1、Designation: F432 10Standard Specification forRoof and Rock Bolts and Accessories1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F432; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, anddimensional requirements for roof and rock bolts and accesso-ries. Addressed in this specificatio
3、n are double-end threadedand slotted steel bars; fully grouted bolts and threaded bars;mechanical anchorage devices used for point anchorage appli-cations; roof truss systems; partially grouted deformed bolts;formable anchorage devices; cable bolt systems; and otherfrictional anchorage devices. All
4、of these products representvarious designs used for ground support systems. This speci-fication can be revised to address new technologies.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This hazard statement app
5、lies only to Section 10, TestMethods of this specification. This standard does not purportto address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regula
6、tory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA47/A47M Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Cast-ingsA194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelNuts for Bolts for High
7、 Pressure or High TemperatureService, or BothA220/A220M Specification for Pearlitic Malleable IronA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA416/A416M Specification for Steel Strand, UncoatedSeven-Wire for Prestressed ConcreteA536 Specification for Ductile Iron Casting
8、sA563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and PlainCarbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA882/A882M Specification for Filled Epoxy-CoatedSeven-Wire Prestressing Steel StrandA1011/A1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,Hot-Rolled, Carbon,
9、Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy,High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, andUltra-High StrengthA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsD1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics ExtrusionMaterials for Wire and CableF436 Specification for
10、 Hardened Steel WashersF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets2.2 ASME Standards:3B 1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB 1.3M Screw Thread Gaging Systems for DimensionalAcceptabilityInch and Met
11、ric Screw ThreadsB 18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 barrela device housing normally either 2 or 3 piececable strand wedges3.1.2 bearing plates, plate washers, mine roof platesplates that serve to distribute the load from the exposed end ofthe bolt or threaded bar to the
12、rock face or intermediatemember.3.1.2.1 header plateslarge rectangular bearing plates,usually 6 in. wide by 16 to 18 in. long, or any other shape withan equivalent area, used in substitution for wooden headerblocks for wider distribution of the bolt load than is possiblewith standard bearing plates.
13、3.1.3 bendable boltsbolts furnished with an altered sec-tion at some location, to be specified by the customer, at whichthe bar will bend.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivet
14、s and Washers.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F432 08. DOI:10.1520/F0432-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A
15、nnual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.1*A Summary of Changes section
16、 appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3.1 DiscussionBending is necessary to permit instal-lation of bars longer than the mine opening height. This alteredsection may be produced by ho
17、t or cold forging, or by shearing,sawing, trimming, machining, grinding, or a combination ofthese processes.3.1.4 beveled washerswashers whose faces are at an anglepermitting a headed bolt or threaded bar to be installed at aslight angle to the rock face and yet maintained the face of thebolt head p
18、erpendicular to the bolt axis.3.1.5 cable boltcable strand with an assembly placed onthe end for installation and load resistance purposes.3.1.6 chemical anchorschemical materials that provideanchorage between the bolt or bar and the drilled hole.3.1.7 expansion shellsanchorage devices that expand t
19、ogrip the sides of a drilled hole mechanically and transfer loadfrom the location of the anchor to the bar or bolt.3.1.8 extensionsthreaded bars used to extend the length ofthreaded or threaded slotted bars.3.1.9 formable anchorage devices any roof support de-vices that provide anchorage through som
20、e means of physicalinterference and engagement of the surface of a bar or bolt withany formable material, other than chemical grout, in a bore-hole.3.1.10 frictional anchorage devicesground support de-vices, friction stabilizers and inflatable friction stabilizers, thatare designed so that the holdi
