1、Designation: F1914 18Standard Test Methods forShort-Term Indentation and Residual Indentation ofResilient Floor Covering1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1914; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures to determine short-term indentation and residual indentation of resilient
3、flooring,when subjected to concentrated loads.1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:SectionIndentation by McBurney2Test 4 to 10Indentation and Residual Indentation 11 to 151.3 There are two procedures with their respective appara-tus. The first (McBurney Test) is described in Sections 4
4、 to 10and is restricted to a spherical foot. It is only used for initialindentation measurements of VCT. The second is described inSections 11 to 15 and has interchangeable feet with variablegeometry. It is used to measure initial and residual indentation.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units ar
5、e to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
6、 of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization esta
7、blished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDeterm
8、ine the Precision of a Test MethodE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision LiquidsF141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor CoveringsF1066 Specification for Vinyl Composition Floor TileF1303 Specification for Sheet Vinyl Floor Covering withBackingF1700
9、Specification for Solid Vinyl Floor TileF1913 Specification for Vinyl Sheet Floor Covering WithoutBackingF2982 Specification for Polyester Composition Floor Tile3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology F141.INITIAL INDENTATION MEASUREMENTS O
10、F VCT(MCBURNEY TEST)24. Significance and Use4.1 This test method measures short-term indentation ofresilient flooring and is useful as a predictor of performance inactual installations over time.4.2 The slope, m, of a log-log plot indentation (I) versustime (T), is related to the indentation of tile
11、 in service. The115F (46C) indentation is a measure of the tendency of thetile to indent at temperatures above 77F (25C).5. Apparatus5.1 Apparatus2The indentation tester is a spherical footdevice consisting essentially of a rigidly mounted indentoracting under an initial load of 2.00 6 0.02 lbf (8.9
12、0 6 0.09 N)and a total deadweight load of 30.00 lbf 6 0.25 lbf (133.45 61.11 N) with a suitable dial indicator, calibrated in 0.0005 in.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on TestMethods
13、- Performance.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F191417. DOI: 10.1520/F1914-18.2The sole source of supply of the McBurney Indentation Tester known to thecommittee at this time is Frazier Precision Co, Gai
14、thersburg, MD. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee1, which you may attend.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websit
15、e, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesT
16、his international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade
17、(TBT) Committee.1(0.01 mm) increments. The spherical foot shall be 0.250 60.0005 in. (6.35 6 0.01 mm) in diameter. A suitable apparatusis shown in Fig. 1.5.2 Flat Glass Plate, of 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) minimumthickness for supporting the specimen and tester during test.5.3 Timing Device that will indica
18、te the time in seconds.5.4 Thermometer, calibrated as in Specification E2251.5.5 Circular Plexiglas Template, 3.50 in. (88.9 mm) indiameter, 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) thick and having a 0.3125 in.(7.94 mm) diameter hole drilled in the center and a 0.75 in.(19.05 mm) diameter concentric circle etched on the
19、 face.5.6 Water Baths, or air atmosphere maintained at 77 60.9F (25 6 0.5C) or 115 6 1F (46 6 0.5C).6. Test Specimens6.1 The test specimen shall be a full tile, usually 12 by 12 in.(approximately 305 by 305 mm) or 9 by 9 in. (approximately230 by 230 mm). Larger tiles shall be cut to one of the above
20、sizes.7. Conditioning7.1 For testing in air, condition the specimen(s) for1hatthetest temperature.7.2 For testing in water, condition the specimen(s) at the testtemperature for 15 min minimum and 30 min maximum (seeTable 1).7.3 Condition the indentation tester and glass plate in thesame medium and f
21、or at least the same time period as thespecimen(s).8. Procedures8.1 Nonembossed Surfaces:8.1.1 Place the specimen on the glass plate with the wearingsurface up.8.1.2 Place the indentor on the specimen. Be sure theindentor tip is retracted into the base when the instrument isplaced on the specimen an
22、d when being moved to another testlocation.8.1.3 Apply the initial 2-lbf (8.9-N) load (shaft assembly) tothe specimen surface.8.1.3.1 Position the 28-lbf (124.5-N) load on the specimenby holding down with the thumb the 2-lbf (8.9-N) shaft crossbar to proper load.8.1.3.2 Gently lower the load to forc
23、e the shaft cross barupward until there is no clearance between the shaft and theupper wear plate. This will ensure proper 2-lbf (8.9-N) loadingand positioning of the 28-lbf (124.5-N) load.8.1.4 Set the dial gage at zero.8.1.5 Release the 28-lbf (124.5-N) load and start the timingdevice. (Steps 8.1.
