1、Designation: F 1466 99 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Specification forIron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Metal-to-Ceramic SealingApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1466; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel-cobalt alloys,the former, (UNS No. K94630), containin
3、g nominally 29 %nickel, 17 % cobalt, and 53 % iron, the latter, (UNS No.K94620), nominally 27 % nickel, 25 % cobalt and 48 % iron,in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing, intendedprimarily for brazed metal-to-ceramic seals with aluminaceramics, for vacuum electronic applications. Un
4、less otherwiseindicated, all articles apply to both alloys.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the testmethod portion, Sections 14 and 16 of this specific
5、ation. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced D
6、ocuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1971 Practices for Digestion of Samples for Determina-tion of Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption or PlasmaEmission SpectroscopyE3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hard
7、ness and RockwellSuperficial Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE45 Practice for Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteelE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate-rialsE112 Test Methods for Dete
8、rmining Average Grain SizeE 140 Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for MetalsE 228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials with a Vitreous Silica DilatometerE 354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic and Other Similar Iron,Nickel and Cobalt
9、 AlloysE 1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen in Steel and in Iron,Nickel and Cobalt AlloysE 1060 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Spectro-chemical Methods of Analysis3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall i
10、ncludethe following information:3.1.1 Alloy, as indicated with UNS number,3.1.2 Size,3.1.3 Temper designation (Section 6),3.1.4 Surface finish (Section 10),3.1.5 Marking and packaging (Section 19), and3.1.6 Certification, if required. Please note that certificationshould include traceability of the
11、heat to the original manufac-turer.4. Chemical Requirements4.1 Each alloy shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.5. Surface Lubricants5.1 All lubricants used during cold-working operations,such as drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of beingremo
12、ved readily by any of the common organic degreasingsolvents.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 onElectronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on MetallicMaterials.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved
13、 in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 146699.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.
14、1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Temper6.1 The desired temper of the material shall be specified inthe purchase order.6.2 TubeUnless otherwise agreed upon between the sup-plier or the manufacturer and the purchaser,
15、 these forms shallbe given a final bright anneal by the manufacturer and suppliedin the annealed temper.6.3 Strip and SheetThese forms shall be supplied in oneof the tempers given in Table 2 or in deep-drawing temper, asspecified.6.4 Wire and RodThese forms shall be supplied in one ofthe tempers giv
16、en in Table 3 as specified. Unless otherwisespecified, the material shall be bright annealed and supplied inTemper A (annealed).NOTE 1For rod forms, air anneal, followed by centerless grinding toremove scale, is an acceptable alternate.7. Grain Size7.1 Strip and sheet for deep drawing shall have an
17、averagegrain size not larger than ASTM No. 5 (Note 2), and no morethan 10 % of the grains shall be larger than No. 5 whenmeasured in accordance with Test Methods E112.NOTE 2This corresponds to a grain size of 0.065 mm, or 16grains/in.2of image at 1003.7.2 Finer grain sizes for deep drawing quality s
18、hall benegotiated between user and supplier.8. Hardness8.1 Deep-Drawing TemperFor deep drawing, the hard-ness shall not exceed 82 HRB for material 0.100 in. (2.54 mm)and less in thickness, and 85 HRB for material over 0.100 in.in thickness when determined in accordance with Test MethodsE18. See also
19、 Test Method E92for Vickers Hardness Testingand tables in E 140.8.2 Rolled and Annealed TempersHardness tests whenproperly applied can be indicative of tensile strength. Hardnessscales and ranges for these tempers, if desirable, shall benegotiated between supplier and purchaser.9. Tensile Strength9.
