1、Designation: F1972 051F1972 13Standard Guide forTerminology Relating to Candles and Associated AccessoryItems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEAdded terms editorially in January 2013.1. Scope1.1 This guide defines standard terms used to describe candles and associated
3、accessory products.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750CF2058 Specification for Candle
4、Fire Safety LabelingF2326 Test Method for Collection and Analysis of Visible Emissions from Candles as They BurnF2417 Specification for Fire Safety for CandlesF2601 Specification for Fire Safety for Candle Accessories2.2 NFPA Standard:3NFPA 909 Code for the Protection of Cultural Resources3. Termino
5、logy3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 base material, nintended fuel source for candle flame. F24173.1.2 burn cycle, nlength of time the candle is burned during one test day. For this test, a burn cycle is 4 h (see SpecificationF2417). F23263.1.3 burn period, ntotal time the ca
6、ndle is burned over the duration of the test. For this test, the burn period will be 16 h.F23263.1.4 burn time, ntime interval a test specimen supports sustained flaming combustion after removal of the ignition sourceuntil all flaming ceases. F26013.1.5 candle, none or more combustible wicks support
7、ed by a material that constitutes a fuel which is solid, semi-solid, orquasi-rigid at room temperature, 68 to 80F (20 to 27C); it can also contain additives that are used for color, odor,scent, stability,or to modify the burning characteristics; the combined function of which is to sustain a light-p
8、roducing flame.3.1.5.1 altar candle, ncandle that is constructed, packaged, and labeled as an altar candle.(1) DiscussionThe candle is used in a place of worship in close proximity to the altar during the religious service or ceremony.F24173.1.5.2 birthday candle, ncandle whose sole purpose is to be
9、 used on a birthday cake. F24173.1.5.3 Easter, Paschal, sacramental candle, ncandle that is constructed, packaged, and labeled as an Easter, Paschal, orsacramental candle (or some combination of these names, for example, Easter/Paschal), generally 43.2 cm (17.0 in.) or more in1 This guide is under t
10、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.45 on Candle Products.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005Sept. 1, 2013. Published September 2005January 2014. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 19992005as F
11、1972 99.F1972 051. DOI: 10.1520/F1972-05E01.10.1520/F1972-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
12、3 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be techn
13、ically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
14、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1length.(1) DiscussionThe candle shall be displayed and burned in the place of worship as the focal candle during Easter or with thecelebration of various sacraments. The candle is adorned with symbols and ornamentation as required and deemed a
15、ppropriate.F24173.1.5.4 filled candle, na candle produced and used within the same vessel. F20583.1.5.5 freestanding candle, na rigid candle (for example, pillar-shaped, column-shaped, or figurine) that is intended to beburned only on a heatresistant, noncombustible surface or on a heat-resistant, n
16、oncombustible candle accessory.3.1.5.6 taper candle, na slender candle produced to be used with a candle accessory for support.3.1.5.7 tealight candle, na cylindrical filled candle produced with a diameter and height of approximately 1.5 in. (38 mm) and0.75 in. (19 mm) respectively3.1.5.8 votive can
17、dle, na candle produced for use fully within a candle accessory, specifically, a votive holder.3.1.6 candle accessory, nan object designed for use with a candle. F26013.1.6.1 votive holder, na small open vessel designed to hold a votive candle during use; the votive holder must be capable ofcontaini
18、ng the entire volume of the melted votive candle.3.1.7 candle burner, ncandle holder that has an enclosed, but vented, area in which to put a candle, said candle providing asource of heat or light or both.3.1.7.1 DiscussionDoes not include the item known as a “candle follower” also referred to by th
19、e term “candle burner” in the liturgical industry.F26013.1.8 candle flashover, ncondition where the base materials vapors ignite over the entire fuel pool. F24173.1.9 candle holder, ncandle accessory onto which a candle is placed. It may support, hold or contain a candle when in use.3.1.9.1 Discussi
20、onFilled candles are not candle holders. F26013.1.10 candle ring, ncandle accessory intended to surround the candle with decorative materials in proximity to a candle,including, but not limited to, a continuous ring or loose fill material. F26013.1.11 consumption rate, nrate at which a candle is con
21、sumed measured in grams of fuel consumed per hour.3.1.11.1 DiscussionConsumption rate is determined by weighing a candle prior to burning and then again at the end of the life or burn cycle of thecandle. The weight consumed in grams is then divided by the burn time in hours to arrive at a consumptio
22、n rate in grams per hour.F26013.1.12 end of useful life, nwhen the candle ceases to support combustion and the candle flame(s) goes(go) out on its own, asdesigned, and cannot be re-lit. F24173.1.13 ensemble, na candle and items physically packaged together and intended for use with the candle for sa
