1、Designation: F432 13Standard Specification forRoof and Rock Bolts and Accessories1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F432; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, anddimensional requirements for roof and rock bolts and accesso-ries. Addressed in this specificatio
3、n are double-end threadedand slotted steel bars; fully grouted bolts and threaded bars;mechanical anchorage devices used for point anchorage appli-cations; roof truss systems; partially grouted deformed bolts;formable anchorage devices; cable bolt systems; expandablerock bolts and other frictional a
4、nchorage devices. All of theseproducts represent various designs used for ground supportsystems. This specification can be revised to address newtechnologies.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This h
5、azard statement applies only to Section 10, TestMethods of this specification. This standard does not purportto address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theappl
6、icability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA47/A47M Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Cast-ingsA194/A194M Specification for Carbon andAlloy Steel Nuts
7、for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service,or BothA220/A220M Specification for Pearlitic Malleable IronA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA416/A416M Specification for Steel Strand, UncoatedSeven-Wire for Prestressed ConcreteA536 Specification for Du
8、ctile Iron CastingsA563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA882/A882M Specification for Filled Epoxy-Coated Seven-Wire Prestressing Steel StrandA1011/A1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
9、Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with ImprovedFormability, and Ultra-High StrengthA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsD6637 Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties ofGeogrids by the Single or Mul
10、ti-Rib Tensile MethodD1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics ExtrusionMaterials for Wire and CableF436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Ri
11、vets2.2 ASME Standards:3B 1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB 1.3M Screw Thread Gaging Systems for DimensionalAcceptabilityInch and Metric Screw ThreadsB 18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 barrela device housing normally either 2 or 3 piececable strand wedges3.1.2 bearing plates, p
12、late washers, mine roof platesplates that serve to distribute the load from the exposed end ofthe bolt or threaded bar to the rock face or intermediatemember.3.1.2.1 header plateslarge rectangular bearing plates, usu-ally 6 in. wide by 16 to 18 in. long, or any other shape with anequivalent area, us
13、ed in substitution for wooden header blocks1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approvedin
14、1975. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F432 10. DOI: 10.1520/F0432-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page o
15、nthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
16、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1for wider distribution of the bolt load than is possible withstandard bearing plates.3.1.3 bendable boltsbolts furnished with an altered sec-tion at some location, to be specified by the customer, at whichthe bar will bend.3.1.3.1 DiscussionBend
17、ing is necessary to permit instal-lation of bars longer than the mine opening height. This alteredsection may be produced by hot or cold forging, or by shearing,sawing, trimming, machining, grinding, or a combination ofthese processes.3.1.4 beveled washerswashers whose faces are at an anglepermittin
18、g a headed bolt or threaded bar to be installed at aslight angle to the rock face and yet maintained the face of thebolt head perpendicular to the bolt axis.3.1.5 cable boltcable strand with an assembly placed onthe end for installation and load resistance purposes.3.1.6 chemical anchorschemical mat
19、erials that provideanchorage between the bolt or bar and the drilled hole.3.1.7 discontinuous turndiscontinuous turn shall includematerial heat changes, interruptions to the manufacturingoperation exceeding 8 hrs, and significant machinery adjust-ments that materially alter the manufacturing process
20、. Thediscontinuous turn shall apply to all separate manufacturingstations separate from the material heat change criteria. Amaterial length change will not constitute a “discontinuousturn” as provided in this definition.3.1.8 expandable rock boltrock support device that con-sists of a steel tube, fo
