1、Designation: F 504 05Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Quasi-Static Release Moments of Alpine SkiBindings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 504; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the measure-ment of release moments of ski bindings under conditionswhere inert
3、ia loadings of the ski binding system are notsignificant.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bili
4、ty of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 498 Test Method for Center Spring Constant and SpringConstant Balance of Alpine SkisF 779 Test Method for Torsion Characteristics of AlpineSkisF 944 Specification for Properties of Adult Alpine SkiBoots32.2 ISO St
5、andard:4ISO 9838 Alpine Ski BindingsTest Soles for Ski BindingTestsISO 9462 Alpine Ski BindingsSafety Requirements andTest MethodsISO 9465 Alpine Ski BindingsLateral Release under Im-pact Loading-Test Method3. Terminology3.1 The following terminology is introduced with referenceto the sketch of the
6、boot-ski system shown in Fig. 1.3.1.1 Six points of load application to the standard test skiare required. With the adult boot sole (300 mm in length) themost forward point, located at a position 90 6 0.5 cm from thecenterline of the test shaft, shall be called the “forward point”and shall be design
7、ated as F. The second point, 45 6 0.5 cm infront of the centerline of the test shaft, shall be designated the“near point,” N. The third point, located 45 6 0.5 cm behindthe centerline of the test shaft, shall be designated “rear point,”R. The fourth point, located 35 6 0.5 cm in front of the centerl
8、ine of the test shaft, shall be designated the “near preloadpoint,” NP. The fifth point, located 75 6 0.5 cm behind thecenterline of the test shaft shall be designated the “far rearpoint,” FRP.The sixth point, the “alternate near preload point,”ANP, is located 7.5 6 0.25 cm, in the minus y-direction
9、 fromthe point NP. For sole lengths longer than 300 mm the F andFR points are not changed from the location used for the 300mm boot sole. For sole lengths shorter than 300 mm the N, R,ANP and NP points are not changed from the location used forthe 300 mm sole. For bindings which are to be used exclu
10、sivelywith skis shorter than the test ski, F and FR tests shall beperformed at the N and R points. If the ski is too short for thespecified N and R points, N and R shall be moved closer to thez-axis by 10 cm each, and all tests performed using the new Nand R points. The forces that are applied to th
11、e standard ski atthese six designated points may now be described by simplevector notation. A laboratory-fixed axis designation shall beused with the numeral z denoting the vertical axis normal to the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F27 on SnowSkiing and is the direct re
12、sponsibility of Subcommittee F27.10 on Binding TestProcedures.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published February 2005. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F 504 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S
13、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.FIG. 1 Load Application1Copyright ASTM
14、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.top face of the ski (in the region of the test shaft) and positivein the direction outward from the ski; the numeral x denotingthe longitudinal axis, positive in the forward direction of theski; and t
15、he numeral y denoting the lateral axis, the positivedirection of which is determined by the right-hand rule. Thez-axis is coincident with the centerline of the test shaft. Theorigin of the XYZ coordinate system is a point 230 mm alongthe axis of the test shaft from the bearing surface of the test so
16、lefor 300 mm test soles. The location is changed proportionallyfor soles other than 300 mm. The direction of any force appliedto the ski is defined by its unit vector. The magnitude of apreload force applied to the ski is defined by the Mzor Mymoment created by the force.4. Summary of Test Method4.1
17、 The ski binding is mounted on a standard ski and astandard boot sole is inserted into the binding.Arelatively stifftest shaft instrumented for moments is affixed to the sole andattached rigidly to the test frame. The apparatus is shown inFig. 2.4.2 Loads sufficient to produce binding release are ap
18、pliedto the binding by forcing the ski to displace relative to theframe until release occurs. The components of the momentstransmitted through the binding to the test shaft are recorded.These records are interpreted to provide the static releasemoments of the binding.5. Significance and Use5.1 This
