1、Designation: F 432 04Standard Specification forRoof and Rock Bolts and Accessories1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 432; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa
2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, anddimensional requirements for roof and rock bolts and accesso-ries. Addressed in this speci
3、fication are double-end threadedand slotted steel bars; fully grouted bolts and threaded bars;mechanical anchorage devices used for point anchorage appli-cations; roof truss systems; partially grouted deformed bolts;formable anchorage devices; and other frictional anchoragedevices. All of these prod
4、ucts represent various designs usedfor ground support systems. This specification can be revisedto address new technologies.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This hazard statement applies only to S
5、ection 10, TestMethods of this specification. This standard does not purportto address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitatio
6、ns prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA 47/A 47M Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Cast-ingsA 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelNuts for Bolts for High-Pressur
7、e or High-TemperatureService, or BothA 220 Specification for Pearlitic Malleable IronA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 536 Specification for Ductile Iron CastingsA 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA 568/A 568M Specification for Steel, Sheet,
8、Carbon, andHigh-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled,General Requirements forA 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed and PlainBillet-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsD 1248 Specification for Polyethyl
9、ene Plastics ExtrusionMaterials for Wire CableF 436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, and Rivets2.2 ASME Standards:3B 1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB 1.3M Screw Thread Gaging Syste
10、ms for DimensionalAcceptabilityInch and Metric Screw ThreadsB 18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bearing plates, plate washers, mine roof platesplates that serve to distribute the load from the exposed end ofthe bolt or threaded bar to the rock face or intermediatemember.3
11、.1.1.1 header plateslarge rectangular bearing plates,usually 6 in. (152 mm) wide by 16 to 18 in. (406.4 to 457.2mm) long, or any other shape with an equivalent area, used insubstitution for wooden header blocks for wider distribution ofthe bolt load than is possible with standard bearing plates.3.1.
12、2 bendable boltsbolts furnished with an altered sec-tion at some location, to be specified by the customer, at whichthe bar will bend.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets, a
13、nd Washers.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 432 95 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
14、ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standa
15、rd.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.2.1 DiscussionBending is necessary to permit instal-lation of bars longer than the mine opening height. This alteredsection may be produced by hot or cold forging, or by shearing,
16、sawing, trimming, machining, grinding, or a combination ofthese processes.3.1.3 beveled washerswashers whose faces are at an anglepermitting a headed bolt or threaded bar to be installed at aslight angle to the rock face and yet maintained the face of thebolt head perpendicular to the bolt axis.3.1.
17、4 chemical anchorschemical materials that provideanchorage between the bolt or bar and the drilled hole.3.1.5 expansion shellsanchorage devices that expand togrip the sides of a drilled hole mechanically and transfer loadfrom the location of the anchor to the bar or bolt.3.1.6 extensionsthreaded bar
18、s used to extend the length ofthreaded or threaded slotted bars.3.1.7 formable anchorage devices any roof support de-vices that provide anchorage through some means of physicalinterference and engagement of the surface of a bar or bolt withany formable material, other than chemical grout, in a bore-
19、hole.3.1.8 frictional anchorage devices roof support devicesthat are designed so that the holding force acts over the fullcontact length.3.1.9 fully grouted bolts and threaded barsdeformed barsor plain bars used with full-length grouting and having specialdeformations or other design features to pro
20、vide interlockingbetween the steel and the grout.3.1.10 hardened washerswashers that have been hard-ened by heat treatment to provide consistency to the torquetension relation necessary to control installation tension ofbolts and threaded bars.3.1.11 minimum non-seizure load (MNSL)the load levelin p
