1、Designation: F 396 00 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Practice forComparing One-Time Noncorrectable Typewriter Ribbons1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 396; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides information and techniques forevaluating several performance qualities of one-time noncor-rec
3、table typewriter ribbons on a comparative basis for generaloffice use, but not for specialized applications such as opticalcharacter recognition (OCR), data terminals, etc.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibilit
4、y of whoever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesF 550 Test Method for Lithographic P
5、roperties of ImagingMaterials3F 627 Practice for Testing Flake of Single-Strike FilmTypewriter Ribbons2.2 ANSI Standards:PH2.17 Density MeasurementsGeometric Conditions forReflection Density4PH2.18 Density MeasurementsSpectral Conditions43. Summary of Practice3.1 This practice essentially consists o
6、f testing one-timenoncorrectable ribbons under actual- and simulated-use typeconditions, employing an automatic or robot typewriter, andseveral use-simulating techniques generally accepted in thisindustry. All tests must be run in duplicate under the sameconditions so that comparative results are ob
7、tained.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice can be used to evaluate various propertiesof one-time noncorrectable ribbons on a comparative basis.These properties include write, flake-off, heat stability, bleed-through, offset master erasability, reproduction, unintentionaltransfer, and general qu
8、ality, that is, splices, skips, and holes incoating, offset to back of ribbon, and transfer to fingers.4.2 This practice is suitable for comparative service evalu-ation and research and development. This practice may not bepractical for manufacturing control because of time required torun some of th
9、e tests.5. Apparatus and Materials5.1 Electric Typewriter, which can be used in conjunctionwith a robot device (or can be programmed) that has beenadjusted in accordance with the instructions supplied by themanufacturer.5.2 Reflection Densitometer, meeting the geometric condi-tions of PH2.17 and the
10、 spectral conditions of PH2.18.5.3 Oven, capable of maintaining 120 6 2F (49 6 1C) at40 % relative humidity for 48 h.5.4 Magnifier,43.5.5 Paper, of the type to be used when ribbon is “in use.”5.6 Reflectance Meter, equipped with a 0.008-in. (0.2-mm)aperature.5.7 Sutherland Ink Rub Tester.5.8 Polyeth
11、ylene Foam, 1/8-in. (3-mm) thick.5.9 Buehler Polishing Cloth, No. 4C-7228 or equivalent.6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimens shall be a portion of each of theribbons not previously used or handled.7. Conditioning7.1 Condition in accordance with Practice D 1776.8. Test Methods8.1 Write:8.1.1 Use th
12、e robot device to prepare a standardized numberof lines of typing.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessCopy Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.02 on CarbonPaper and Inked Ribbons.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published December
13、 2004. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 396 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
14、 page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4thFloor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8.1.2 Measure the reflection density of each imag
15、e inaccordance with PH2.17 and PH2.18 or make a visual com-parison.8.1.3 Examine writes under a 43 magnifier and comparethem for sharpness, uniformity, and voids.8.2 Flake-off:8.2.1 Test in accordance with Practice F 627.8.3 Oven Test (Effects of High Temperature):8.3.1 Place a sample ribbon in an o
16、ven at 120 6 2F (49 61C) at 40 % relative humidity for 48 h.8.3.2 After stabilization at 73 6 2F (236 1C) for 6 h,examine for loose cores, loose leaders, visible distortion,adhesion between layers, material transfer, and changes inwrite and flake-off in accordance with 8.1 and 8.2.8.4 Bleed-Through
17、(Cover-up Fluid, Tape, or Tabs):8.4.1 Treat separate standard write samples with cover-upfluid. Cover others with correction tape, and correct othersusing correction tabs.8.4.2 Compare after 5 min and again after 24 h with othersamples and untreated portions for bleeding and coverage.8.5 Offset Mast
18、er Erasability Test:8.5.1 Refer to appropriate section of Test Method F 550 forproper procedure to determine erasability properties. Use theprepared masters in 8.6.8.6 Reproduction:8.6.1 After typing age each master for a minimum period of1 h. Prepare the master and the offset press using the chemic
19、alsystem and technique recommended by the master manufac-turer.8.6.2 Run the number of copies specified by the manufac-turer as the masters life. Remove the master and store for 24h.8.6.3 Compare copies from each ribbon for freedom fromfilling, and for cleanliness, sharpness, and legibility. Record
20、thenumber of start-up sheets not acceptable for each ribbon.8.6.4 Compare with erasability results of 8.5.8.7 Unintentional Transfer (Smudge):8.7.1 Type six rows of Is single spaced, with 30 charactersin row at ten pitch.8.7.2 Place the section of paper with the typed Is facing up,onto the metal bas
21、e plate of the Sutherland Ink Rub Tester. Thesection should be firmly held in place directly under the centerswing of the weighted arm.8.7.2.1 Tape two 1 by 2-in. pieces of 1/8-in. polyethylenefoam to each end of the bottom of the 4-lb weight of the RubTester. Adhere two 1 by 2-in. pieces of Buehler
22、 PolishingCloth, No. 4C-7228. Carefully place the weight onto thesection of paper with the polishing cloth resting on the typedimpressions. (Replace cloth when visual smudging occurswhen using a clean piece of paper.)8.7.2.2 Lock the weight into the radius arm, set the timer torun for ten cycles, ru
23、n the tester, and remove the weight.8.7.3 Measure the reflectance of the space between the firstand second Is on each of the second and third rows from thetop left-hand and top right-hand corners. Position the detectionhead so that the aperture opening is between the Is.8.7.4 Average the four measur
24、ements.8.7.5 Rank samples by the reflectance value of smudgedarea, where No. 1 = lowest average reading. Thus No. 1 wouldexhibit the greatest unintentional transfer.8.8 General Quality:8.8.1 Unwind each ribbon and examine for splices andskips, and the degree of ink offset to back of ribbon.9. Identi
25、fication9.1 For identification of ribbons the following is suggested:9.1.1 Ribbon (name),9.1.2 Manufacturer,9.1.3 Manufacturers address,9.1.4 Base material,9.1.5 Color,9.1.6 Length,9.1.7 Width,9.1.8 Thickness,9.1.9 Core outside diameter,9.1.10 Core inside diameter,9.1.11 Roll outside diameter,9.1.12
26、 Leader material,9.1.13 Leader seal,9.1.14 Leader length,9.1.15 End warning,9.1.16 End length,9.1.17 Trailer material,9.1.18 Trailer length, and9.1.19 Package description.10. Precision and Bias10.1 This practice will provide repeatable ranking orderresults or repeatable relationship to a control wit
27、hin a labora-tory using the same typewriter and operator.10.2 Rank order and comparative results may not necessar-ily be reproduced between laboratories because of differencesin operators, typewriters, typewriter actions, and ambientconditions.11. Keywords11.1 noncorrectable typewriter ribbons; one-
28、time ribbons;typewriter; typewriter ribbonsF 396 00 (2004)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such pat
29、ent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited eit
30、her for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair
31、hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 396 00 (2004)3
