1、Designation: F 1546/F 1546M 96 (Reapproved 2006)An American National StandardStandard Specification forFire Hose Nozzles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1546/F 1546M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacture, andtesting of fire hose nozzles intended for use
3、 with sea water orfresh water either in straight stream or adjustable spraypatterns.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 313/A 313M Specification for Stainless Steel SpringWireA 580/A 580M Specification for Stainless Steel W
4、ireA 582/A 582M Specification for Free-Machining StainlessSteel BarsB117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD 395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompressionSetD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 572 Test Method for RubberDeterioration by Heat
5、 andOxygenD 1193 Specification for Reagent Water2.2 NFPA Standards:3NFPA 1963 Standards for Screw Threads and Gaskets forFire Hose Connections3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ball shut-offa spray nozzle configuration that stopsthe flow of water through the nozzle by rotating the ballthrough which
6、 the water flows so that the passage no longeraligns with the nozzle flow passage.3.1.2 break aparta feature that allows the nozzle tip to bedisconnected from the nozzle body by virtue of a couplingidentical to that on the hose end of the nozzle.3.1.3 constant flow rate spray nozzlean adjustable pat
7、ternnozzle in which the flow is delivered at a designed nozzlepressure. At the rated pressure, the nozzle will deliver aconstant flow rate from straight stream through a wide anglepattern. This is accomplished by maintaining a constant orificesize during flow pattern adjustment.3.1.4 constant pressu
8、re (automatic) spray nozzlean ad-justable pattern nozzle in which the pressure remains constantthrough a range of flows rates. The constant pressure providesthe velocity for an effective stream reach at various flow rates.This is accomplished by means of a pressure-activated, self-adjusting orifice
9、baffle.3.1.5 constant/select flow rate featurea nozzle feature thatallows on-site adjustment of the orifice to change the flow rateto a predetermined value. The flow rate remains constantthroughout the range of pattern selection from straight streamto wide angle spray.3.1.6 free swivel couplinga cou
10、pling between the nozzleand hose or between halves of a break-apart nozzle that iscapable of being turned readily by hand; that is, a spannerwrench is not required to tighten the coupling to preventleakage.3.1.7 flusha feature in a nozzle that allows the orifice to beopened so that small debris that
11、 might otherwise be trapped inthe nozzle, causing pattern disruptions and flow variation, canpass through. When the flush feature is engaged, the nozzlepressure will drop and the pattern will deteriorate.3.1.8 lever-type controla control in which the handleoperates along the axis of the nozzle.3.1.9
12、 pistol gripa feature usually available as an attach-ment that allows a nozzle to be held like a pistol.3.1.10 rated pressurethat pressure for which the nozzle isdesigned to operate at a specified flow rate(s).3.1.11 rotational-type controla control that rotates in aplane perpendicular to the axis o
13、f the nozzle.4. Classification4.1 Marine fire hose nozzles may be classified into fourgeneral construction types, as follows:4.1.1 Type IPistol grip, lever-type control operated.4.1.2 Type IINonpistol grip, lever-type control operated.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F
14、25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 onGeneral Requirements.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published January 2007. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 1546/F 1546M 96(2001).2For referenced ASTM standards,
15、 visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA
16、02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.3 Type IIIBreak apart, pistol grip, lever-type controloperated.4.1.4 Type IVBreak apart, nonpistol grip, lever-type con-trol operated.4.2 Nozzle types
17、 may be subdivided into three generalclasses, as follows:4.2.1 Class IConstant flow rate.4.2.2 Class IIConstant/select flow rate.4.2.3 Class IIIConstant pressure.4.3 Classes may be subdivided into two general sizes, asfollows:4.3.1 Size 38 mm, with free swivel base.4.3.2 Size 64 mm, with free swivel
18、 base.5. Ordering Information5.1 The following shall be specified when ordering:5.1.1 Quantity,5.1.2 Type (see 4.1),5.1.3 Class (see 4.2),5.1.4 Size (see 4.3),5.1.5 Material (see 6.1.2, 9.8.1 and 12)45.1.6 Thread type56. Material and Manufacture6.1 Materials:6.1.1 All nozzle components and parts mus
