1、Designation: F 477 07An American National StandardStandard Specification forElastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 477; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification
3、covers elastomeric seals (gaskets)used to seal the joints of plastic pipe used for gravity,low-pressure, and high-pressure applications. This refers topush-on joints which require no internal or external pressure toeffect the initial seal.1.2 Requirements are given for natural or synthetic rubbergas
4、kets, or a combination of both.NOTE 1Oil-resistant gaskets are available for those applicationswhere exposure to solvents or oil may occur. The user should contact thegasket manufacturer for recommendations.1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes,and appendixes which provide e
5、xplanatory material. Thesenotes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shallnot be considered as requirements of the specification.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address
6、 all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 395 Tes
7、t Methods for Rubber PropertyCompressionSetD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 518 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceCrackingD 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 883 Terminol
8、ogy Relating to PlasticsD 1149 Test Method for Rubber DeteriorationSurfaceOzone Cracking in a ChamberD 1229 Test Method for Rubber PropertyCompressionSet at Low TemperaturesD 1349 Practice for RubberStandard Temperatures forTestingD 1414 Test Methods for Rubber O-RingsD 1415 Test Method for Rubber P
9、ropertyInternationalHardnessD 1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessF 913 Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric Seals(Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe2.2 NSF Standards:Standard No. 14 for Plastic Piping Components and RelatedMaterials3Standa
10、rd No. 61 for Drinking Water Systems Components-Health Effects33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms relating to rubber or elastomer shallbe as defined in Terminology D 1566. Terms relating to plasticsshall be as defined in Terminology D 883.4. Composition and Manufacture4.1 All gaskets shall be extrud
11、ed or molded in such amanner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, andfree of porosity, blisters, pitting, or other imperfections. Thegasket shall be fabricated from a high-grade elastomer mate-rial. The basic polymer shall be natural rubber, syntheticrubber, a blend of both, or a therm
12、oplastic elastomer, meetingthe requirements prescribed in Sections 5 and 6.4.2 Where a splice is used in the manufacture of the gasket,the strength shall be such that the gasket shall withstand 100 %elongation over the part of the gasket which includes the splicewith no visible separation of the spl
13、ice. While in a stretchedposition the gasket shall be rotated in the spliced area aminimum of 180 in each direction in order to inspect for1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.C
14、urrent edition approved April 15, 2007. Published April 2007. Originallypublished as approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2002 asF47702e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMSt
15、andards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., AnnArbor, MI 48113-0140, http:/www.nsf.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
16、8-2959, United States.separation. In addition, any portion of the splice shall becapable of passing a bend test without visible separation. Thebend test for circular gaskets is defined as wrapping the portionof the unstretched gasket containing the splice a minimum of180 and a maximum of 270 around
17、a rod of a diameter equalto the cross section diameter of the gasket.5. Dimensions and Tolerances5.1 When in its final assembled position, the gasket shall notbe stretched more than 30 % of its original circumference.NOTE 2Excessive stretch may have deleterious effect on rubbergaskets, the minimum s
18、tretch compatible with the proper performance ofthe gasket should be used at all times.5.2 The gaskets shall conform to the dimensions specifiedby the manufacturer of the pipe or fittings, with which thegaskets are to be used, with a Rubber Manufacturers Associa-tion Class 3 tolerance on all cross s