19、test method involves simulation in the laboratory ofpotential injury-producing loads that can occur in skiing,without implying the frequency or the magnitude of the danger.This test method does not include the simulation of all or partof a skier, and care must be taken not to confuse the values ofmo
20、ments measured by the test shaft with the loads subjected tothe tibia of a skier under the same conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 Ski:6.1.1 SkiThree test skis are defined in Table 1 of ISO9462. The mounting platform shall be as specified in therelevant ASTM standard. The boots ski location marker asshown o
21、n Specification F 944 or ISO 9838 shall be alignedwith the boot centerline marker on the ski. If there are nomarkers on the boot or ski the center of the boot sole shall belocated 15 6 0.5 cm behind the center of the skis projectedlength unless the relevant ASTM standard applies.6.2 BootFour test so
22、les are defined in Table 2 of ISO9462. The standard adult sole shall be 30 6 0.5 cm in lengthand shall be adjustable, over a range of 64 cm. It shall beconstructed to meet the requirements of ISO 9838. Detailsconcerning boot characteristics shall conform to the relevantASTM standard. However, it sha
23、ll be permissible to modify theboot if the binding manufacturer specifies that modification isnecessary for proper function of the binding.6.3 StiffenerWhen a ski stiffener is called for (see AnnexA1 andAnnexA2), a channel of dimensions 75 to 80 mm wideby 35 to 40 mm high by 4 to 5 mm thick shall be
24、 used to stiffenthe ski between the near and rear points. The channel shall bemade of 6061 T6 aluminum, or equivalent. The bar shall beattached to the ski by bolts, screws, or clamps at N and R pointsand at a point half way between N and R points. The stiffenerdescribed in Fig. A1.1 meets this requi
25、rement.6.4 Test Frame:6.4.1 The test frame consists of all mechanical componentsthat connect the boot to a stationary reference, including theboot sole attachment, the test shaft, and the supporting struc-ture for the test shaft. The test frame shall include a boot soleattachment constructed in acco
26、rdance with ISO 9838 for thestandard sole.6.4.2 The angle between the bottom of the boot sole and thetest shaft shall be 90 6 1 in the zx and zy planes; thepositions of centerline of the test shaft relative to the boot shallbe at a longitudinal location 20 6 1 cm from the front of theboot sole when
27、the 300-mm boot sole is used. For other bootsole lengths the distance shall be two thirds the distance fromthe front of the sole.6.4.3 The test shaft and associated instrumentation shall becapable of measuring moments about the x-, y-, and z-axes asrequired. Further specifications for the test shaft
28、 as part of theinstrumentation system are discussed in 6.6.6.4.4 The linear compliance of all combined mechanicalcomponents of the test frame shall be no more than 4 3 106m/N in either of the x or y directions, and no more than4 3 107m/N in the z direction for loads applied at theintersection of the
29、 test shaft and the attachment plate. Theangular compliance shall be no more than 5 3 105rad/N mfor rotations around the x, y,orz-axes.NOTE 1When an associated high-speed test series is established, theangular compliance shall be no more than 2.5 3 105rad/Nmforrotations around the x-, y-, or z-axes.
30、6.5 Cable:6.5.1 The minimum length of cable between the point ofattachment to the ski and the nearest support shall be 1 m.6.5.2 The cable shall be attached to the ski such that theresultant force transmitted through the cable passes within 1cm of the centeroid of the cross section of the ski.6.5.3
31、Preloads are applied through a pulley near the base ofthe load cell pedestal with an attachment swivel not more than12 cm offset from the load cell axis. A spring with a springFIG. 2 Test EquipmentF504052constant of 65 N/cm (610 %) and an unloaded length of atleast 20 cm is attached between the prel
32、oad cable and theattachment fixture. When a preload (PL) is used in a test thepreload cable force will induce a moment Mythat is a specifiedpercentage of the nominal release moment in test 2.1 (see Fig.11).6.5.4 Release in tests 1.1, 2.2, and 2.2 (Fig. 3, Fig. 11, andFig. 12) is accomplished by a si
33、ngle cable connecting points Nand R that is loaded by a traveller pulley of a design capable ofapplying loads at N and R that are opposite in direction andequal in magnitude to within 5 % of each other.NOTE 2Preloads (PL) given in Figs. 7-10 are examples of Mypreloadmoments that may be specified.6.6
34、 Instrumentation:6.6.1 MeasurementsThe instrumentation shall providemeasurement of the peak Mzand Mymoments. The values ofmeasured moments are referred to a point 23 6 0.1 cm abovethe bearing surface of the boot sole on the z-axis for 300-mmsole lengths. Other length soles shall require this referen