20、1 Strip and Sheet:9.1.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance orrejection for the tempers given in Table 2 and shall conformwith the requirements prescribed.9.1.2 Tension test specimens shall be taken so the longitu-dinal axis is parallel to the direction of rolling and the test shallbe
21、 performed in accordance with Test Methods E8.9.2 Wire and Rod:9.2.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance orrejection for the tempers given in Table 3 and shall conform tothe requirements prescribed.9.2.2 The test shall be performed in accordance with TestMethods E8.10. Surface Finish1
22、0.1 The standard surface finishes available shall be thoseresulting from the following operations:10.1.1 Hot rolling,10.1.2 Forging,10.1.3 Centerless grinding (rod),10.1.4 Belt polishing,10.1.5 Cold rolling, and10.1.6 Wire and rod drawing.11. Inclusion Content11.1 Wire, Rod, Bar, Strip and SheetThes
23、e product formsshall be free of inclusions, cracks, blow holes and other defectsthat are detrimental to the quality of subsequent product. Themaximum inclusion rating number shall be 2 for InclusionTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsNOTE 1Round observed or calculated values to the nearest unit in thelast
24、right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, inaccordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.Element UNS No. K94630 UNS No. K94620Iron, nominal remainderAremainderANickel, nominal 29A27ACobalt, nominal 17A25AManganese, max 0.35 0.35Silicon, max 0.15 0.15Carbon, max 0.
25、02 0.02Aluminum, max 0.01B0.01BMagnesium, max 0.01B0.01BZirconium, max 0.01B0.01BTitanium, max 0.01B0.01BCopper, max 0.20 0.20Chromium, max 0.03 0.03Molybdenum, max 0.06 0.06Phosphorus, max 0.006C0.006CSulfur, max 0.006C0.006CAThe iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements are nominal and may be adjusted
26、 bythe manufacturer to meet the requirements for the coefficient of thermal expansionas specified in 12.1.BThe total of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium shall not exceed0.04 %.CThe total of phosphorus and sulfur shall not exceed 0.010. %.TABLE 2 Tensile Strength Requirements for Strip an
27、d SheetTemperDesignationTemperNameTensile Strength, ksi (MPa)UNS No. K94630UNS No. K94620(Nominal Values)A annealed 82 max (565 max) 85 max (586 max)B1/4hard 75to90(517to621)85 to 100 (586 to689)C half hard 85 to 100 (586 to689)95 to 110 (655 to758)D3/4 hard 95 to 110 (655 to758)105 to 120 (724 to82
28、7)E hard 100 min (689 min) 120 min (827 min)TABLE 3 Tensile Strength Requirements for Wire and RodTemperDesignationTensile Strength, ksi (MPa)UNS No. K94630UNS No. K94620(Nominal Values)A 85 (586) max 85 (586) maxB 85 to 105 (586 to 724) 85 to 100 (586 to 689)C 95 to 115 (655 to 793) 95 to 110 (655
29、to 758)D 105 to 125 (724 to 862) 105 to 120 (724 to 827)E 125 (862) min 120 (827) minF 1466 99 (2005)2Types, A, B, C and D in both the thin and heavy series shownin Plate I using Practice E45, Method A, Worst-Field Tech-nique.NOTE 3The test for inclusions may be performed on billet sections. Insuch
30、cases, the sample section must include regions that correspond to thetop of the ingot.NOTE 4Product section size information at which the inclusionratings were taken should be included.12. Thermal Expansion Characteristics12.1 The average linear coefficients of thermal expansionshall be within the l
31、imits specified in Table 4.13. Test for Thermal Expansion13.1 Heat the specimen in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for 1h at 1000C. Cool at a rate not to exceed 300C per hour.13.2 Determine the thermal expansion characteristics inaccordance with Test Method E 228.14. Transformation14.1 (UNS No. K94630 on
32、ly) The temperature of thegamma-to-alpha transformation shall be below 78.5C whenthe material is tested in accordance with Section 16. However,for material whose smallest dimension is over78 in. (22.2 mm),some localized transformation, acceptable to the purchaser,may be tolerated.14.2 The temperatur
33、e of the gamma-alpha transformationfor UNS No. K94620 is well below 78.5C. Tests fortransformation in this alloy, if necessary, shall be negotiatedbetween supplier and purchaser.14.3 For alloy UNS No. K94630, consult the nonmandatoryappendix of Specification F 15 for applicable thermal expan-sion in
34、formation based on producer heat data and recom-mended thermal expansion values over a wide range oftemperatures.15. Test for Transformation15.1 Cut the specimen from any part of the material, butpreferably including the entire cross section, degrease it, thenheat treat it as described in 13.1. When
