1、Designation: F 1922 98 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forTires, Pneumatic, Vehicular, Highway1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1922; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis ASTM Standard has been developed to replace ASTM Provisional Standard PS 63-97. Theprovisional standard was approved so th
3、at the U.S. military and other government agencies couldcontinue to purchase tested and qualified tires, until F 1922 had been approved. The provisionalstandard replaced the governments specification ZZ-T-381, Federal Specification, Tires, Pneumatic,Vehicular, Highway, under the former Federal Tire
4、Program. That program was discontinued and isreplaced by the U.S. Army Tank Automotive Commands Cooperative Tire Qualification Program(CTQP). While fulfilling the militarys commercial and tactical needs, the CTQPwill continue to servefederal, state and local agencies that want to purchase qualified
5、tires using this test method.This test method is designed to be used in conjunction with the Administrators Approval andRequirements Manual (CTQP F 1922) (1),2to qualify tires for purchase primarily by the U.S. federalgovernment, military, and other state and local entities.1. Scope1.1 This test met
6、hod covers comparative tire durability andtreadwear. This test method covers commercially available,over the highway pneumatic tires, new and retreaded, both tubetype and tubeless, for use on conventional passenger cars,station wagons, pursuit and emergency high speed and pursuitpassenger vehicles,
7、light trucks, medium to heavy truck,trailers, buses, and similar vehicles normally operated onpublic roads and highways. This test method also coverscommercially available, special application light truck tires foroperation on non-improved road surfaces.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be re
8、garded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and dete
9、rmine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessF 414 Test Method for Energy Absorbed by a Tire WhenDeformed by a Slow-Moving PlungerF 538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and
10、 Per-formance of TiresF 1806 Practice for Tire Testing OperationsBasic Con-cepts and Terminology for Reference Tire Use3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 alignment, nthe adjustment of various parts of thevehicles suspension system to ensure proper handling stabilityand to minimize abnormal tire tre
11、adwear.3.1.2 balancing, na process to correct for heavy or lightareas of a tire and wheel assembly.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThere are some instances where bal-ancing is done to the tire within the factory by the manufac-turer.3.1.3 bead, nof a tire, the part of a tire that comes incontact with the rim and
12、is shaped to secure the tire to the rim.F 5381This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tiresand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previou
13、s edition approved in 1998 as F 1922 98.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume in
14、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.4 bead separation, na breakdown of bond betweentire components in the bead area.3.1.5 belt separation, na
15、breakdown of bonding betweenthe belts or plies or tread, or combination thereof.3.1.6 break, na crack or tear extending into or through thereinforcing material.3.1.7 candidate tire, na test tire that is part of a testprogram. F 18063.1.8 caravan, nfor purposes of a tire test, two or morevehicles run
16、ning in the same time frame, over the same testcourse(s), under similar but independent conditions.3.1.8.1 DiscussionA caravan can have dissimilar controlgroups for each vehicle in the group with independent rotationschedules for each tire group and vehicle. A caravan isindependent and a convoy is i
17、nterdependent.3.1.9 casing, nof a tire, a used or treadless tire to whichadditional tread rubber may be attached for the purpose ofretreading. F 5383.1.10 control tire, na reference tire used in a specifiedmanner throughout a test program. F 18063.1.11 convoy, nin tire testing, two or more vehiclesr
18、unning at the same time, over the same test course, under thesame interdependent conditions.3.1.12 cord, nin a tire, filament(s) or plied yarns used inmaking a tire ply. F 5383.1.13 cross-country track, nsurface not subject to re-peated traffic in addition, no roads, routes, well-worn trails orman-m
19、ade improvements; can consist of tank trails withcrushed rock or having large exposed obstacles (rocks, boul-ders, etc.).3.1.14 gravel road, ntwo lane, all-weather, occasionallymaintained, hard or loose surface (for example, large rock,paved, crushed rock, gravel) intended for medium-weight,low-dens