19、ection dimensions, and61 % on all diametrical dimensions, unless otherwise agreedupon by the pipe or fitting manufacturer and the purchaser.5.3 For molded gaskets or gasket material, the permissibleflash shall be a maximum of +0.80 mm (0.032 in.). Maximummold mismatch shall not exceed 0.25 mm (0.010
20、 in.).6. Physical Requirements6.1 The sealing portion of the gaskets shall comply with thephysical requirements listed in Table 1 for thermoset elas-tomers or Table 2 for thermoplastic elastomers, when tested inaccordance with the methods in Section 7.NOTE 3Some gaskets incorporate a high durometer
21、elastomeric ornonelastomeric, that is, metal or plastic material, as a reinforcement orretaining feature, or both. These materials do not alter the physicalproperties of the sealing portion of the gasket and should not be tested assuch, or expected to meet the material requirements listed in Table 1
22、.NOTE 4The gasket manufacturer should be assured that materialsused for retaining or reinforcement, or both, do not encroach upon thesealing surfaces of the gasket, and have physical properties which ensureadequate longevity for the anticipated usage.6.1.1 HardnessThe Type A durometer average hardne
23、ssspecified by the manufacturer shall be within the range given inTable 1 for thermoset elastomers or Table 2 for thermoplasticelastomers. Gaskets are required to have the Type A durometerhardness specified, 6 5 points.6.2 Elastomer compounds must be non-crazing to pipe. Thegasket in the cured state
24、 shall not cause craze marks, pits, orblisters when in contact with the plastic pipe. Staining of theplastic pipe in the area of gasket contact is acceptable. Test inaccordance with 7.9 to qualify elastomer compound for pipemade from the plastic polymer in question.6.3 Where the particular joint des
25、ign utilizing a rubbergasket dictates the use of a lubricant to facilitate assembly, thelubricant shall be of such composition which will in no waydamage the gasket or pipe due to prolonged exposure.7. Test Methods7.1 Perform laboratory tests to determine the physical prop-erties of the gaskets to b
26、e furnished under this specification on:(1) the finished product as supplied, ( 2) test specimens takenfrom the finished product, or ( 3) from specimens of fabricationof the same elastomeric compound, and in accordance with theappropriate ASTM standard. (See Practice D 1349.)7.2 Tensile Strength and
27、 ElongationDetermine tensilestrength, 100 % modulus, and elongation in accordance withTest Methods D 412 or D 1414 for O-rings.7.3 HardnessDetermine the durometer, Type A, of thegasket in accordance with Test Method D 2240 or Test Meth-ods D 1414 for O-rings. (See Test Method D 1415.)7.4 Low-Tempera
28、ture HardnessMeasure the durometer,Type A, of the gasket in accordance with Test Method D 2240or Test Methods D 1414 for O-rings after conditioning for 22 hat 10 6 2C (+14 6 4F) to determine the change in hardness.7.5 Compression SetDetermine the compression set inaccordance with Method B of Test Me
29、thods D 395 or D 1414for O-rings. Test temperature and time shall be 22 h at 70 6TABLE 1 Physical Requirements for Elastomeric Seals forPlastic PipeTestsLow-HeadApplication(Below 150kPa or 50-ftHead)High-HeadApplication(150 kPa or50-ft Headand Above)Original Properties:Tensile strength, min, MPa (ps
30、i) 8.3 (1200) 13.8 (2000)AElongation, min, % 325 400Hardness, Type A durometer 40 to 60 40 to 60Low-temperature hardness, Type A duro-meter, max increase, points15 15Compression set, max % 25 20Ozone resistance no cracks no cracksAccelerated Aging (Air Oven Test):Decrease in tensile strength, max %
31、oforignal15 15Decrease in elongation, max % of original 20 20Hardness, Type A durometer, max increase,points88After Water Immersion:Change in volume max % 5 5AFor EPDM and nitrile seals, tensile strength min. MPa (psi) is 10.3 (1500).TABLE 2 Physical Requirements for Thermoplastic ElastomericSeals f
32、or Plastic PipeLow-HeadApplication(Below 150kPa or 50-ftHead)High-HeadApplication(150 kPa or50-ft Headand Above)Original Properties:Tensile strength, min, MPa (psi) 3.0 (435) 3.5 (500)100 % modulus, min, MPa (psi) 1.4 (200) 1.9 (280)Elongation, min, % 350 350Hardness, Type A durometer 40 to 70 40 to
