1、Designation: F1914 07 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Methods forShort-Term Indentation and Residual Indentation ofResilient Floor Covering1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1914; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures to determine short-term indentation and residual indenta
3、tion of resilient flooring,when subjected to concentrated loads.1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:SectionIndentation by McBurney2Test 4 to 10Indentation and Residual Indentation 11 to 151.3 There are two procedures with their respective appara-tus. The first (McBurney Test) is descr
4、ibed in Sections 4 to 10and is restricted to a spherical foot. It is only used for initialindentation measurements of VCT. The second is described inSections 11 to 15 and has interchangeable feet with variablegeometry. It is used to measure initial and residual indentation.1.4 The values stated in i
5、nch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
6、 theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of
7、a Test MethodE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision LiquidsF141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor CoveringsF1066 Specification for Vinyl Composition Floor TileF1303 Specification for Sheet Vinyl Floor Covering withBackingF1700 Specification for Sol
8、id Vinyl Floor TileF1913 Specification for Vinyl Sheet Floor Covering With-out Backing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology F141.INITIAL INDENTATION MEASUREMENTS OF VCT(MCBURNEY TEST)24. Significance and Use4.1 This test method measures s
9、hort-term indentation ofresilient flooring and is useful as a predictor of performance inactual installations over time.4.2 The slope, m, of a log-log plot indentation (I) versustime (T), is related to the indentation of tile in service. The115F (46C) indentation is a measure of the tendency of thet
10、ile to indent at temperatures above 77F (25C).5. Apparatus5.1 Apparatus2The indentation tester is a spherical footdevice consisting essentially of a rigidly mounted indentoracting under an initial load of 2.00 6 0.02 lbf (8.90 6 0.09 N)and a total deadweight load of 30.00 lbf 6 0.25 lbf (133.45 61.1
11、1 N) with a suitable dial indicator, calibrated in 0.0005 in.(0.01 mm) increments. The spherical foot shall be 0.250 60.0005 in. (6.35 6 0.01 mm) in diameter. A suitable apparatusis shown in Fig. 1.5.2 Flat Glass Plate, of 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) minimumthickness for supporting the specimen and tester du
12、ring test.5.3 Timing Device that will indicate the time in seconds.5.4 Thermometer, calibrated as in Specification E2251.5.5 Circular Plexiglas Template, 3.50 in. (88.9 mm) indiameter, 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) thick and having a 0.3125 in.(7.94 mm) diameter hole drilled in the center and a 0.75 in.(19.05
13、mm) diameter concentric circle etched on the face.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on TestMethods - Performance.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Original
14、lyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F191407. DOI:10.1520/F1914-07R11.2The sole source of supply of the McBurney Indentation Tester known to thecommittee at this time is Frazier Precision Co, Gaithersburg, MD. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this inf
15、ormation to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee1, which you may attend.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
16、Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.6 Water Baths, or air atmosphere maintained at 77 60.9F (25 6 0.5C) or 115 6
17、1F (46 6 0.5C).6. Test Specimens6.1 The test specimen shall be a full tile, usually 12 by 12 in.(approximately 305 by 305 mm) or 9 by 9 in. (approximately230 by 230 mm). Larger tiles shall be cut to one of the abovesizes.7. Conditioning7.1 For testing in air, condition the specimen(s) for1hatthetest
18、 temperature.7.2 For testing in water, condition the specimen(s) at the testtemperature for 15 min minimum and 30 min maximum (seeTable 1).7.3 Condition the indentation tester and glass plate in thesame medium and for at least the same time period as thespecimen(s).8. Procedures8.1 Nonembossed Surfa
19、ces:8.1.1 Place the specimen on the glass plate with the wearingsurface up.8.1.2 Place the indentor on the specimen. Be sure theindentor tip is retracted into the base when the instrument isplaced on the specimen and when being moved to another testlocation.8.1.3 Apply the initial 2-lbf (8.9-N) load
