.12.1.2 Type Font, of style and size desired, set at mediumimpression.9.12.1.3 Model 082 Clearview Optical Character Tester
45、,orequivalent equipment, set to visual reflectance.9.12.1.4 Typing Paper, of style and type desired.9.12.1.5 Environmental Chamber, capable of maintaining1206 5F (49 6 0.18C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for24 h.9.12.2 ProcedureSelect a sample of test and controlribbons, and place these ribbons in
46、 the chamber at the statedconditions for 24 h. Remove them and allow them to recondi-tion to laboratory conditions for at least 5 h. Recheck thecaliper, tensile/yield strength, and ribbon weight, and comparethese values to the test results that were achieved beforeheating. Also conduct a functional
47、print test on the ribbons (see9.5-9.11 and 9.13) to determine whether there is any degrada-tion in print quality.9.13 Smudge (Abrasion):9.13.1 Apparatus:9.13.1.1 Typewriter or Printer, to be used as a test instru-ment set to manufacturers specifications.9.13.1.2 Type Font, of style and size desired,
48、 set at mediumhammer pressure.9.13.1.3 Model 082 Clearview Optical Character Tester orMicrodensitometer, set to visual reflectance.FIG. 1 Measuring Reflectance of the Corrected “os”F 1454 99 (2003)39.13.1.4 Typing Paper, of style and type desired.9.13.1.5 Sutherland Ink Rub Tester4U.S. Patent No.2,7
49、34,375.9.13.1.6 Buehler Polishing Cloth No. 4C-7228.9.13.2 Procedure:9.13.2.1 Type six rows of “I”s with 30 characters in eachrow.9.13.2.2 Place the section of paper with the typed “I”sfacing up onto the metal base plate of the rub tester. The sectionshould be held firmly in place directly under the center swingof the weighted arm.9.13.2.3 Tape two 1 by 2-in. (25 by 51-mm) pieces of18 in.(3.18-mm) polyurethane foam to each end of the bottom of the4-lb (1.8-kg) weight of the rub tester. Adhere two 1 by 2-in. (25by 51-mm) pieces o
