1、Designation: F 1637 02e1Standard Practice forSafe Walking Surfaces1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1637; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indic
2、ates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEPer Committee F13 Bylaws, editorially replaced term definitions with reference to Terminology F 1646 in January2004.1. Scope1.1 ScopeThis practice covers design and co
3、nstructionguidelines and minimum maintenance criteria for new andexisting buildings and structures. This practice is intended toprovide reasonably safe walking surfaces for pedestrians wear-ing ordinary footwear. These guidelines may not be adequatefor those with certain mobility impairments.1.2 Con
4、formance with this practice will not alleviate allhazards; however, conformance will reduce certain pedestrianrisks.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all
5、 of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:F 1646 Terminology Rel
6、ating to Safety and Traction forFootwear22.2 ANSI Standard:ANSI-Z535.1 Safety Color Coding33. Terminology3.1 See Terminology F 1646 for the following terms used inthis practice:3.1.1 Bollard,3.1.2 Carpet,3.1.3 Cross slope,3.1.4 Element,3.1.5 Fair,3.1.6 Foreseeable pedestrian path,3.1.7 Footwear,3.1.
7、8 Planar,3.1.9 Ramp,3.1.10 Sidewalk,3.1.11 Slip resistance,3.1.12 Slip resistant,3.1.13 Walkway surface hardware, and3.1.14 Walkway.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice addresses elements along and in walkwaysincluding floors and walkway surfaces, sidewalks, short flightstairs, gratings, wheel s
8、tops, and speed bumps. Swimmingpools, bath tubs, showers, natural walks, and unimproved pathsare beyond the scope of this practice.5. Walkway Surfaces5.1 General:5.1.1 Walkways shall be stable, planar, flush, and even tothe extent possible. Where walkways cannot be made flush andeven, they shall con
9、form to the requirements of 5.2 and 5.3.5.1.2 Walkway surfaces for pedestrians shall be capable ofsafely sustaining intended loads.5.1.3 Walkway surfaces shall be slip resistant under ex-pected environmental conditions and use. Painted walkwaysshall contain an abrasive additive, cross cut grooving,
10、texturingor other appropriate means to render the surface slip resistantwhere wet conditions may be reasonably foreseeable.5.1.4 Interior walkways that are not slip resistant when wetshall be maintained dry during periods of pedestrian use.5.2 Walkway Changes in Level:5.2.1 Adjoining walkway surface
11、s shall be made flush andfair, whenever possible and for new construction and existingfacilities to the extent practicable.5.2.2 Changes in levels of less than14 in. (6 mm) in heightmay be without edge treatment. (See Fig. 1.)1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F13 on Safety a
12、ndTraction for Footwear and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F13.50 onTraction.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Originallypublished as F 1637 95. Last previous edition F 1637 95.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orconta
13、ct ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International,
14、100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2.3 Changes in levels between14 and12 in. (6 and 12 mm)shall be beveled with a slope no greater than 1:2 (rise:run).5.2.4 Changes in levels greater than12 in. (12 mm) shall betransitioned by means of a ramp or stai
15、rway that complies withapplicable building codes, regulations, standards, or ordi-nances, or all of these.5.3 Carpet:5.3.1 Carpet shall be maintained so as not to create pedes-trian hazard. Carpet shall be firmly secured and seams tightlymaintained. Carpet shall not have loose or frayed edges,unsecu
16、red seams, worn areas, holes, wrinkles or other hazardsthat may cause trip occurrence.5.3.2 Carpet on floor surfaces shall be routinely inspected.Periodic restretching may become necessary. Periodic inspec-tion is particularly important at step nosing edges.5.3.3 Carpet and carpet trim (as measured
17、when com-pressed) shall meet the transition requirements of 5.2.5.3.4 Shag-type carpet shall not be used on stair treads.Carpeting should be firmly secured onto the tread and aroundthe nosing.5.4 Mats and Runners:5.4.1 Mats, runners, or other means of ensuring that build-ing entrances and interior w
18、alkways are kept dry shall beprovided, as needed, during inclement weather. Replacementof mats or runners may be necessary when they becomesaturated.5.4.2 Building entrances shall be provided with mats orrunners, or other means to help remove foreign particles andother contaminants from the bottom o
19、f pedestrian footwear.Mats should be provided to minimize foreign particles, thatmay become dangerous to pedestrians particularly on hardsmooth floors, from being tracked on floors.5.4.3 Mats or runners should be provided at other wet orcontaminated locations, particularly at known transitions fromd
20、ry locations. Mats at building entrances also may be used tocontrol the spread of precipitation onto floor surfaces, reducingthe likelihood of the floors becoming slippery.5.4.4 Mats shall be of sufficient design, area, and placementto control tracking of contaminants into buildings. Safe prac-tice
21、requires that mats be installed and maintained to avoidtracking water off the last mat onto floor surfaces.5.4.5 Mats, runners, and area rugs shall be provided withsafe transition from adjacent surfaces and shall be fixed inplace or provided with slip resistant backing.5.5 Illumination:5.5.1 Minimum
22、 walkway illumination shall be governed bythe requirements of local codes and ordinances or, in theirabsence, by the recommendations set forth by the IlluminatingEngineering Society of North America (IES) (Application andReference Volumes).5.5.2 Illumination shall be designed to be glare free.5.5.3
