1、Designation: F 1545 97 (Reapproved 2009)An American National StandardStandard Specification forPlastic-Lined Ferrous Metal Pipe, Fittings, and Flanges1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers factory-made plastic-lined fer-rous metal pipe, fitt
3、ings, and flanges intended primarily forconveying corrosive fluids. Requirements for materials, work-manship, dimensions, design, fabrication, working pressureand temperatures, test methods, qualification requirements, andmarkings are included.1.1.1 This specification does not define the suitability
4、 ofdifferent liner materials to various chemical and operatingenvironments. Refer to the manufacturers chemical resistancedata for suitability recommendations.1.1.2 This specification does not include products coatedwith plastics.1.2 This specification covers plastic-lined pipe, flanges, andfittings
5、 as listed in Table 1. Pressure limitations shall be inaccordance with ANSI/ASME B16 Standards, except reducedpressure limitations may be established by the manufacturer,considering both pressure and temperature limitations of theferrous metal housing and the sealing ability of the liner.NOTE 1In th
6、is specification, propylene plastics cover those materialsdefined as both polypropylene plastics and propylene plastics in Termi-nology F 412. Both materials are identified as “PP” on the product. Notethat this is at variance with Terminology D 1600, where “PP” is theabbreviation for polypropylene.1
7、.3 The plastic-lined flanged pipe and fitting assemblies arelimited to temperatures shown in Table 2. End users shouldconsult with manufacturers as to the likely result of using aparticular lined piping component at temperatures below therated minimum.NOTE 2The temperature limitations are based on n
8、oncorrosive testconditions. Use in specific aggressive environments may alter temperaturelimitations. In such instances, specific temperature limits shall be estab-lished by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas sta
9、ndard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this s
10、tandard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 48/A 48M Specification for Gray Iron CastingsA 53/A 53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated,
11、 Welded and SeamlessA 105/A 105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings forPiping ApplicationsA 106/A 106M Specification for Seamless Carbon SteelPipe for High-Temperature ServiceA 126 Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves,Flanges, and Pipe FittingsA 135 Specification for Electric-Resista
12、nce-Welded SteelPipeA 182/A 182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloyand Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, andValves and Parts for High-Temperature ServiceA 216/A 216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Ser-viceA 234/A 234M Spe
13、cification for Piping Fittings of WroughtCarbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and HighTemperature ServiceA 278/A 278M Specification for Gray Iron Castings forPressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650F(350C)A 312/A 312M Specification for Seamless, Welded, andHeavily Cold Worked Austen
14、itic Stainless Steel PipesA 351/A 351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, forPressure-Containing PartsA 395/A 395M Specification for Ferritic Ductile IronPressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Tempera-tures1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPi
15、ping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.11 onComposite.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 1545 97(2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org
16、, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.A 403/A 403M S
17、pecification for Wrought Austenitic Stain-less Steel Piping FittingsA 513 Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbonand Alloy Steel Mechanical TubingA 536 Specification for Ductile Iron CastingsA 587 Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Low-Carbon Steel Pipe for the Chemical Industr
18、yD 729 Specification for Vinylidene Chloride Molding Com-pounds3D 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD 1457 Specification for Polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE)Molding and Extrusion Materials3D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the D
19、ensity-Gradient TechniqueD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD2116 Specification for FEP-Fluorocarbon Molding andExtrusion MaterialsD 3159 Specification for Modified ETFE-FluoropolymerMolding and Extrusion MaterialsD 3222 Specification for Unmodified Poly(VinylideneFluoride)
20、(PVDF) Molding Extrusion and Coating Mate-rialsD 3307 Specification for Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA)-Fluorocarbon Resin Molding and Extrusion MaterialsD 4101 Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Ex-trusion MaterialsD 4894 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)Granular Molding and Ram Ext
21、rusion MaterialsD 4895 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)Resin Produced From DispersionD 5575 Classification System for Copolymers of Vi-nylidene Fluoride (VDF) with Other Fluorinated Mono-mersF 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 ANSI/ASME Standards:B 16.1 Cast Iron