20、ity traffic, in accordance with the U.S. Federal High-way Administration.3.1.15 groove, na void that is relatively narrow comparedto its length. F 5383.1.16 groove (void) depth, nmeasurement of the perpen-dicular distance from a real or calculated reference defined byedges of two adjacent ribs (lugs
21、) to the lowest point of contactin the groove (void). F 5383.1.17 load range, na letter designation (A, B, C, D) or,for P-metric tires, standard load (SL) or extra load (XL), usedto identify a given size tire with its load and inflation limitswhen used in a specific type of service. F 5383.1.18 load
22、 rating, nthe maximum load a tire is rated tocarry for a given usage at a specified cold inflation pressure.F 5383.1.19 outside diameter, nthe maximum diameter of a tirewhen it is mounted and inflated. F 5383.1.20 overall width, nthe maximum cross-sectionalwidth of a tire, including protective or de
23、corative ribs. F 5383.1.21 paved road, ntwo or more lanes, all-weather,maintained, hard surface roads with good driving visibilityused for heavy and high-density traffic, in accordance with theU.S. Federal Highway Administration.3.1.22 secondary road, ntwo lane, occasionally main-tained, hard or loo
24、se surface (for example, large rock, pavedcrush rock, gravel, soil aggregate) intended for medium-weight, low-density traffic, in accordance with the U.S. FederalHighway Administration. F 5383.1.23 section width, nthe width of a new tire, including24-h inflation growth and including normal sidewalls
25、, but notincluding protective side ribs, bars, or decorations.3.1.24 sidewall, nof a tire, that portion of a tire betweenthe tread and the bead. F 5383.1.25 tire, na load-bearing ground-contacting circumfer-ential attachment to a vehicle wheel. F 5383.1.26 tire, bias, na pneumatic tire in which the
26、ply cordsthat extend to the beads are laid at angles substantially less than90 to the center line of the tread. F 5383.1.26.1 DiscussionIt should be noted that the Interna-tional Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines the wordas “bias ply tire (diagonal), na pneumatic tire in which theply co
27、rds extending to the beads are laid at alternate anglessubstantially less than 90 degrees to the center line of thetread.”3.1.27 tire, radial, na pneumatic tire in which the plycords that extend to the beads are laid substantially at 90 to thecenter line of the tread, the tire being stabilized by a
28、belt.F 5383.1.27.1 DiscussionIt should be noted that the Interna-tional Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines the wordas “radial tire, na pneumatic tire structure in which the plycords extend to the beads and are laid substantially at 90degrees to the center line of the tread, the carcass b
29、eingstabilized by an essentially inextensible circumferential belt.”3.1.28 tread, nof a tire, the part of a tire that comes incontact with the ground. F 5383.1.29 tread arc width, nthe length of the arc measuredfrom one extreme of tread design proper to the oppositeextreme; that is, from shoulder to
30、 shoulder perpendicular to thecircumferential center line. F 5383.1.30 tread radius, nthe radius of a circle whose arc bestfits the tread surface when radius template used in headperpendicular to the circumferential center line of an inflatedtire. F 5384. Significance and Use4.1 This test method est
31、ablishes a standard procedure ofcomparative testing, for tire durability and treadwear, for theuse of approving tires under the Administrators CooperativeApproved Tire List (CATL) (2).5. Procedure5.1 Procedures for testing passenger car, light truck, andtruck-bus tires are contained in Methods 1, 2,
32、 and 3, respec-tively. Procedures for testing Off Road Severe Application(ORSA) tires are contained in Method 4.5.2 Method 1Passenger Car Tires:5.2.1 Selection and Preparation of the Test Tires:5.2.1.1 All tires shall meet specified requirements of 49CFR 571 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 109
33、, 110, 117F 1922 98 (2005)2(3); part 574 (4); part 575.104 (5); as well as state and localregulations, as applicable. All tire sidewall markings shall berecorded.5.2.1.2 Retreaded tires submitted for testing shall meet therequirements in the Administrators Approval and Require-ments Manual for Tire,
34、 Pneumatic: Retreaded and Repaired(CTQP-441) (6).5.2.2 Tire Durability and Treadwear Road TestThe dura-bility and treadwear road tests shall be performed at acommercial test facility acceptable to the Administrator or at aGovernment test facility as specified.5.2.3 Vehicle(s) Selection and Preparati
35、onThe vehicle(s)used for testing passenger car tires shall be of the samemanufacture, model and model year, have identical drive trains(engine CID and horsepower, transmissions, and rear axleratio), brake shoes/disc pads and drums/rotors, suspensioncomponents, etc., and be of identical curb weight.