23、Illumination shall be designed to avoid casting ofobscuring shadows on walkways, including shadows on stairsthat may be cast by users.5.5.4 Interior and exterior pedestrian use areas, includingparking lots, shall be properly illuminated during periods whenpedestrians may be present.5.6 HeadroomA min
24、imum headroom clearance of 6 ft 8in. (2.03 m), measured from the walkway surface, shall beprovided above all parts of the walkway. Where such clearanceis not provided in existing structures, the low clearanceportions of the walkway shall be safely padded, marked withsafety contrast color coding (for
25、 example, see ANSI-Z535.1)and posted with appropriate warning signs.5.7 Exterior Walkways:5.7.1 Exterior walkways shall be maintained so as to pro-vide safe walking conditions.5.7.1.1 Exterior walkways shall be slip resistant.5.7.1.2 Exterior walkway conditions that may be consideredsubstandard and
26、in need of repair include conditions in whichthe pavement is broken, depressed, raised, undermined, slip-pery, uneven, or cracked to the extent that pieces may bereadily removed.5.7.2 Exterior walkways shall be repaired or replaced wherethere is an abrupt variation in elevation between surfaces.Vert
27、ical displacements in exterior walkways shall be transi-tioned in accordance with 5.2.5.7.3 Edges of sidewalk joints shall be rounded.6. Walking Surface Hardware6.1 Walking surface hardware within foreseeable pedestrianpaths shall be maintained flush with the surrounding surfaces;variances between l
28、evels shall be transitioned in accordancewith 5.2.6.2 Walking surface hardware within foreseeable pedestrianpaths shall be maintained slip resistant.6.3 Walking surface hardware shall be installed and main-tained so as to be stable under reasonable foreseeable loading.7. Stairs7.1 General:7.1.1 Stai
29、rways with “distracting” forward or side viewsshall be avoided. A “distracting” view is one which can attractthe stair users attention, (for example, advertisements, storedisplays), thus distracting the stair user.7.1.2 Step nosings shall be readily discernible, slip resistant,and adequately demarca
30、ted. Random, pictorial, floral, or geo-metric designs are examples of design elements that cancamouflage a step nosing.7.1.3 Doors shall not open over stairs.7.1.4 Structure (reserved).7.2 Short Flight Stairs (Three or Fewer Risers):7.2.1 Short flight stairs shall be avoided where possible.7.2.2 In
31、situations where a short flight stair or single steptransition exists or cannot be avoided, obvious visual cues shallbe provided to facilitate improved step identification. Hand-rails, delineated nosing edges, tactile cues, warning signs,contrast in surface colors, and accent lighting are examples o
32、fsome appropriate warning cues.FIG. 1 Changes in Levels of Less Than14 in. (6 mm)F163702e128. Speed Bumps8.1 Design to avoid the use of speed bumps.8.2 All speed bumps which are in foreseeable pedestrianpaths shall comply with 5.2 (walkway changes in level).8.3 Existing speed bumps, that do not conf
33、orm to 5.2, shallbe clearly marked with safety color coding to contrast withsurroundings in accordance with ANSI Z535.1. Painted speedbumps shall be slip resistant. Pedestrian CAUTION signs arerecommended.9. Wheel Stops9.1 Parking lots should be designed to avoid the use ofwheel stops.9.2 Wheel stop
34、s shall not be placed in pedestrian walkwaysor foreseeable pedestrian paths.9.3 Wheel stops shall be in contrast with their surroundings.9.4 Wheel stops shall be no longer than 6 ft (1.83 m) andshall be placed in the center of parking stalls. The minimumwidth of pedestrian passage between wheel stop
35、s shall be 3 ft(0.91 m).9.5 The top of wheel stops shall not exceed 6.5 in. (165 mm)in height above the parking lot surface.9.6 Adequate illumination shall be maintained at wheelstops as governed by the requirements of local codes andordinances or, in their absence, by the recommendations setforth b
36、y the Illuminating Engineering Society of NorthAmerica (IES-Application and Reference Volumes).9.7 Bollards, not less than 3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m) height, may beplaced in the center of parking stalls as an alternative to wheelstops. Bollards should be appropriately marked to enhancevisibility in accorda
37、nce with ANSI-Z535.1.10. Gratings10.1 Gratings used in public areas should be located outsideof pedestrian walkways.10.2 Gratings located in foreseeable pedestrian walkwaysshall not have openings wider than12 in. (13 mm) in thedirection of predominant travel.10.2.1 ExemptionThe requirements of 10.2
38、do not applyin areas where footwear worn is controlled (for example,industrial areas).10.3 Gratings with elongated openings shall be placed withthe long dimension perpendicular to the direction of predomi-nant travel.10.4 Gratings shall be maintained slip resistant.11. Warnings11.1 The use of visual
39、 cues such as warnings, accentlighting, handrails, contrast painting, and other cues to improvethe safety of walkway transitions are recognized as effectivecontrols in some applications. However, such cues or warningsdo not necessarily negate the need for safe design construction.12. Keywords12.1 ca
40、rpet; floors; gratings; mats; runners; sidewalks; shortflight stairs; slip resistance; speed bump; stairs; walkway;wheel stopASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are ex
41、pressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revi
42、sed, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you ma
43、y attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F163702e13