22、Pipe Flanges Flanged Fittings4B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings4B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt Welding Fittings4B 16.28 Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbowsand ReturnsB 16.42 Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged FittingsSection IX of theASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
23、Code42.3 Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) Stan-dard:MSS SP-43 Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings53. Terminology3.1 GeneralThe definitions used are in accordance withTerminologies F 412 and D 1600, unless otherwise indicated.4. Materials4.1 Lining:4.1.1 MaterialThe lining shall
24、be made from a resinconforming to one of the requirements in Table 3.4.1.2 Mechanical PropertiesThe minimum tensilestrength and minimum elongation at break when tested inaccordance with the specifications outlined in 4.1.1 shallconform to Table 4, except the test specimens shall be obtainedfrom extr
25、uded or molded liners. Sample orientation is notcritical except for PTFE liners made using the paste extrusionprocess. For paste-extruded PTFE liners, test specimens withtheir major axis cut longitudinally shall meet the mechanicalproperty criteria listed in Table 4, and specimens cut circum-ferenti
26、ally shall have a minimum tensile strength at break of2500 psi (17.3 MPa) and a minimum elongation of 200 %.4.1.3 Specific GravitySpecific gravity for polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE) resins, when tested in accordance with TestMethods D 792 or D 1505, shall be as follows:Lining Material, Resin Type S
27、pecific GravityPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Types I andIV2.14 to 2.19Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Type III 2.13 to 2.214.2 Ferrous Pipe and Fittings:4.2.1 Mechanical PropertiesThe mechanical properties ofthe pipes and fittings shall conform to the appropriate specifi-cations listed in Table 5, e
28、xcept as they are influenced byaccepted methods of processing in the industry (for example,Van Stone flaring, bending, swaging, welding, and threading).The carbon steel pipe and wrought fittings shall be welded orseamless steel, Schedule 40 or 80, except Schedule 30 pipemay be used in 8, 10, and 12-
29、in. nominal size. Schedule 20 orstandard wall may be used in nominal sizes 12 in. and larger.4.2.2 FinishThe interior surfaces of all housings shall beclean and free of mold burrs, rust, scale, or other protrusions,which may adversely affect the integrity or performance of thelining.4.2.3 GeneralAll
30、 pipe and fitting end connections shall bemanufactured to provide a minimum18-in. radius or chamfer inthe transition from pipe wall to flange or lap face. This radiusor chamfer is required to reduce stress concentrations in theplastic liner as it is flared or molded over the flange face or stubend.
31、For PTFE-lined pipe and fittings, a18-in. minimum radiusmust be provided. A perforated metal collar which seats overthe flange chamfer may be used to provide this required radius.4.2.4 DimensionalFlanges and fittings used for plastic-lined pipe shall conform dimensionally (Note 3) to the follow-ing
32、industry ferrous flange and fitting dimensional standards:Metallurgy SpecificationSteel ANSI B 16.5Ductile iron ANSI B 16.42Cast iron ANSI B 16.1NOTE 3Center-to-face dimensions include the plastic lining.4.2.5 WeldingAll metal welding shall be done by weldersor welding operators using welding proced
33、ures qualified underthe provisions of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code(Section IX).3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave.,
34、New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of theValve and FittingsIndustry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.F 1545 97 (2009)25. Requirements5.1 Dimensions:5.1.1 HousingHousing installation dimensions are as re-quir
35、ed in the applicable material specification in accordancewith 4.2.4.5.1.2 Plastic Wall ThicknessPipe and fitting liners shallhave a minimum wall thickness and face thickness in accor-dance with Table 6.5.1.3 Lining Flare DiameterThe outside diameter of theflare covering the gasket portion of the fla
36、nge or the full faceof the lap-joint stub end shall not be less than the diameterspecified in Table 7. The flared portion of the lining shall beconcentric with the flared portion of the pipe within116 in. (1.6mm).5.1.4 TolerancesTolerances for pipe, flanges, and fittingsshall be in accordance with T
37、able 8. Bolt holes in both flangeson a fixed flange spool shall straddle the same center line tofacilitate alignment. Finished lined (plastic flare to plastic flare)fabricated fittings shall conform to the nominal center-to-facedimensions as specified in ANSI B 16.1, B 16.42, or B 16.5with the appli
38、cable tolerances.5.2 Flange Construction:5.2.1 Threaded flanges shall be secured in position toprevent inadvertent turning of the flange.5.2.2 Socket-type flanges, except threaded, shall be fullyback-welded to the pipe housing and the inside surfaces of thesocket flanges shall be ground smooth.5.2.3
39、 Slip-on flanges shall be fully back-welded.NOTE 4No welding shall be done on lined components in the field.5.2.4 Modified slip-on flanges used as lap-joint flanges maybe used with flared laps formed by flaring the pipe. Thebacking flange for the flared metallic lap shall have a18-in.bevel or18-in.