21、ounds through which bolt/plug thread seizure must notoccur.3.1.12 minimum ultimate load (MUL)the load level inpounds through which bolt/plug thread failure must not occur.3.1.13 rollers, camsmoving devices that, when used withinternally threaded cylinders containing external tapered slots,provide ex
22、pansion to grip the sides of a drilled hole mechani-cally and transfer load from the location of the anchor to thebar or bolt.3.1.14 roof and rock boltsheaded hot-rolled bars withcold-rolled or machine-cut threads at the end, to be used withanchorage devices to hold up mine roofs, hold back walls, o
23、rhold down equipment or foundations.3.1.15 roof truss systema roof support system incorporat-ing bolts that are joined together by crossmember(s) that is(are) tensioned by design.3.1.16 spherical washers or seatswashers that are flat onone side and have a spherical face on the other side. Thecombina
24、tion of spherical washer together with a depression inthe bearing plate produces a ball-and-socket joint permittingbolts to be installed at a slight angle to the rock face while stillmaintaining the face of the bolt head perpendicular to the boltaxis.3.1.17 tapered wedgesplain wedges that provide th
25、eexpansion for threaded slotted bars.3.1.18 tension nutsnuts that are intended to induce andmaintain tension in a bolt.3.1.19 threaded barsbars that are used with a nut on oneend and an anchorage device on the other. They are used in amanner similar to the bolts described in 3.1.14.3.1.20 threaded c
26、ouplingscouplings used to permit theassembly of additional externally threaded items.3.1.21 threaded slotted barsbars threaded at one end eachwith a forged, burned, or sawed slot at the other, into which atapered wedge can be inserted. When each assembly is driveninto a bottomed hole, the wedge spre
27、ads the slot and ananchorage is produced.3.1.22 threaded tapered plugsthreaded wedge that ex-pands the expansion shell by the movement of the threadedplug within the shell as tightening progresses.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includeat least the follo
28、wing information:4.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces),4.1.2 Name of product together with description of acces-sories,4.1.3 Dimensions,4.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue, includingstrength grade,4.1.5 Special requirements, if any, including packaging andthread protection instructions, and4.1.6 Ce
29、rtifications, if required.4.2 The products covered by this specification are currentlyproduced by many manufacturers to a wide variety of designs.It is necessary for the user and the manufacturer to establish therequirements of the individual installation and to agree as to thetype of assembly to be
30、 employed. See Annex A1 and AppendixX1 for additional information.5. Manufacturing Processes5.1 Materials for Bolts, Extensions, and Threaded orThreaded Slotted Bars:5.1.1 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1 and in Specification A 29/A 29M for plain bars orTABLE 1 Chemical Requir
31、ementsProduct Carbon, max, % Sulfur, max, % Phosphorus, max,%Heat Product Heat Product Heat ProductBolts, threadedbars, and threadedslotted barsA0.75 0.79 0.13B0.050 0.058Steel tapered wedges 0.80 0.84 0.13B0.050 0.058Hardened spherical,flat, or beveledwashers 0.80 0.84 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058Spheri
32、cal or beveledwashers 0.80 0.84 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058Bearing and headerplates 1.00 1.04 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058Steel threaded taperedplugs 0.60 0.64 0.13B0.050 0.058Steel expansion shells 0.30 0.33 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058ABars furnished in accordance with Specification A 615/A 615M may besubstitut
33、ed for these requirements.BCheck analysis for sulfur if a resulfurized steel is not technically appropriate.F432042Specification A 615/A 615M for plain or deformed bars unlessotherwise specified.5.1.1.1 Threaded slotted bars may have the slot produced byforging, burning, or sawing. Burned slots of G
34、rades 55 and 75threaded slotted bars must have the slotted end normalized byheating to a minimum of 1600F (870C) and air coolingsubsequent to burning.5.1.1.2 Threads on bolts or threaded bars may be cold rolledor machine cut on the hot-rolled bars.5.2 Materials for Tapered Wedges for Use With Thread
35、edSlotted Bars:5.2.1 Malleable iron casting shall conform to SpecificationA 47/A 47M.5.2.2 Pearlitic malleable iron castings shall conform toSpecification A 220, Grades 45006 or 50005.5.2.3 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.3 Materials for Expansion Shells:5.3.1 Malleable iro