21、ng force/anchorage is generatedby frictional forces between the surface of the borehole and thesurface of the device. The frictional forces can be active overthe full or partial length of the device.3.1.11 fully grouted bolts and threaded barsdeformedbars or plain bars used with full-length grouting
22、 and havingspecial deformations or other design features to provideinterlocking between the steel and the grout.3.1.12 hardened washerswashers that have been hard-ened by heat treatment to provide consistency to the torquetension relation necessary to control installation tension ofbolts and threade
23、d bars.3.1.13 minimum non-seizure load (MNSL)the load levelin pounds through which bolt/plug thread seizure must notoccur.3.1.14 minimum ultimate load (MUL)the load level inpounds through which bolt/plug thread failure must not occur.3.1.15 rollers, camsmoving devices that, when used withinternally
24、threaded cylinders containing external tapered slots,provide expansion to grip the sides of a drilled hole mechani-cally and transfer load from the location of the anchor to thebar or bolt.3.1.16 roof and rock boltsheaded hot-rolled bars withcold-rolled or machine-cut threads at the end, to be used
25、withanchorage devices to hold up mine roofs, hold back walls, orhold down equipment or foundations.3.1.17 roof truss systema roof support system incorporat-ing bolts that are joined together by crossmember(s) that is(are) tensioned by design.3.1.18 stranda group of wires normally having helicallypla
26、ced outer wires with uniform pitch.3.1.19 spherical washers or seatswashers that are flat onone side and have a spherical face on the other side. Thecombination of spherical washer together with a depression inthe bearing plate produces a ball-and-socket joint permittingbolts to be installed at a sl
27、ight angle to the rock face while stillmaintaining the face of the bolt head perpendicular to the boltaxis.3.1.20 tapered wedgesplain wedges that provide theexpansion for threaded slotted bars.3.1.21 tension nutsnuts that are intended to induce andmaintain tension in a bolt.3.1.22 threaded barsbars
28、that are used with a nut on oneend and an anchorage device on the other. They are used in amanner similar to the bolts described in 3.1.16.3.1.23 threaded couplingscouplings used to permit theassembly of additional externally threaded items.3.1.24 threaded slotted barsbars threaded at one end eachwi
29、th a forged, burned, or sawed slot at the other, into which atapered wedge can be inserted. When each assembly is driveninto a bottomed hole, the wedge spreads the slot and ananchorage is produced.3.1.25 threaded tapered plugsthreaded wedge that ex-pands the expansion shell by the movement of the th
30、readedplug within the shell as tightening progresses.3.1.26 wedgepieces of tapered metal with teeth whichbite into the strand or under load.3.1.26.1 DiscussionTwo or three piece wedges are nor-mally used.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includeat least th
31、e following information:4.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces),4.1.2 Name of product together with description of acces-sories,4.1.3 Dimensions,4.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue, includingstrength grade,4.1.5 Special requirements, if any, including packaging andthread protection instructions, and4
32、.1.6 Certifications, if required.4.2 The products covered by this specification are currentlyproduced by many manufacturers to a wide variety of designs.It is necessary for the user and the manufacturer to establish therequirements of the individual installation and to agree as to thetype of assembl
33、y to be employed. SeeAnnexA1 andAppendixX1 for additional information.5. Manufacturing Processes5.1 Materials for Bolts, Extensions, and Threaded orThreaded Slotted Bars:5.1.1 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1 and in Specification A29/A29M for plain bars orSpecification A615/A6
34、15M for plain or deformed bars unlessotherwise specified.5.1.1.1 Threaded slotted bars may have the slot produced byforging, burning, or sawing. Burned slots of Grades 55 and 75threaded slotted bars must have the slotted end normalized byheating to a minimum of 1600F and air cooling subsequent tobur
35、ning.F432 1025.1.1.2 Threads on bolts or threaded bars may be cold rolledor machine cut on the hot-rolled bars.5.1.2 Steel strands for use as cable bolts shall conform toSpecification A416/A416M.5.1.3 Filled epoxy steel strands for use as cable bolts shallconform to Specification A882/A882M.5.2 Mate