40、corner radius at the bore to provide clearance forthe fillet of the flared lap. The outside diameter of the flared lapshall be in accordance with the dimension of an ANSI B 16.9lap-joint stub end.5.2.5 Lap-joint (or Van Stone) flanged ends may be manu-factured by standard forming techniques or by us
41、ing fullywelded TypeAMSS SP-43 orANSI B 16.9 lap-joint stub ends.Van Stone flares shall have a fillet radius compatible with thecorner radius of the mating flange and shall not contain anycracks or buckles. Van Stone flares and stub ends shall have aradius to provide a smooth transition for the plas
42、tic flare. Onlylap joint flanges in accordance with ANSI B 16.42 and B 16.5shall be used.5.3 VentingEach pipe and fitting shall be provided with aventing system that will release any pressure between the linerand the housing.NOTE 5One or more holes in the housing, or a helical groove systeminside th
43、e housing, that connects flange vents, has provided adequateventing.NOTE 6Venting is not required with PVDF, PP, ETFE, or PVDCliners.5.4 Workmanship:5.4.1 Pipe and fittings shall show no evidence of pinholes,porosity, or cracks when inspected in accordance with 5.5.2.The linings shall fit snugly ins
44、ide the pipe and fitting housings.Any bulges or other obvious indications of poor contact withthe housing shall be cause for rejection.5.4.2 The gasket seating surface of the lining shall be free ofsurface defects that could impair sealing effectiveness.Scratches, dents, nicks, or tool marks on the
45、seating surfaceshall not be deeper than 10 % of the face thickness.5.5 Performance:5.5.1 QualificationLined pipe and fittings must be ca-pable of meeting the qualification requirements specified inSection 6.5.5.2 InspectionEach spool and fitting, prior to shipment,shall be hydrostatically or electro
46、statically tested in accordancewith Section 7 and shall subsequently be inspected visually toverify conformance to the requirements of 5.4.6. Test Methods6.1 High-Temperature Test:6.1.1 Cycle representative production samples of lined pipeand fittings in an oven from room temperature to the testtemp
47、erature of the liner type (Table 9) to determine the abilityof the lined components to withstand heat aging and tempera-ture cycling. Test a minimum of two pipe spools, tees, and 90elbows in each size.6.1.2 ProcedureInstall companion flanges at the manufac-turers recommended torque value, and affix
48、a thermocouple inthe ferrous housing to measure the temperature. Pipe spoolsshall be at least 3 ft (1 m) long. After3hinanoven at the testtemperature (Table 9) as indicated by the thermocouple, aircool the lined components to 122F (50C) maximum. Repeatthis test for a total of three cycles.6.1.3 Insp
49、ectionInspect lined pipe and fittings after eachcycle for distortion or cracks in the lining.At the completion ofthe third cycle, subject tested specimens to the hydrostatic orelectrostatic test described in Section 7.6.2 Low-Temperature Test:6.2.1 After the high-temperature test, subject the same partsused for 6.1 to a cold test at 0F (18C) for a minimum of 48h. New parts may also be used.6.2.2 ProcedureInstall companion flanges at the manufac-turers recommended torque value, and affix a thermocouple tothe ferrous housing to measure