24、3 8.1.5 should not exceed a total of 5 s.)Load release should be smooth and as mechanical as possible.Turn the collar at least one-half turn beyond release to allowFIG. 1 Apparatus for Measuring Indentation: McBurneyF1914 182sufficient travel for indentation. Do not hold the collar handleafter the l
25、oad is released as this may tilt the instrument fromvertical.8.1.6 Record the depth of indentation at 1 min 6 1 s and 10min 6 1 s to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.0025 mm) for 77F(25C) testing and at 30 6 1 s for 114.8F (46C) testing.8.1.7 Perform three of the required tests at randomly se-lected locati
26、ons on the specimens. Record the three individualreadings and the average for each time period.8.2 Embossed Surfaces:8.2.1 Prior to conditioning use the template described in 5.5to locate areas on the specimen where a flat surface lies withinthe 0.75 in. (19.05 mm) diameter circle etched in the temp
27、late.Mark the area for placement of the indentor by tracing aroundthe template with a pencil. Follow the procedure detailed in 8.1 8.1.7 after placing the indentor with its base inside the circle.NOTE 1If the embossed surface of the tile is such that a 0.75 in.diameter smooth area cannot be located
28、in the same or parallel plane thatthe indentor base will rest on, or the surface is competely nonuniform suchas a textured surface, or both, the test shall not be made.9. Report9.1 Report the tile indentation as the average value(s) of thethree tests made at each temperature and time interval. These
29、shall be designated as the 1-min, 10-min and 30-s indentationvalues. Include in the report the nominal gage of the tile; thatis, 1/16, 3/32, or 1/8 in. (approximately 1.6, 2.4, or 3.2 mm,respectively).10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision statement is based on roundrobin testing performe
30、d at committee members laboratoriesusing this procedure to perform the tests.10.1.1 RepeatabilityThe estimated repeatability at the 95% confidence limit is as follows:For 1 and 10-min indentations 0.0005 in.For 30 s indentation 0.001 in.For slope m of the log l/log T 0.008 mils/decade min10.1.2 Repr
31、oducibilityBased on a limited study, the esti-mated reproducibility is as follows:For 1 and 10-min indentations 0.001 in.For 30 s indentation 0.002 in.For slope m of the log l/log T 0.02 mils/decade min10.2 AccuracyNo justifiable statement on accuracy can bemade, since the true value of the property
32、 cannot be establishedby an accepted reference method.INDENTATION AND RESIDUAL INDENTATION11. Significance and Use11.1 The indentation and the residual indentation of resilientfloor covering is important since the resistance and recoveryfrom indentation reflects on the ability of the resilient floor
33、covering to perform properly after installation.11.2 The indentation of a resilient floor covering shall bemeasured using a specified type of indentor, flat or spherical,under a specified load and time.11.3 The residual indentation of a resilient floor coveringshall be measured after a specified rec
34、overy time.11.4 See Table 1 for detailed testing and conditioningrequirements by products (specification) type.12. Apparatus12.1 The apparatus4shall consist of a dead weight loadedindentor with interchangeable feet of variante geometry. Thedevice shall be equipped with a dial gage indicator to measu
35、rethe depth of indentation and shall have a rigid metal plate forsupporting the specimen. The frame shall be capable of guidingthe weight assembly (Fig. 2).12.2 The indentor consists of a plunger part and a foot part.The plunger part is made of a steel bar rigidly supportedvertically in such a manne
36、r that its lower end face is flat andparallel to the specimen support. The foot part of the indentor4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis DEK-TRON Scientific Instruments, 244 East Third Street, Plainfield, NJ 07060.If you are aware of alternative suppliers