21、lded or collapsed on itself, that can beinserted into a borehole and expanded, by means of highinternal pressure, against the wall of the borehole. The productanchorage is developed through a combination of friction andmechanical interlock of the expanded profile against theborehole wall after the i
22、nternal expansion pressure used forinstallation has been relieved.3.1.9 expansion shellsanchorage devices that, separatefrom the bar or bolt, mechanically expand to grip the sides ofa drilled hole and transfer load between the location of theanchor to the bar or bolt.3.1.10 extensionsthreaded bars u
23、sed to extend the lengthof threaded or threaded slotted bars.3.1.11 formable anchorage devices any roof support de-vices that provide anchorage through some means of physicalinterference and engagement of the surface of a bar or bolt withany formable material, other than chemical grout, in a bore-ho
24、le.3.1.12 frictional anchorage devicesground supportdevices, friction stabilizers, that are designed so that theholding force/anchorage is generated by frictional forces be-tween the surface of the borehole and the surface of the device.The frictional forces can be active over the full or partial le
25、ngthof the device.3.1.13 fully grouted bolts and threaded barsdeformedbars or plain bars used with full-length grouting and havingspecial deformations or other design features to provideinterlocking between the steel and the grout.3.1.14 hardened washerswashers that have been hardenedby heat treatme
26、nt to provide consistency to the torque tensionrelation necessary to control installation tension of bolts andthreaded bars.3.1.15 minimum non-seizure load (MNSL)the load level inpounds through which bolt/plug thread seizure must not occur.3.1.16 minimum ultimate load (MUL)the load level inpounds th
27、rough which bolt/plug thread failure must not occur.3.1.17 rollers, camsmoving devices that, when used withinternally threaded cylinders containing external tapered slots,provide expansion to grip the sides of a drilled hole mechani-cally and transfer load from the location of the anchor to thebar o
28、r bolt.3.1.18 roof and rock boltsheaded hot-rolled bars withcold-rolled or machine-cut threads at the end, to be used withanchorage devices to hold up mine roofs, hold back walls, orhold down equipment or foundations.3.1.19 roof truss systema roof support system incorporat-ing bolts that are joined
29、together by crossmember(s) that is(are) tensioned by design.3.1.20 stranda group of wires normally having helicallyplaced outer wires with uniform pitch.3.1.21 spherical washers or seatswashers that are flat onone side and have a spherical face on the other side. Thecombination of spherical washer t
30、ogether with a depression inthe bearing plate produces a ball-and-socket joint permittingbolts to be installed at a slight angle to the rock face while stillmaintaining the face of the bolt head perpendicular to the boltaxis.3.1.22 tapered wedgesplain wedges that provide theexpansion for threaded sl
31、otted bars.3.1.23 tension nutsnuts that are intended to induce andmaintain tension in a bolt.3.1.24 threaded barsbars that are used with a nut on oneend and an anchorage device on the other. They are used in amanner similar to the bolts described in 3.1.18.3.1.25 threaded couplingscouplings used to
32、permit theassembly of additional externally threaded items.3.1.26 threaded slotted barsbars threaded at one end eachwith a forged, burned, or sawed slot at the other, into which atapered wedge can be inserted. When each assembly is driveninto a bottomed hole, the wedge spreads the slot and ananchora
33、ge is produced.3.1.27 threaded tapered plugsthreaded wedge that ex-pands the expansion shell by the movement of the threadedplug within the shell as tightening progresses.3.1.28 wedgepieces of tapered metal with teeth which biteinto the strand under load.3.1.28.1 DiscussionTwo or three piece wedges
34、are nor-mally used.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includeat least the following information:4.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces),F432 1324.1.2 Name of product together with description ofaccessories,4.1.3 Dimensions,4.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue
35、, includingstrength grade,4.1.5 Special requirements, if any, including packaging andthread protection instructions, and4.1.6 Certifications, if required.4.2 The products covered by this specification are currentlyproduced by many manufacturers to a wide variety of designs.It is necessary for the us