20、 (shaft assembly) tothe specimen surface.8.1.3.1 Position the 28-lbf (124.5-N) load on the specimenby holding down with the thumb the 2-lbf (8.9-N) shaft crossbar to proper load.8.1.3.2 Gently lower the load to force the shaft cross barupward until there is no clearance between the shaft and theuppe
21、r wear plate. This will ensure proper 2-lbf (8.9-N) loadingand positioning of the 28-lbf (124.5-N) load.8.1.4 Set the dial gage at zero.8.1.5 Release the 28-lbf (124.5-N) load and start the timingdevice. (Steps 8.1.3-8.1.5 should not exceed a total of 5 s.)Load release should be smooth and as mechan
22、ical as possible.Turn the collar at least one-half turn beyond release to allowsufficient travel for indentation. Do not hold the collar handleafter the load is released as this may tilt the instrument fromvertical.8.1.6 Record the depth of indentation at 1 min 6 1 s and 10min 6 1 s to the nearest 0
23、.0001 in. (0.0025 mm) for 77F(25C) testing and at 30 6 1 s for 114.8F (46C) testing.8.1.7 Perform three of the required tests at randomly se-lected locations on the specimens. Record the three individualreadings and the average for each time period.8.2 Embossed Surfaces:8.2.1 Prior to conditioning u
24、se the template described in 5.5to locate areas on the specimen where a flat surface lies withinthe 0.75 in. (19.05 mm) diameter circle etched in the template.Mark the area for placement of the indentor by tracing aroundthe template with a pencil. Follow the procedure detailed in8.1-8.1.7 after plac
25、ing the indentor with its base inside thecircle.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Measuring Indentation: McBurneyF1914 07 (2011)2NOTE 1If the embossed surface of the tile is such that a 0.75 in.diameter smooth area cannot be located in the same or parallel plane thatthe indentor base will rest on, or the surface
26、 is competely nonuniform suchas a textured surface, or both, the test shall not be made.9. Report9.1 Report the tile indentation as the average value(s) of thethree tests made at each temperature and time interval. Theseshall be designated as the 1-min, 10-min and 30-s indentationvalues. Include in
27、the report the nominal gage of the tile; thatis, 1/16, 3/32, or 1/8 in. (approximately 1.6, 2.4, or 3.2 mm,respectively).10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision statement is based on roundrobin testing performed at committee members laboratoriesusing this procedure to perform the tests.10.
28、1.1 RepeatabilityThe estimated repeatability at the 95% confidence limit is as follows:For 1 and 10-min indentations 60.0005 in.For 30 s indentation 60.001 in.For slope m of the log l/log T 60.008 mils/decade min10.1.2 ReproducibilityBased on a limited study, the esti-mated reproducibility is as fol
29、lows:For 1 and 10-min indentations 60.001 in.For 30 s indentation 60.002 in.For slope m of the log l/log T 60.02 mils/decade min10.2 AccuracyNo justifiable statement on accuracy can bemade, since the true value of the property cannot be establishedby an accepted reference method.INDENTATION AND RESI
30、DUAL INDENTATION11. Significance and Use11.1 The indentation and the residual indentation of resilientfloor covering is important since the resistance and recoveryfrom indentation reflects on the ability of the resilient floorcovering to perform properly after installation.11.2 The indentation of a
31、resilient floor covering shall bemeasured using a specified type of indentor, flat or spherical,under a specified load and time.11.3 The residual indentation of a resilient floor coveringshall be measured after a specified recovery time.11.4 See Table 1 for detailed testing and conditioningrequireme
32、nts by products (specification) type.12. Apparatus12.1 The apparatus4shall consist of a dead weight loadedindentor with interchangeable feet of variante geometry. Thedevice shall be equipped with a dial gage indicator to measurethe depth of indentation and shall have a rigid metal plate forsupportin
33、g the specimen. The frame shall be capable of guidingthe weight assembly (Fig. 2).12.2 The indentor consists of a plunger part and a foot part.The plunger part is made of a steel bar rigidly supportedvertically in such a manner that its lower end face is flat andparallel to the specimen support. The
34、 foot part of the indentoris either spherical or cylindrical with its axis perpendicular tothe specimen support. The face of the indentor foot thatcontacts the specimen is buffed smooth to a roughness of 16 to8 in. (0.4 to 0.2 m). For standard sizes, refer to Table 1. Theindentor may be either monol