37、, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee1, which you may attend.TABLE 1 Sample Conditioning and Testing ParametersProductSpecificationConditioning Indentor FootTotal Load I
38、ndentation TimeRecoveryTime forResidualIndentationTemperature Medium Time Geometry DiameterF106677 1F25 0.5Cwater 1530 minspherical0.25 0.0005 in.(6.35 0.0127 mm)300.25lb(13.6 0.115 kg)1 min N/Aair 1 hF106677 1F25 0.5Cwater 1530 minspherical0.25 0.0005 in.(6.35 0.0127 mm)300.25lb(13.6 0.115 kg)10 mi
39、n N/Aair 1 h115 1F46 1Cwater 1530 minspherical0.25 0.0005 in.(6.35 0.0127 mm)300.25lb(13.6 0.115 kg)30 s N/Aair 1 hF298273.4 3.6F(23 2C)water 1530 minspherical0.25 0.0005 in.(6.35 0.0127 mm)300.25lb(13.6 0.115 kg)1 min N/Aair 1 h73.4 3.6F(23 2C)water 1530 minspherical0.25 0.0005 in.(6.35 0.0127 mm)3
40、00.25lb(13.6 0.115 kg)10 min N/Aair 1 hF1303, Type I75 4F23 2Cair 6 h spherical0.75 0.0005 in.(19.05 0.0127 mm)50 0.5 lb(22.7 0.225 kg)5 min 60 minF1303, TypeIIF191375 4F23 2Cair 6 h flat0.25 0.0005 in.(6.35 0.0127 mm)750.75lb(34.2 0.340 kg)15 min 60 minF170075 4F23 2Cair 6 h flat0.178 0.0005 in.(4.
41、521 0.0127 mm)1401lb(63.5 0.454 kg)10 min 60 minF1914 183is either spherical or cylindrical with its axis perpendicular tothe specimen support. The face of the indentor foot thatcontacts the specimen is buffed smooth to a roughness of 16 to8 in. (0.4 to 0.2 m). For standard sizes, refer to Table 1.
42、Theindentor may be either monolithic or have a detachable footpart to permit the use of varying foot sizes. The detachable footmust be attached tightly to the plunger before proceeding to thetests. The upper end of the indentor is provided with aweight-releasing device for applying the load without
43、impact tothe indentor and for activating a dial indicator from which thedepth of penetration of the indentor can be read. The weight ofthe indentor shall be 1 6 0.01 lb (0.45 6 0.05 kg).12.3 The dial indicator attached to the plunger part of theindentor is equipped with a scale graduated to read the
44、 depth ofindentation to 0.001 in. (0.025 mm). This dial indicator is notneeded for residual indentation.12.4 The metal plate for supporting the specimen shall befixed rigidly in a horizontal position in the framework of theapparatus and shall have a smooth, flat surface.12.5 An appropriate clock tha
45、t will indicate the time inseconds.13. Procedure13.1 Test Specimen:13.1.1 Cut a specimen of floor covering at least 2 by 2 in.(50 by 50 mm) in size if rectangular, or 2 in. (50 mm) indiameter, if circular.13.1.2 Use a specimen the same thickness as the sampleunless otherwise specified in the detail
46、products specification.13.2 Conditioning(see Table 1 for specific conditioningrequirements).FIG. 2 Apparatus for Measuring Indentation and Residual IndentationF1914 18413.2.1 There is a selection of sample conditioning. The useof air conditioning or of water immersion conditioning isdefined in the d
47、etail products specification. Immersion shallnot be used if water causes the product to swell.13.2.2 Condition and test the specimen in air maintained at73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidityunless otherwise specified.13.2.3 If conditioning in water, maintain the water tempera-ture at
48、77 6 0.9F (25 6 0.5C) or 115 6 1F (46 6 0.5C).Immerse the specimen for not less than 15 min or more than 30min before testing in either air or water.13.2.4 Do not condition or test linoleum, felt-backed, foamor rubber products in water. Do not condition or test anyproduct in water that will swell as
49、 a result of water immersion.13.3 Testing:13.3.1 Use a flat indentor foot 0.178 in. (4.52 mm) indiameter unless otherwise specified. Apply the total load to thespecimen detailed in Table 1.13.3.2 Apply the load for 30 6 2 s unless otherwisespecified in the detail products specification. For residualindentation measurements, allow the specimen to rest 60 6 1min between the removal of the load and the measurement ofthickness. Refer to