36、rials for Tapered Wedges for Use With ThreadedSlotted Bars:5.2.1 Malleable iron casting shall conform to SpecificationA47/A47M.5.2.2 Pearlitic malleable iron castings shall conform toSpecification A220/A220M, Grades 45006 or 50005.5.2.3 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.3 Mat
37、erials for Expansion Shells:5.3.1 Malleable iron castings shall conform to SpecificationA47/A47M.5.3.2 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.3.3 Ductile iron castings shall conform to SpecificationA536, Grades 60-40-18.5.4 Materials for Threaded Tapered Plugs Used with Ex-pansion
38、 Shells:5.4.1 Materials for threaded tapered plugs used with expan-sion shells shall conform to the test specifications in 10.8.5.5 Materials for Bearing and Header Plates, Also KnownAs Plate Washers or Mine Roof Plates:5.5.1 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.5.1.1 Bearing an
39、d header plates may be strengthened bycold forming or may be hardened by quenching in a liquidmedium from above the austenitizing temperature and temper-ing at a temperature of not less than 650F.5.6 Materials for Spherical, Flat, or Beveled HardenedWashers:5.6.1 Steel shall conform to the requireme
40、nts shown inTable 1.5.6.1.1 Hardened steel washers shall be through hardenedby quenching in a liquid medium from above the austenitizingtemperature and tempering at a temperature of not less than650F. Case-hardened washers are not permitted.5.7 Materials for Spherical or Beveled Washers:5.7.1 Mallea
41、ble iron castings shall conform to SpecificationA47/A47M.5.7.2 Pearlitic malleable iron castings shall conform toSpecification A220/A220M, Grades 45006, 50005, or 60004.5.7.3 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.8 Materials for Nuts:5.8.1 Nuts shall be in accordance with Specifi
42、cations A194/A194M or A563. Appropriate nuts for each grade of threadedbar are shown in Table 2. Higher strength nuts conforming toSpecifications A194/A194M or A563 may be substituted.When specified on the order or contract, nuts with externaldimensions of nominal34-in. heavy hex or heavy square siz
43、emay be supplied with58-in. threads for use with58-in. threadedbars.5.9 Materials for Chemical Grouting Materials:5.9.1 Chemical grouting materials are covered in Annex A3of this specification.5.10 Materials for Threaded Couplings:5.10.1 Materials for threaded couplings shall be selected bythe manuf
44、acturer to ensure compliance with 7.6 and 8.7.5.11 Materials for Bolts and Threaded Bars for Use inGrouted SystemsPlain or deformed steel bars shall conformto Table 1 or Specification A615/A615M.5.12 Materials for Friction StabilizersSheet steel shallconform to requirements specified in Specificatio
45、n A1011/A1011M, Table 2 HSLAS Grade 60 Class 2 material.5.13 Materials for Truss Systems:5.13.1 Components of roof truss systems shall be manufac-tured in accordance with the appropriate paragraph(s) ofSection 5 of this specification.5.14 Materials for Formable Anchors:5.14.1 Materials for formable
46、anchor tubes are as follows:5.14.1.1 Polyethylenes used for formable anchor tubes shallconform toASTM D1248 Classification Type III, ClassAor B,Category 5.NOTE 1All shapes, compositions, and properties of formable anchormaterials are not covered by this specification. Users must ensure that theforma
47、ble anchor material offered is suitable for its intended use.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Materials used for bolts, threaded bars, threaded slottedbars, spherical, flat, or beveled washers, threaded taperedplugs, tapered wedges, expansion shells, bearing plates androof truss components shall be as spe
48、cified in Table 1 andSection 5.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsProduct Carbon, max, % Sulfur, max, % Phosphorus, max,%Heat Product Heat Product Heat ProductBolts, threadedbars, and threadedslotted barsA0.75 0.79 0.13B0.050 0.058Steel tapered wedges 0.80 0.84 0.13B0.050 0.058Hardened spherical,flat, or
49、beveledwashers 0.80 0.84 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058Spherical or beveledwashers 0.80 0.84 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058Bearing and headerplates 1.00 1.04 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058Steel threaded taperedplugs 0.60 0.64 0.13B0.050 0.058Steel expansion shells 0.30 0.33 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058ABars furnished in accordance with Specification A615/A615M may be substi-tuted for these requirements.BCheck analysis for sulfur if a resulfurized steel is not technically appropriate.TABLE 2 Appropriate NutsBolt, Threaded Bar, or Threaded SlottedBar GradeNut Specificati
