1、Designation: F 415 87 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forCurl in Carbon Paper1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 415; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of curl ofcarbon paper.1.2 This test method may be used for specification accep-tance, manufacturing co
3、ntrol, development, and research.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitat
4、ions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related ProductsD 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingE 104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidityby Mean
5、s of Aqueous SolutionsF 221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and InkedRibbon Products and Images Made Therefrom3. Terminology Definitions3.1 Refer to Terminology F 221.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Sheets of carbon paper are placed on a flat surface underdifferent conditions of humidity and with
6、a controlled tempera-ture. The amount of curl is expressed as height above a flatsurface attained by the edge of a carbon paper sheet.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to measure the amount ofcurl of a carbon paper sheet relative to the flat surfacesupporting the sample. The te
7、st is useful as a quality controlmethod and for predicting field performance.6. Apparatus6.1 Template, 3-in. (76-mm) square, metal.6.2 Rule, 6-in. (or an equivalent metric rule 150 mm). Therule shall be graduated either in inches with 0.1-in. subdivi-sions or in centimetres with 1-mm subdivisions, a
8、nd the zeromark must be at the edge of the rule.Also, the width of the ruleshould be a minimum of12 in. (12.7 mm) to facilitatesupporting the rule in an upright perpendicular position relativeto the flat supporting surface.6.3 Conditioning CabinetsThree humidity cabinets, elec-tric with positive uni
9、form air circulation, capable of maintain-ing the relative humidity and temperature ranges specified. Thecabinets should be free of any hygroscopic materials such aswood, fabric, paper, etc.; sealed from external moisture andeither insulated from external temperature changes or used in aroom maintai
10、ned at constant temperature. The cabinets shouldbe small. A useful configuration can be constructed as follows:transparent sides, 14 in. wide by 8 in. high by 26 in. long(metric units 356 by 203 by 660 mm). The front shall overlapthe sides and be hinged to serve as the door. During theconditioning i
11、nterval, the front door shall be sealed. Aninverted 6-in. (152-mm) rule can be supported on each wall ofthe conditioning cabinet to facilitate testing. The zero mark ofthe rule shall coincide with the top of the shelving upon whichthe sample is placed. A glass tray holding a saturated saltsolution s
12、hall be placed on the bottom of the conditioningcabinet and below the shelving which is perforated to assistcirculation. Chambers that mechanically control humidity,rather than with salts, are also acceptable.6.4 Hygrometer, accurate to 61% relative humidity over arange of 20 to 80% relative humidit
13、y.6.5 ShelvingFlat wire screens or similar shelving suffi-ciently rigid to hold its flatness, to fit inside the conditioningcabinets, approximately 3 in. (75 mm) above the bottom of thecabinets. They shall be so constructed as to allow uniform aircirculation.7. Reagents7.1 Reagents for maintaining a
14、ppropriate relative humiditiesare shown in Table 1. (See Practice E 104.)1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F05 on BusinessCopy Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F 05.02 on InkedTransfer Imagine Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Publish
15、ed August 2005. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 415 87 (2000)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard
16、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.1.1 A saturated salt solution is one in which the dissolvedsalt is in equilibrium with undissolved material of the samecomposition. Therefor
17、e, in order to be certain that saturationexists, there should always be some solid visible in the sametray that contains the saturated solution. Distilled water shouldbe used in making up the salt solution.7.2 The temperature at which the salt solutions are main-tained governs the humidity level. Th
18、ese salt solutions havebeen chosen because over the range from 73 to 100F (23 to38C) the relative humidity variation is small. It is intended forthis test to be performed at the 73F (23C) level.8. Sampling8.1 Sample the carbon copy paper in accordance withPractice D 585.9. Test Specimens9.1 Using th
19、e template and a sharp knife, cut 3-in. (76-mm)square specimens and mark the grain direction of each with asoft pencil on the top side. From each test unit of the sample,18 square specimens are required.10. Conditioning10.1 Condition the carbon paper sheets accordance withPractice D 685.10.2 The rec
20、ommended test conditions are three levels ofrelative humidity (22.9 6 2.0 %; 53.5 6 2.0 %; and 75.5 62.0 %) at a temperature of 73 6 3.5F (23 6 2C) and anexposure time of 2 h.11. Procedure11.1 Place three separate test specimens top or face side upand three separate test specimens top or face side d
21、own in eachof the conditioning cabinets.11.2 At the end of the exposure time, visually inspect thethree pairs of samples. Record which samples have curled, forexample, the sheets positioned face up or the sheets positionedface down, or both. Record the relative humidity, temperature,and time duratio
22、n of conditioning.11.3 Without removing the sheets from the cabinet, quicklymeasure and record the height of the curled-up edge of thecurled sheets. Report the class of curl as 0,14 ,12 , I, II, III, IV,or tube curl, described as follows:11.3.1 Class 0No curl by visual inspection. Paper will beflat.
23、11.3.2 Class14 Curl greater than Class 0 where any edgeor corner of the paper measures not more than14 in. (6.3 mm)above a flat surface.11.3.3 Class12 Curl greater than Class14 where any edgeor corner of the paper measures more than14 in. but not morethan12 in. (12.7 mm) above a flat surface.11.3.4
24、Class ICurl greater than Class12 where any edgeor corner of the paper measures more than12 in. but not morethan 1 in. (25.4 mm) above a flat surface.11.3.5 Class IICurl includes any edge or corner of thepaper greater than Class I but equal to or less than the point ofintersection of a vertical line
25、tangent to the paper.11.3.6 Class IIICurl includes any edge or corner of thepaper greater than Class II but equal to or less than the point ofintersection of a horizontal line tangent to the paper.11.3.7 Class IVCurl includes any edge or corner of thepaper greater than Class III but less than a poin
26、t of actualcontact with any other point in the paper.11.3.8 Tube CurlCurl includes any edge or corner of thepaper greater than Class IV.11.4 Report the direction of curl as “reverse” if the papercurls toward the side of contact with the rack. Report thedirection of curl as “against the grain” if the
27、 paper curls aboutan axis perpendicular to the machine direction, or “diagonal” ifone corner or two opposite corners of the paper curl. The curldata of the three samples should be reported. In the event oneof the samples is much higher than other tests, it may beadvisable to repeat this test.12. Pre
28、cision and Bias12.1 Repeatable ranking order is obtained that is reproduc-ible within a laboratory and between laboratories. The test is acomparative test, is subjective, and no quantitative data areintended.13. Keywords13.1 carbon paper; curlASTM International takes no position respecting the valid
29、ity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subje
30、ct to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquart
31、ers. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard
32、 is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or servic
33、eastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Saturated SolutionsReagentRelativeHumidity,%Temperature,F (C)Potassium acetate, KC2H3O222.9 73 (23)Potassium acetate, KC2H3O220.4 100 (38)Magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)26H2O 53.5 73 (23)Magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)26H2O 49.0 100 (38)Sodium chloride, NaCl 75.5 73 (23)F 415 87 (2005)2