23、le as one unitat the retail level. F24173.1.14 fire safety warning, nprecautionary information on the label, consisting of the safety alert symbol, the signal word (ifpresent), the fire safety warning statement(s) and pictograms (if present) required by this standard to appear on the unit of sale.F2
24、0583.1.15 fire safety warning statement(s), nspecific warning message(s) required by this standard. F20583.1.16 fuel pool, npool of molten base material. F24173.1.17 fuel pool establishment period, n time, 15 min or longer, before each burn cycle that a candle must be burned toestablish a normal fue
25、l pool and stable flame. F23263.1.18 gel type candle, na candle where the primary fuel is a liquid, such as mineral oil, terpene type chemicals, or modifiedhydrocarbons that are not mineral oil based, which may or may not contain organic functional groups; it also contains a chemicalagent to increas
26、e the viscosity (thicken) to a point where the candle has a quasi-rigid property.3.1.19 ignition, ninitiation of combustion.F1972 1323.1.19.1 DiscussionThe combustion is typically evidenced by glow or flame. The combustion may be sustained or transient. F26013.1.20 label, nthe term label is used to
27、refer not only to stick-on-type labels, but to any other method of providing the warningmessage, for example, melt imprinting, embossing, direct printing, etc.display of textual or graphic matter on the unit of sale.F20583.1.21 molten fuel pool, nportion of the wax or fuel pool of a candle that is i
28、n the liquid form when the candle is burning.F23263.1.22 noncombustible, adjnot capable of igniting and burning when subjected to a fire under specified conditions.3.1.22.1 DiscussionMaterials that are reported as passing Test Method E136 are considered noncombustible. F2417, F26013.1.23 optical den
29、sitometer, ninstrument used for determining the optical density in the transmittance or reflectance mode.F23263.1.24 packaging, nexternal container, such as a box, case, bag or sleeve in which a candle(s) is sold. Packaging does notinclude the vessel of a filled candle. F20583.1.25 pictogram, ngraph
30、ic symbol intended to convey a message without the use of words. F20583.1.26 place of worship, nany building that functions primarily as a group meeting place for the practice of religion (see NFPA909).3.1.26.1 DiscussionThis includes, but is not limited to, churches, synagogues, cathedrals, temples
31、, and meeting halls. F24173.1.27 potpourri burner, ncandle burner designed to provide a source of heat to warm a reservoir of extraneous material.F26013.1.28 product display space, nthe area of the panel seen by the retail customer on which the warning label is displayed whenlooking at the top, bott
32、om, or sides of the unit of sale.3.1.29 safety alert symbol, ngraphic symbol consisting of an exclamation point inside of an equilateral triangle with the pointof the triangle oriented upward (see upward.2). F20583.1.30 secondary ignition, nself-sustained flame other than that on the intended wick(s
33、) that occurs during candle use,including candle flashover. F24173.1.31 self-sustained flame, nflame that continues to burn until the fuel source is removed or depleted or requires manualextinguishing. F24173.1.32 signal word, nthe word WARNING as it appears in the fire safety warning. F20583.1.33 s
34、ustained flaming, nexistence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen for periods of 4 s or more.3.1.33.1 DiscussionSustained flaming starts at the beginning of the period when a flame is found on or over the surface. F26013.1.34 top of the candle, nthe upper most part of the candle or contai
35、ner. F23263.1.35 unit of sale, nthe candle or candle and its container or package as purchased by the consumer. F20583.1.36 visible emissions, nemissions that can be seen once collected on a substrate. F23263.1.37 warning panel, nentire surface of the panel on which the fire safety warning appears o
36、n the unit of sale. F20583.1.38 wax, na crystalline, plastic solid or semi-solid material at 77F (25C), consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons orhydrocarbon derivatives, or both, that typically at temperatures equal to or greater than 104F (40C), melts and becomes a lowviscosity liquid. Waxes may b
37、e of mineral (particularly petroleum), vegetable, animal (including insect), or synthetic origin.3.1.39 wax candle, na candle for which the primary fuel is wax.3.1.40 wick, nan object that delivers fuel to a flame through the process of capillary action.F1972 1334. Significance and Use4.1 This guide
38、 is used to establish a set of definitions that allows manufacturers, consumers, retailers, and the scientificcommunity to use a common language to define candles and associated accessory items.5. Keywords5.1 candle; flame; wickASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any pate
39、nt rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision
40、at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your commen
41、ts will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted
42、by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F1972 134