19、t be durable anddemonstrate satisfactory operation during all performance testsin Section 9.6.1.2 The nozzle body and any metal used in the construc-tion of any part of the nozzle shall be corrosion resistant.Copper alloys containing more than 15 % zinc are prohibited inall parts that are in contact
20、 with the fluid flow. No aluminumalloys may be used except for nozzles being operated exclu-sively with fresh water. No ferrous material may be usedexcept for the Type 300 series stainless steel for wire andsprings in accordance with Specifications A 313/A 313M orA 580/A 580M and for screws and pins
21、 in accordance withSpecification A 582/A 582M.6.1.3 All nonmetallic materials or synthetic elastomers usedto form a seal or gasket shall have the following properties:6.1.3.1 uniform dimensions,6.1.3.2 be of such size, shape, and resiliency as to withstandordinary usage and foreign matter carried by
22、 water, includingpetrochemical solvents and high alkaline solutions such asthose used for cleaning nozzles (see 6.2), and6.1.3.3 be able to withstand ozone and ultraviolet lightexposure if used on the external portion of the nozzle.6.1.4 All materials shall have tensile set of not more than 5mm as d
23、etermined in accordance with 6.2.1, and compressionset not more than 15 % as determined in accordance with 6.2.2.6.2 Specific Requirements for Rubber Sealing Materials:6.2.1 Tensile Strength, Ultimate Elongation, and Tensile SetTests:6.2.1.1 Tensile strength, ultimate elongation, and tensile setshal
24、l be determined in accordance with Test Methods D 412,Method A, except that, for tensile set determinations, theelongation shall be maintained for only 3 min, and the tensileset shall be measured 3 min after release of the specimen. Theelongation of a specimen for a tensile set determination is to b
25、esuch that the bench marks 25 mm apart become separated to adistance of 76 mm.6.2.1.2 If a specimen breaks outside the bench marks, or ifeither the measured tensile strength or ultimate elongation ofthe specimen is less than the required value, an additionalspecimen shall be tested, and those result
26、s shall be consideredfinal. Results of tests for specimens that break in the curvedportion just outside the bench marks may be accepted if themeasured strength and elongation values are within the mini-mum requirements.6.2.2 Compression Set Test:6.2.2.1 Type I specimens of the material shall be prep
27、aredand the test conducted in accordance with Test Methods D 395,Method B. The specimens shall be exposed for 22 h at 22C.6.2.3 Accelerated Aging Test:6.2.3.1 Specimens shall be prepared in the same manner asfor tensile strength and ultimate elongation and ultimateelongation tests, except for the be
28、nch marks 25 mm apart thatshall be stamped on the specimen after the test exposure. Theexposure shall be conducted in accordance with Test MethodD 572.6.2.3.2 All materials must retain not less than 70 % of theas-received tensile strength and ultimate elongation after theaccelerated aging test.6.2.4
29、 Silicone rubber (rubber having polyorganosiloxane asits characteristic constituent) shall have a tensile strength of notless than 3.5 MPa and at least 100 % ultimate elongation asdetermined in accordance with 9.3.2.6.2.5 Sealing material other than silicone rubber shall havea tensile strength of no
30、t less than 10 MPa and at least 200 %ultimate elongation as determined in accordance with 6.2.1.7. Configuration7.1 All nozzles shall consist of the following componentsand design:7.1.1 Nozzle body,7.1.2 Free swivel coupling,7.1.3 Shutoffs,7.1.4 Shutoff seats,7.1.5 Shutoff handle,7.1.6 Bumper guard,
31、7.1.7 Seals,7.1.8 Flushing feature,7.1.9 Pistol grip (optional), and7.1.10 Break apart feature (optional).7.2 Nozzles shall be provided with a lever-type controlshutoff handle which shall be in the closed position when thehandle is closest to the discharge end of the nozzle. Lever-typecontrol of the
32、 flow rate must also be by means of the shutoffhandle.7.2.1 The inside clearances of the shutoff handle shall be aminimum of 75 mm wide by 25 mm high.4Nozzle material should be galvanically compatible with the intended fire hosecouplings.5Threads should conform to a recognized industry standard such
33、 as NFPA 1963.F 1546/F 1546M 96 (2006)27.2.2 The shutoff handle shall be of such a size that theoperators hand in a firemans glove and closed on the handledoes not interfere with the operation of the shutoff handle inany position.7.3 Spray pattern adjustment shall be by means of rotationalcontrols.