36、n castings shall conform to SpecificationA 47/A 47M.5.3.2 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.3.3 Ductile iron castings shall conform to SpecificationA 536, Grades 60-40-18.5.4 Materials for threaded tapered plugs used with expan-sion shells shall conform to the test specificat
37、ions in 10.8.5.5 Materials for Bearing and Header Plates, Also KnownAs Plate Washers or Mine Roof Plates:5.5.1 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.5.1.1 Bearing and header plates may be strengthened bycold forming or may be hardened by quenching in a liquidmedium from above the
38、 austenitizing temperature and temper-ing at a temperature of not less than 650F (345C).5.6 Materials for Spherical, Flat, or Beveled HardenedWashers:5.6.1 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.6.1.1 Hardened steel washers shall be through hardenedby quenching in a liquid medium
39、from above the austenitizingtemperature and tempering at a temperature of not less than650F (345C). Case-hardened washers are not permitted.5.7 Materials for Spherical or Beveled Washers:5.7.1 Malleable iron castings shall conform to SpecificationA 47/A 47M.5.7.2 Pearlitic malleable iron castings sh
40、all conform toSpecification A 220, Grades 45006, 50005, or 60004.5.7.3 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.8 Nuts shall be in accordance with Specifications A 194/A 194M or A 563. Appropriate nuts for each grade of threadedbar are shown in Table 2. Higher strength nuts conformi
41、ng toSpecifications A 194/A 194M or A 563 may be substituted.When specified on the order or contract, nuts with externaldimensions of nominal34-in. heavy hex or heavy square sizemay be supplied with58-in. threads for use with58-in. threadedbars.5.9 Chemical grouting materials are covered in Annex A3
42、 ofthis specification.5.10 Materials for threaded couplings shall be selected bythe manufacturer to ensure compliance with 7.6 and 8.7.5.11 Materials for Bolts and Threaded Bars for Use inGrouted SystemsPlain or deformed steel bars shall conformto Table 1 or Specification A 615/A 615M.5.12 Materials
43、 for Frictional Anchorage DevicesSheetsteel shall conform to Specification A 568/A 568M.5.13 Components of roof truss systems shall be manufac-tured in accordance with the appropriate paragraph(s) ofSection 5 of this specification.5.14 Materials for Formable Anchors:5.14.1 Materials for formable anc
44、hor tubes are as follows:5.14.1.1 Polyethylenes used for formable anchor tubes shallconform to ASTM D 1248 Classification Type III, Class A orB, Category 5.NOTE 1All shapes, compositions, and properties of formable anchormaterials are not covered by this specification. Users must ensure that theform
45、able anchor material offered is suitable for its intended use.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Materials used for bolts, threaded bars, threaded slottedbars, spherical, flat, or beveled washers, threaded taperedplugs, tapered wedges, expansion shells, bearing plates androof truss components shall be as sp
46、ecified in Table 1 andSection 5.6.2 Materials for all cast or wrought metallic items otherthan those covered in 6.1 shall conform to the requirements asspecified in Section 5.6.3 Individual heats of steel or cast iron are not identified inany of the finished products.6.4 Chemical analyses for steel
47、products shall be performedin accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and TerminologyA 751.6.5 Materials for formable anchors shall conform to therequirements, if applicable, specified in Section 5.6.6 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A
48、 751.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Mechanical properties of steel bars, for the manufactureof bolts, threaded bars, or threaded slotted bars shall be asspecified in Table 3 for the required grade.7.2 Mechanical properties of steel bolts, threaded bars, andthreaded slotted bars whose slots have been pr
49、oduced withoutmaterial removal shall be as specified in Table 4 for therequired grade.7.3 Expansion shells, threaded tapered plugs, taperedwedges, and spherical washers shall conform to the applicablespecification of Section 5 and shall successfully perform therequired purpose as described in Annex A1.TABLE 2 Appropriate NutsBolt, Threaded Bar, or Threaded SlottedBar GradeNut Specification30 (regular strength) A 194, Grade 1; A 563, Grade B55 (high strength) A 194, Grade 1; A 563, Grade B75 (extra high strength) A 194, Grade 2; A 563, Grade CF4320