35、 cool, polish the crosssection of the specimen and etch (Note 5) it in accordance withMethods E3. Then subject the specimen to the temperatureproduced by an excess of dry ice in methanol (78.5C) for atleast 4 h. After the low-temperature treatment, examine thespecimen at a magnification of 1503 for
36、the presence of theacicular crystals characteristic of the alpha phase. Becausethese crystals may occur only in small localized areas, examinecarefully the entire polished cross section.NOTE 5A suggested etchant is a solution of three parts by volume ofconcentrated hydrochloric acid and one part of
37、concentrated nitric acidsaturated with cupric chloride (CuCl22H2O). This etchant is moreeffective when allowed to stand for 20 min after mixing. After severalhours it loses its strength and should be discarded at the end of the day.Etching is best accomplished by swabbing the specimen with cottonsoa
38、ked with the etchant. Etching is usually complete when the surface ofthe metal appears to have turned dull.15.2 Specimens that show no transformation and that showpartial transformation are illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,respectively.16. Chemical Analysis16.1 This describes the chemical analysis t
39、echniques to beused in case of dispute. Wherever applicable, the analysisprocedures described in Practices D 1971, Test Methods E 354,E 1019 and Practice E 1060 should be utilized.16.2 Do chemical analysis as follows:16.2.1 Carbon, Sulfur, Combustion method.16.2.2 Aluminum, Chromium, MagnesiumAtomic
40、 absorp-tion method.16.2.3 All Other Elements Shown in Table 1 (excluding Iron,Nickel and Cobalt)Atomic absorption, optical emission orinductively coupled plasma (ICP or ICAP) methods.NOTE 6The iron, nickel and cobalt requirements are nominal (seeTable 1).17. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variat
41、ions17.1 Cold-Rolled StripCold-rolled strip shall conform tothe permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 5,Table 6, and Table 7.17.2 Round Wire and RodWire and rod shall conform tothe permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 8.17.3 Cold-Drawing TubingCold-drawn tubing
42、, availableeither as seamless or welded, shall conform to the permissiblevariations prescribed in Table 9.18. General Requirements18.1 The material supplied under this specification shall becommercially smooth, uniform in cross section, in composi-tion, and in temper; it shall be free of scale, corr
43、osion, cracks,seams, scratches, slivers, and other defects as best commercialpractice will permit.19. Packaging and Package Marking19.1 Packaging shall be subject to agreement between thepurchaser and the seller.19.2 The material as furnished under this specification shallbe identified by the name o
44、r symbol of the manufacturer and byheat number. The lot size for determining compliance with therequirements of this specification shall be one heat.20. Investigation of Claims20.1 Where any material fails to meet the requirements ofthis specification, the material so designated shall be handled ina
45、ccordance with a mutual agreement between the purchaserand the seller.TABLE 4 Coefficients of Thermal ExpansionTemperature Range, CAverage Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion,m/mCUNS No. K94630 UNS No. K94620(Nominal Values)30400 4.605.20 .30450 5.105.50 .30500 . 7.307.9030600 . 8.008.60F 1466 9
46、9 (2005)321. Keywords21.1 control of thermal expansion; iron-nickel-cobalt alloys;metal/ceramic brazing; oxide-forming impurities and inclu-sions; UNS No. K94620; UNS No. K94630; vacuum electronicapplicationsFIG. 1 Normal Annealed Specimen Showing No TransformationFIG. 2 Partially Transformed Specim
47、enF 1466 99 (2005)4TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Cold-Rolled StripSpecified Thickness, in. (mm)Permissible Variations in Thickness for Width Given, 6 in. (mm)Under 3 (76) Over 3 to 6 (76 to 152) Over 6 to 12 (152 to 305) Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406)0.160 0.100 (4.06 2.54), incl 0.002
48、(0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102) 0.004 (0.102)0.099 0.069 (2.51 1.75), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102)0.068 0.050 (1.73 1.27), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076)0.049 0.035 (1.24 0.89), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0
49、.076)0.034 0.029 (0.86 0.74), incl 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.0025 (0.064)0.028 0.026 (0.71 0.66), incl 0.0015 (0.038) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.002 (0.051)0.025 0.020 (0.64 0.51), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.002 (0.051)0.019 0.017 (0.48 0.43), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051)0.016 0.012 (0.41 0.31), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038) 0.0015 (0.038)0.011 0.0101 (0.28 0.26), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.001 (0.025) 0.0015 (0.038