34、Rotational controls shall traverse from a wide anglespray pattern to narrow angle, to straight stream in a clockwisemanner when viewed from the hose coupling end of the nozzle.The wide and narrow angle spray patterns shall be enhancedwith an impinging action by means of a minimum of one anda maximum
35、 of two rows of fixed or rotating teeth concentric tothe discharge orifice.7.4 Nozzles shall have a capability of clearing or flushingdebris from the nozzle without shutting down the hose line.This may be accomplished either through the full open nozzleposition or through a flush feature of the nozz
36、le.7.4.1 If used, the flush feature shall have a separate control,incorporate a detent, or shall require increased force to operate,to indicate to the firefighter when the flush feature is beingengaged.7.5 All features and controls shall be operable by one handof the operator while the other hand is
37、 holding the nozzle.7.6 A bumper shall be provided at the discharge end of thenozzle for protection against physical damage. The nozzle stemshall not extend past the bumper in any of the flow positionsincluding flush.7.7 The pistol grip, if one is provided, shall have four fingernotches on the tip s
38、ide and the minimum span and width shallbe suitable for use with a hand wearing a typical firemansglove.7.8 Couplings shall be of a free swivel type.7.9 Each nozzle shall be provided with a resilient gasketfitted in the nozzle coupling recess. The gasket shall havedimensions in accordance with NFPA
39、1963. Type III and IVnozzles shall incorporate an additional gasket to accommodatethe break-apart feature.7.10 Nozzles for use with 38-mm hoses shall weigh notmore than 4.53 kg. Nozzles for use with 64-mm hoses shallweigh not more than 5.9 kg.7.11 Shutoff seats shall be self-adjusting or shall be ad
40、just-able without disassembly of the nozzle.7.12 All features which incorporate a stop, detent, separatecontrol, or increased force to engage shall be clearly labeled,including the open and shutoff positions, pattern selection, andflow rate selection.8. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance8.1 All part
41、s and assemblies of the nozzle including cast-ings, forgings, molded parts, stampings, bearings, machinedsurfaces and welded parts shall be clean and free from sand,dirt, fins, pits, spurs, scale, flux, and other foreign material.Allexposed edges shall be rounded or chamfered.9. Design Qualification
42、 Tests9.1 Four first production run specimens shall be randomlyselected and subjected to the tests described in 9.3 through 9.13in sequential order.9.2 The specimens shall exhibit no permanent deformationthat interferes with their proper operation during any test.9.3 Nonmetallic components shall be
43、subjected to the fol-lowing specific testing:9.3.1 Aging Exposure:9.3.1.1 Aging tests shall be performed before all other testsidentified in this standard.9.3.1.2 The specimens shall be subjected to air-oven agingfor 180 days at 70C and then allowed to cool at least 24 h inair at 25C and 50 % relati
44、ve humidity.9.3.1.3 At the conclusion of the test, the specimens shall beinspected and all functions shall be operated to ensure theyoperate properly. Cracking, crazing, or any other condition thatinterferes with the proper operation of any specimen shallconstitute failure of this test.9.3.2 Ultravi
45、olet Light-Water Exposure:9.3.2.1 Nozzle designs with exposed nonmetallic parts shallbe subjected to ultraviolet light and water for 720 h.9.3.2.2 The ultraviolet light shall be obtained from twostationary enclosed carbon-arc lamps. The arc of each lamp isto be formed between two vertical carbon ele
46、ctrodes, 13 mm indiameter, located at the center of a revolvable vertical cylinder,787 mm in diameter and 450 mm in height. Each arc is to beenclosed with a number PX Pyrex-glass globe.9.3.2.3 The water shall conform to Type IV water inSpecification D 1193.9.3.2.4 The specimens are to be mounted ver
47、tically on theinside of the revolvable cylinder, arcing the lamps, and thecylinder continuously revolved around the stationary lamps at1 revolution per minute.Asystem is to be provided so that eachspecimen in turn is sprayed with water as the cylinder revolves.During the operating cycle, each specim
48、en is to be exposed tothe light and water spray for 3 min and the light only for 17 min(total 20 min). The air temperature within the revolvingcylinder of the apparatus during operations is to be maintainedat 65C.9.3.2.5 At the conclusion of the test, the specimens shall beinspected and all function
49、s shall be operated to ensure theyoperate properly. Cracking, crazing, or any other conditionwhich interferes with the proper operation of any specimenshall constitute failure of this test.9.4 Discharge Calibration Test:9.4.1 Constant flow rate specimens shall flow the rateddischarge, plus 10 %, minus 0 %, measured at rated pressure,through the entire range of pattern setting from straight streamto wide angle spray.9.4.2 Constant/select flow rate specimens shall flow therated discharge, plus 10 %, minus 0 %, measured at ratedpressure, for each flow rate s