35、ithic or have a detachable footpart to permit the use of varying foot sizes. The detachable footmust be attached tightly to the plunger before proceeding to the4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis DEK-TRON Scientific Instruments, 244 East Third Street, Pl
36、ainfield, NJ 07060.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee1, which you may attend.TABLE 1 Sample Conditioning and Testing Procedur
37、eSpecificationConditioningFoot Geometry and Diameter Total Load Indentation TimeRecovery Time forResidualIndentationTemperature Time MediumF1066 77 6 1F25 6 0.5C1530 min or 1 h water spherical 30 6 0.25 lb 1 min N/A0.25 6 0.0005 in. (13.6 6 0.115 kg)air (6.35 6 0.0127 mm)77 6 1F25 6 0.5C1530 min or
38、1 h water spherical 30 6 0.25 lb 10 min N/A0.25 6 0.0005 in. (13.6 6 0.115 kg)air (6.35 6 0.0127 mm)115 6 1F46 6 1C1530 min or 1 h water spherical 30 6 0.25 lb 30 s N/A0.256 0.0005 in. (13.6 6 0.115 kg)air (6.35 6 0.0127 mm)F1303, Type I 75 6 4F23 6 2C6 h air spherical 50 6 0.5 lb 5 min 60 min0.75 6
39、 0.0005 in. (22.7 6 0.225 kg)(19.05 6 0.0127 mm)F1303, Type IIF191375 6 4F23 6 2C6 h air flat 75 6 0.75 lb 15 min 60 min0.25 6 0.0005 in. (34.2 6 0.340 kg)(6.35 6 0.0127 mm)F1700 75 6 4F23 6 2C6 h air flat 140 6 1lb 10min 60min0.178 6 0.0005 in. (63.5 6 0.454 kg)(4.521 6 0.0127 mm)F1914 07 (2011)3te
40、sts. The upper end of the indentor is provided with aweight-releasing device for applying the load without impact tothe indentor and for activating a dial indicator from which thedepth of penetration of the indentor can be read. The weight ofthe indentor shall be 1 6 0.01 lb (0.45 6 0.05 kg).12.3 Th
41、e dial indicator attached to the plunger part of theindentor is equipped with a scale graduated to read the depth ofindentation to 0.001 in. (0.025 mm). This dial indicator is notneeded for residual indentation.12.4 The metal plate for supporting the specimen shall befixed rigidly in a horizontal po
42、sition in the framework of theapparatus and shall have a smooth, flat surface.12.5 An appropriate clock that will indicate the time inseconds.13. Procedure13.1 Test Specimen:13.1.1 Cut a specimen of floor covering at least 2 by 2 in.(50 by 50 mm) in size if rectangular, or 2 in. (50 mm) indiameter,
43、if circular.13.1.2 Use a specimen the same thickness as the sampleunless otherwise specified in the detail products specification.13.2 Conditioning(see Table 1 for specific conditioningrequirements).13.2.1 There is a selection of sample conditioning. The useof air conditioning or of water immersion
44、conditioning isdefined in the detail products specification. Immersion shallnot be used if water causes the product to swell.FIG. 2 Apparatus for Measuring Indentation and Residual IndentationF1914 07 (2011)413.2.2 Condition and test the specimen in air maintained at73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5
45、% relative humidityunless otherwise specified.13.2.3 If conditioning in water, maintain the water tempera-ture at 77 6 0.9F (25 6 0.5C) or 115 6 1F (46 6 0.5C).Immerse the specimen for not less than 15 min or more than 30min before testing in either air or water.13.2.4 Do not condition or test linol
46、eum, felt-backed, foamor rubber products in water. Do not condition or test anyproduct in water that will swell as a result of water immersion.13.3 Testing:13.3.1 Use a flat indentor foot 0.178 in. (4.52 mm) indiameter unless otherwise specified. Apply the total load to thespecimen detailed in Table
47、 1.13.3.2 Apply the load for 30 6 2 s unless otherwisespecified in the detail products specification. For residualindentation measurements, allow the specimen to rest 60 6 1min between the removal of the load and the measurement ofthickness. Refer to Table 1 for detailed information regardingconditi
48、oning, indentor foot geometry, total load and applicationtime.13.3.3 Determine the initial thickness of the specimen at thecenter using the dial micrometer. Record the value to thenearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) as T1.13.3.4 Place the specimen, with the wearing surface up, flaton the supporting plate o
49、f the apparatus. Gently lower thespecified indentor foot without impact until it contacts thesurface of the specimen where the initial thickness measure-ment was made. Set the dial indicator scale to zero. Apply thespecified total load to the specimen using the weight release.Maintain the load for the required time. Read the indentationfrom the dial indicator after the required time has elapsed.Record the value to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) as T2,then remove the weight.13.3.5 Set the specimen aside for the required recovery tim
