ASTM F1780-1997(2010) Standard Guide for Estimating Oil Spill Recovery System Effectiveness《评估油溢回收系统有效性的标准指南》.pdf
《ASTM F1780-1997(2010) Standard Guide for Estimating Oil Spill Recovery System Effectiveness《评估油溢回收系统有效性的标准指南》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM F1780-1997(2010) Standard Guide for Estimating Oil Spill Recovery System Effectiveness《评估油溢回收系统有效性的标准指南》.pdf(6页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: F1780 97 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Guide forEstimating Oil Spill Recovery System Effectiveness1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1780; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the key factors to consider in estimat-ing the effectiveness of containment and recovery systems thatmay
3、 be used to assist in the control of oil spills on water.1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user withinformation on assessing the effective use of spill-cleanupequipment. It is intended for use by those involved in planningfor and responding to oil spills.1.3 Sections of this guide desc
4、ribe calculation proceduresfor estimating recovery system effectiveness. It should beunderstood that any such calculations cannot be expected topredict system performance, but are intended to provide acommon basis for comparing system performance.1.4 One of the main reasons that the calculation proc
5、edurescannot be used to predict system performance is that theanalysis is sensitive to assumptions made on the properties ofthe oil slick, and particularly the changes in slick thickness andemulsification. It is emphasized that the purpose of this guideis not to provide a standard method for estimat
6、ing slickproperty changes, but rather to provide a standard guide forusing that information in comparing system performance.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F625 Prac
7、tice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill Con-trol SystemsF631 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data inControlled EnvironmentsF808 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data inUncontrolled Environments3F1523 Guide for Selection of Booms in Accordance WithWater Body Classifications3. Ter
8、minology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 advancing skimmer, na skimmer that is designed tobe used to sweep out the spill area.3.1.1.1 Discussionhe skimmer may be independent ormay be attached to containment boom to increase sweep width.In some cases, the skimmer may not be attached to the boombut is positioned
9、 in the pocket of the boom for skimming. Aslong as the skimmer operates while moving, it is considered tobe an advancing skimmer. Some skimmers are used in both anadvancing and stationary mode. These are classified accordingto their application.3.1.2 contained spills, na spill that is restricted fro
10、mspreading by containment boom or natural means.3.1.3 oil slick encounter rate, nthe volume of oil slick perunit time actively encountered by the oil spill recovery system,and therefore available for containment and recovery (m3/h).3.1.4 oil spill recovery system, na combination of devicesthat opera
11、te together to recover spilled oil; the system wouldinclude some or all of the following components: (1) contain-ment boom, (2) skimmer, (3) support vessels to deploy andoperate the boom and skimmer, (4) discharge/transfer pumps,(5) oil/water separator, (6) temporary storage devices, and (7)shore ba
12、sed storage/disposal.3.1.5 recovery system effectiveness, nthe volume of oilthat is removed from the environment by a given recoverysystem in a given recovery period.3.1.6 recovery period, nthe time available for recoverysystems to carry out cleanup operations.3.1.7 response time, nthe time interval
13、 between the spillincident and the start of cleanup operations.3.1.8 stationary skimmer, na skimmer that is intended tobe used in a fixed location and is moved to new accumulationsof oil as skimming progresses.3.1.8.1 DiscussionSome stationary skimmers are used ina containment boom system that moves
14、 to collect oil, then1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.12 on Removal.Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approvedin 1997. Last previous editi
15、on approved in 2002 as F1780 97 (2002). DOI:10.1520/F1780-97R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websi
16、te.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.pauses to permit the skimmer to recover the oil collected. Eventhough this system moves periodically, the skimmer is stillranked as a stationary skimmer because it operate
17、s when thesystem is at rest.3.1.9 uncontained spill, na spill that continues to spreadafter the recovery effort begins.4. Summary of Guide4.1 In evaluating the effectiveness of containment andrecovery systems used in response to oil spills, many factorsneed to be considered of which skimmer performa
18、nce is butone. The objective of this guide is to describe a range of factorsthat must be considered in estimating recovery system effec-tiveness.4.2 In order to evaluate a recovery system, there are twogeneral types of information required, a set of information todescribe the spill scenario against
19、which the system will bemeasured, and a set of information to describe the performancecharacteristics of the recovery system.4.3 Information on the spill is required to adequately definethe problem and thereby provide a focus for the evaluationprocess. The spill should be defined in sufficient detai
20、l as toallow an unambiguous interpretation of its behavior in terms ofthe operating parameters of the countermeasures system. Forcertain purposes it may be desirable to develop a set ofstandard spill scenarios against which response system effec-tiveness would be measured in a quantifiable manner.4.
21、4 The performance characteristics must be identified forthe recovery system and its various components. In general, theinformation requirements will include the rates or capacities, orboth, the operating limitations, and the support requirements.4.5 This guide covers equipment-related factors that w
22、illaffect recovery-system effectiveness. Additional important fac-tors that are not covered in this guide but should be consideredas being critical to the success of a spill response include:contingency planning; communications plans; government ap-provals; logistics of supporting manpower and equip
23、ment inthe field; and training and exercising of manpower.5. Spill-related Information5.1 Spill Type:5.1.1 Response strategies will depend to some extent on thetype of spill. The spill scenario should be defined as to whetherit is an instantaneous or continuous release, whether or not thespill has c
24、eased flowing, and whether the spill is contained oruncontained.5.2 Oil Slick PropertiesThe following oil slick propertiesmust be specified for the spill scenario. As some of theseproperties may vary with time, it may be desirable to usecomputer-based behavior models to produce spill propertyinforma
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
本资源只提供5页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
5000 积分 0人已下载
下载 | 加入VIP,交流精品资源 |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- ASTMF178019972010STANDARDGUIDEFORESTIMATINGOILSPILLRECOVERYSYSTEMEFFECTIVENESS 评估 回收 系统 有效性 标准 指南 PDF

链接地址:http://www.mydoc123.com/p-535618.html