35、cepoint to be shifted proportionally.6.6.2 RangeMaximum moment along a single axis:300 N mfull2scale for MzMx! (1)1000 N mfull2scale for My!6.6.3 AccuracyAbsolute accuracy for moment measure-ments to errors less than 62 % of reading for readings above50 Nm and less than 61 Nm for readings 50 Nm or l
36、ess.6.6.4 RepeatabilityRepeated readings under standard testconditions shall be repeatable to 61.5 % for moment readingsabove 50 N m. Repeatability shall be to 60.75 Nm for lowerreadings.6.6.5 HysteresisThe hysteresis measured at no load shallbe less than 1.5-N m moment following a cyclical load to
37、fullscale.6.6.6 Null Drift shall be correctable to less than 0.75-N mmoment at 20C.6.6.7 Temperature Sensitivity:Gain variations: correctable to 0.2 % C at (2)To6 0.5CNull variations: correctable to 0.5 N m/C at (3)To6 0.5Cwhere: To= equilibrium environmental temperature and is inthe range from 20 t
38、o +20C.6.6.8 Frequency ResponseGain measured at full scaleshall vary less than 1 dB over the bandwidth 0 to 100 Hz. Phaselag shall be less than 10 over the same bandwidth.6.7 Load Application:6.7.1 Locations and Directions of ApplicationThe appa-ratus shall have the capability of applying the load c
39、onfigura-tions in accordance with Figs. 3-15. Tests in Category 1 haveFIG. 3 Test 1.1FIG. 4 Test 1.3FIG. 5 Test 1.4FIG. 6 Test 1.5F504053a significant Mzcomponent; tests in Category 2 have asignificant Mycomponent. Note that the unit vector is given forall loads applied through the cable system. The
40、 unit vector fora release load is shown as a solid line while the unit vector fora preload is shown as a dashed line. Preloads (PL) are given interms of the nominal value of test 2.1 (see Fig. 11).6.7.1.1 Release load and preload cables shall be adjustableto within 2 of the orientation of the unit v
41、ector specified inFigs. 3-15 as measured under a cable tension equivalent toapproximately 10 % of the nominal release load in tests 1.1 or2.1 as appropriate.6.7.2 Rates of ApplicationThe apparatus shall have theability of applying loads such that the linear speed of the cablePL = .75 3 2.1FIG. 7 Tes
42、t 1.6PL = .50 3 2.1FIG. 8 Test 1.8PL = .50 3 2.1FIG. 9 Test 1.10PL = .75 3 2.1FIG. 10 Test 1.11FIG. 11 Test 2.1FIG. 12 Test 2.2F504054at the point of attachment to the ski shall be adjustable to twodifferent rates as follows: 2 6 0.5 cm/s and 60 6 10 cm/s.6.7.3 CalibrationThe load cell is calibrated
43、 using thefixture and procedures defined in Annex A.6.7.4 ZeroingThe instrumentation is zeroed without theski attached to the test sole.7. Test Specimen Preparation7.1 Bindings should be mounted in accordance with themanufacturers specifications, and boot surfaces and interfacesshall be cleaned with
44、 an appropriate cleaner, unless otherwisespecified by environmental test procedures. All tests shall beFIG. 13 Test 2.3FIG. 14 Test 2.5FIG. 15 Test 2.8F504055performed with boot-binding contact points wet by a mist ofdistilled water unless otherwise specified by environmentalprocedures.8. Procedure8
45、.1 An individual release measurement shall consist ofattaching a ski-binding system to the test apparatus andapplying a load configuration, as specified in 6.7.1 and 6.7.2,sufficient to cause the binding mechanism to release whilesimultaneously recording information sufficient to determinethe two pe
46、ak Mzand Mymoments. Refer to Annex A2 forstep-by-step procedures.9. Keywords9.1 alpine ski binding; release binding; release envelope;release momentANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. FIXTURESA1.1 ScopeA1.1.1 This Annex describes fixtures that may be used toadapt the device described in Test Method F
47、504 to meet therequirements of ISO 9462 Method B.A1.2 Fixtures and Test ConfigurationsA1.2.1 Use the ski stiffening fixture described in Fig. A1.1and release loads as defined in Fig. 3 and Fig. 11 unlessotherwise specified.A1.2.2 To perform the release with ski deflection test, usethe fixture descri
48、bed in Fig. A1.2.A1.2.3 To perform the release with combined loading testfor influence of forward lean of the body, use the loadconfiguration defined in Fig.A1.3 to apply the preload momentMy.A1.2.4 To perform the release with combined loading testfor influence of roll loading, use the fixture descr
49、ibed in Fig.A1.4 to apply the preload moment Mx.FIG. A1.1 Ski Stiffening FixtureF504056A1.2.5 To perform the release with combined loading testfor influence of backward lean of the body, use the loadconfiguration defined in Fig.A1.5 to apply the preload momentMy where the rear preload (RP) point is 35 cm behind thez-axis.A1.2.6 To perform the release with combined loading testfor influence of axial force, use the fixture described in Fig.A1.6 to apply the preload force F.FIG. A1.2 Release with Ski Deflection TestFIG.