36、er and the manufacturer to establish therequirements of the individual installation and to agree as to thetype of assembly to be employed. See AnnexA1 and AppendixX1 for additional information.5. Manufacturing Processes5.1 Materials for Bolts, Extensions, and Threaded orThreaded Slotted Bars:5.1.1 S
37、teel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1 and in Specification A29/A29M for plain bars orSpecification A615/A615M for plain or deformed bars unlessotherwise specified.5.1.1.1 Threaded slotted bars may have the slot produced byforging, burning, or sawing. Burned slots of Grades 55 and 75
38、threaded slotted bars must have the slotted end normalized byheating to a minimum of 1600F and air cooling subsequent toburning.5.1.1.2 Threads on bolts or threaded bars may be cold rolledor machine cut on the hot-rolled bars.5.1.2 Steel strands for use as cable bolts shall conform toSpecification A
39、416/A416M.5.1.3 Filled epoxy steel strands for use as cable bolts shallconform to Specification A882/A882M.5.2 Materials for Tapered Wedges for Use With ThreadedSlotted Bars:5.2.1 Malleable iron casting shall conform to SpecificationA47/A47M.5.2.2 Pearlitic malleable iron castings shall conform toSp
40、ecification A220/A220M, Grades 45006 or 50005.5.2.3 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.3 Materials for Expansion Shells:5.3.1 Malleable iron castings shall conform to SpecificationA47/A47M.5.3.2 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.3.3 Ductile iron casting
41、s shall conform to SpecificationA536, Grades 60-40-18.5.4 Materials for Threaded Tapered Plugs Used with Ex-pansion Shells:5.4.1 Materials for threaded tapered plugs used with expan-sion shells shall conform to the test specifications in 10.8.5.5 Materials for Bearing and Header Plates, Also KnownAs
42、 Plate Washers or Mine Roof Plates:5.5.1 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.5.1.1 Bearing and header plates may be strengthened bycold forming or may be hardened by quenching in a liquidmedium from above the austenitizing temperature and temper-ing at a temperature of not less
43、 than 650F.5.6 Materials for Spherical, Flat, or Beveled HardenedWashers:5.6.1 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.6.1.1 Hardened steel washers shall be through hardenedby quenching in a liquid medium from above the austenitizingtemperature and tempering at a temperature of not
44、 less than650F. Case-hardened washers are not permitted.5.7 Materials for Spherical or Beveled Washers:5.7.1 Malleable iron castings shall conform to SpecificationA47/A47M.5.7.2 Pearlitic malleable iron castings shall conform toSpecification A220/A220M, Grades 45006, 50005, or 60004.5.7.3 Steel shal
45、l conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.8 Materials for Nuts:5.8.1 Nuts shall be in accordance with Specifications A194/A194M or A563. Appropriate nuts for each grade of threadedbar are shown in Table 2. Higher strength nuts conforming toSpecifications A194/A194M or A563 may be substituted.W
46、hen specified on the order or contract, nuts with externaldimensions of nominal34-in. heavy hex or heavy square sizemay be supplied with58-in. threads for use with58-in. threadedbars.5.9 Materials for Chemical Grouting Materials:5.9.1 Chemical grouting materials are covered in Annex A3of this specif
47、ication.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsProduct Carbon, max, % Sulfur, max, % Phosphorus, max,%Heat Product Heat Product Heat ProductBolts, threadedbars, and threadedslotted barsA0.75 0.79 0.13B0.050 0.058Steel tapered wedges 0.80 0.84 0.13B0.050 0.058Hardened spherical,flat, or beveledwashers 0.80 0.8
48、4 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058Spherical or beveledwashers 0.80 0.84 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058Bearing and headerplates 1.00 1.04 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058Steel threaded taperedplugs 0.60 0.64 0.13B0.050 0.058Steel expansion shells 0.30 0.33 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058ABars furnished in accordance with Specificati
49、on A615/A615M may be substitutedfor these requirements.BCheck analysis for sulfur if a resulfurized steel is not technically appropriate.TABLE 2 Appropriate NutsBolt, Threaded Bar, or Threaded SlottedBar GradeNut Specification30 (regular strength) A194/A194M, Grade 1; A563, Grade B55 (high strength) A194/A194M, Grade 1; A563, Grade B75 (extra high strength) A194/A194M, Grade 2; A563, Grade CF432 1335.10 Materials for Threaded Couplings:5.10.1 Materials for threaded couplings shall be selected bythe manufacturer to ensure compliance with 7.6 an
