1、Designation: F 1556 94 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Guide forSpinal Immobilization and Extrication (SPINE) DeviceCharacteristics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1556; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe objective of this guide is to begin to address the recognized need to support and immobilize theco
3、mponents of the spine or spinal cord. Although this guide does not quantitatively addressperformance standards for this device, it does address the characteristics of the device(s) used toprovide support and immobilization of the components of the central nervous system for the patientsuspected of r
4、eceiving trauma to that body system.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers minimum standards for devices,designated here as spinal immobilization and extrication de-vice(s) (SPINED), commonly referred to as short spine board.The SPINED is designed to be used as the platform forimmobilization and extrication
5、of a patient with potential spineor spinal cord injury by emergency medical service personnel.1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limita-tion of motion achieved by placement of a SPINED on apatient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of thespine, and, in particular, the degr
6、ee of limitation associatedwith the use of a SPINED, have not been established in themedical literature.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and
7、health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-vices2.2 Centers for Disease Control Standard:Guidelines for Prevention of Transmission of HIV and HBVto Healthcare
8、 and Public Safety Workers32.3 OSHA Standard:29 CFR 1910.1030 Occupational Exposure to BloodbornePathogens; Final Rule43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 retention systema retention system is an adjunct toor an integral part of the primary platform that allows thepatient to be securely attached to
9、that platform used inwhatever configuration and size necessary to accomplish thegoal, while still allowing reasonable and necessary access tothe patient.3.1.2 spinal immobilizationspinal immobilization shallrefer to immobilization of the spine and its contiguous struc-tures, the pelvis, and skull.3.
10、1.3 spinethe spine shall include the cervical, thoracic,lumbar, and sacral vertebrae.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 directions of movementdirections include flexion,extension, rotation, distraction, lateral motion, and axial com-pression motion.3.2.2 immobilizationlimitatio
11、n of motion.3.2.3 spinal immobilization and extrication devicea plat-form to which the patient can be secured, which will supportthe patients spine during immobilization and transportation.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on EmergencyMedical Services and is the direct resp
12、onsibility of Subcommittee F30.01 on EMSEquipment.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 1556 94(2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servic
13、e at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Centers for Disease Control short spine board; spinalimmobilizationASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rig
14、hts asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any
15、 time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments wi
16、ll receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by AS
17、TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 1556 94 (2007)2