33、 70Low-temperature hardness, Type Adurometer, max increase, points10 10Compression set, max % 25 20Ozone resistance no cracks no cracksAccelerated Aging (Air Oven Test):Decrease in tensile strength, max % oforiginal15 15Decrease in elongation, max % of original 15 15Hardness, Type A durometer, max c
34、hange,points55After Water Immersion:Change in volume max % 4 4Force DecayRemaining stress, min,%40 50F4770722C (158 6 4F), with a 25 % deflection of the test specimens.(See Test Method D 1229.)7.6 Accelerated AgingAge specimens for physical test inaccordance with Test Method D 573. (See Test Method
35、D 518.)7.6.1 Age physical test specimens for 96 h at 70 6 2C (1586 4F).7.7 Water ImmersionDetermine the change in volume inaccordance with Test Method D 471 or Test Methods D 1414for O-rings.7.7.1 The temperature shall be 70 6 2C (1586 4F), andthe immersion period shall be 48 h.7.7.2 Immediately aft
36、er removal from the water, blot thespecimens, weigh, and calculate the volume increase in accor-dance with Test Method D 471.7.8 Ozone ResistanceDetermine the gaskets resistance toozone in accordance with Test Method D 1149.7.8.1 Conduct test for 70 h in 50 pphm concentration at 406 2C (104 6 4F) wi
37、th specimens stressed to 20 % extension.7.9 Determine elastomer compound effect on pipe (6.2)bythe following procedure:7.9.1 The specimen shall be a gasket or a part of a gasketthat will fit within the test fixture shown in Fig. 1.7.9.2 The fixture for the test shall be as described for thecompressi
38、on set test in Method B of Test Methods D 395 witha plate of plastic adjoining the interior surfaces of the com-pression plates (see Fig. 1).7.9.3 Make liner bearing plates of plastic with a minimumwall thickness of 3.0 mm (0.120 in.) to fit the interior surfacesof the fixtures compression plates.7.
39、9.3.1 Form the plastic bearing plate from like plasticmaterial by cutting and pressing pipe at a workable stressre-lieving temperature not to exceed that required to form a gasketrace.7.9.4 Set the test apparatus up as in the compression set testin accordance with Method B of Test Methods D 395 with
40、 theplastic bearing plate in place.7.9.5 Age the specimens under load for 96 h at 70 6 2C(158 6 4F).7.9.6 Let the specimens cool in the fixture for 24 h at 21 to25C (70 to 77F).7.9.7 Upon release, inspect the plastic bearing plate surfacethat has been in contact with the elastomeric compound forcrac
41、ks, craze marks, pits, or blisters (6.2).7.10 Force Decay (Stress Relaxation)Determine forcedecay in accordance with thermoplastic elastomer force decaytest as outlined in Specification F 913.8. Rejection8.1 The rubber gaskets shall be subject to rejection when-ever they show surface checking, weath
42、ering, or other deterio-ration prior to installation.9. Certification9.1 At the option of the purchaser, certified copies of testreports on the elastomer from which the shipment of gasketswas made shall be furnished by the gasket supplier.10. Storage10.1 The rubber gaskets shall be stored in a cool,
43、 clean,shaded place. The preferred temperature is 21C (70F) orlower.11. Marking11.1 The markings shall include the gasket manufacturersname or symbol, gasket size, and manufacturers code todifferentiate between high- and low-head gaskets.11.2 Any additional marking or color designation shall be asag
44、reed upon by the pipe and gasket manufacturer.12. Keywords12.1 elastomeric; gaskets; plastic pipe; push-on joint; rub-ber; seals; synthetic; thermoplastaic elastomerFIG. 1 Device for Test of Elastomeric Compound Effect on PlasticF477073SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSPOTABLE WATER REQUIREMENTThis requirem
45、ent applies whenever a Regulatory Authority or user calls for product to be used toconvey or to be in contact with potable water.S1. Products intended for contact with potable water shallbe evaluated, tested and certified for conformance with ANSI/NSF Standard No. 61 or the health effects portion of
46、 NSFStandard No. 14 by an acceptable certifying organization whenrequired by the regulatory authority having jurisdiction.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expre
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