36、All ve-hicle(s) used for testing shall be rear wheel drive. The load oneach wheel shall not be less than 85 % nor more than 90 % ofthe maximum single load of the test tire for passenger car, asspecified in The Tire and RimAssociation, Inc., Year Book (7),The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organizat
37、ion, StandardsManual (8), or the Japan Automobile Tire ManufacturersAssociation, Inc., Year Book (9). After the vehicle(s) is (are)correctly loaded, it (they) shall stand for 24 h. If the suspensionbottoms out during this period, the vehicle(s) shall not be usedto conduct the test.Aconstant weight s
38、hall be maintained in thedrivers seat area that will equate the driver to that of theheaviest driver in the caravan. All axles of the vehicle(s) shallbe aligned in accordance with the vehicle manufacturersspecifications prior to the beginning of the test. This alignmentshall be checked at each tire
39、rotation period. Any change in thevehicles(s) or wheels(s) alignment outside the manufactur-ers specifications shall be recorded and corrected. Vehicle(s)shall be inspected before each test period for loose steeringlinkage, loose suspension components, loose wheel nuts, dam-aged rims, etc. If an ano
40、maly is noted, it shall be recorded andcorrected. Tires of different sizes or constructions shall not bemixed on any test vehicle(s). Tires of each group shall bemounted on the test vehicle(s) as singlesone tire on eachwheel position. Tires of each group shall be tested on vehicle(s)in caravan or in
41、 a convoy at theAdministrators discretion.Anymodification(s) to the vehicle(s) or to test procedures to carrythe load must be approved by the Administrator.5.2.4 MountingThe tires shall be mounted with tubes(when required) and flaps (if required) on rims specified in andinflated to the air pressure
42、for the specified load as in The Tireand Rim Association, Inc., Year Book (7), The European Tyreand Rim Technical Organization, Standards Manual (8),ortheJapan Automobile Tire Manufacturers Association, Inc., YearBook (9). The air used for inflating tires or tubes, or both, shallbe filtered to remov
43、e oil, dirt and water. Any pieces of rubber(vents, flash, etc.) remaining on the tire tread after trimming,that may interfere with proper tire measurements, shall beremoved. Tire and wheel shall be dynamically balanced. Tiremeasurements shall be recorded as detailed in the Administra-tors Approval a
44、nd Requirements Manual for use with F 1922(1). Rims used for mounting passenger car tires are to beplaced on the test vehicle(s) and shall not have more than0.9 mm (0.034 in.) lateral and radial runout. If an anomaly isnoted, the rim shall be discarded.5.2.5 Test Procedures:5.2.5.1 Tread Measurement
45、sMeasurements shall be takenevery 5149 km (3200 miles) and shall begin following the1287 km (800 mile) break-in period. Measurements shall notbe made on the treadwear indicators.5.2.5.2 Control Tire SelectionNew and retreaded tiresshall be tested separately. Testing for new tires shall incorpo-rate
46、a new passenger car tire as the control tire, and testing forretreaded tires shall incorporate a retread passenger car tire asthe control tire.5.2.5.3 Tire Rotation ProcedureThe tire rotation periodfor each passenger car tire shall be at each 1287 km (800 mile)increment of the test (25 rotation peri
47、ods). Each test tire shallbe rotated to a different wheel position at each tire rotationperiod of the test. Each test tire shall be rotated to anothervehicle after being mounted on two positions of a vehicle. Eachtest tire is to be rotated to a different wheel position at eachprescribed rotation per
48、iod (see Administrators Approval andRequirements Manual for use with F 1922 (1). The rotationpattern is to be a rearward-cross pattern in which the tire on theforward axle of the test vehicle is moved to the rear axle of thatvehicle on the opposite side. The tire on the rear axle is to berotated to
49、the forward axle of the next test vehicle in theconvoy on the same side. The tire on the rear axle of the lasttest vehicle in the convoy is to be moved to the front most axleon the same side of the first test vehicle in the convoy. Whenonly a single test vehicle is involved, the tire rotation shallcontinue on that vehicle for the duration of the test. The testvehicle shall remain in the same order in the convoy through-out the entire test for any particular type of tire.5.2.5.4 Test Course ProcedureThe test course f
