1、Designation: F589 17Standard Consumer Safety Specification forNon-Powder Guns1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F589; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe
2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification is intended to address the primary causes of injuries involvingnon-powder guns and projectiles. Information concerning
3、 these injuries was obtained from datacollected by the Consumer Product Safety Commission, hereinafter referred to as the Commission,consumer sounding boards, and the manufacturers knowledge of the product and experience withconsumer injuries.The subcommittee regularly conducts comprehensive reviews
4、 from data provided by the Commis-sion and has determined that carelessness, intentional misuse, or lack of adequate adult supervision,or a combination thereof, were factors in the shooting injuries examined.To perform as intended, a non-powder gun requires a level of power which, if misused, can ca
5、useserious injury. This consumer safety specification is intended to reduce the hazards associated withnon-powder gun use. This specification cannot control careless use or eliminate all hazards of misuse,but does provide for warnings of specific hazards and instructions for proper handling, use, an
6、dstorage. Terminology is standardized in this specification, so that conforming products will beidentified in the same manner, and critical dimensions are standardized to assure safe interchange-ability of projectiles and propellants in all conforming non-powder guns. Product performance hazardsare
7、identified and requirements are established to minimize these hazards.This consumer safety specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of non-powder guntechnology. The intent is to revise this consumer safety specification whenever substantive informationbecomes available which just
8、ifies revising existing requirements or adding new requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers non-powderguns, commonly referred to as BB guns, air guns, and pelletguns, which propel a projectile by means of energy released bycompressed air, compressed gas, mechanical spring a
9、ction, or acombination thereof, and is to be used in conjunction withSpecification F590.1.2 Special-purpose match precision and adult guns, asdefined in 3.1 and classified in 8.1 and 8.2, are exempt from theperformance requirements for trigger mechanisms (see 4.3),safety mechanisms (see 4.4), and dr
10、op tests (see 4.5).1.3 Special-purpose training guns, as defined in 3.1 andclassified in 8.3, are exempt from the performance require-ments for the safety mechanism (see 4.4).1.4 LimitationsThis consumer safety specification doesnot cover the following categories of gun products: cl custom-made non-
11、powder guns (see 3.1.2.6); or replica guns (see3.1.2.15); tranquilizer dart guns; toy products such as rubber-band guns, cork guns, pop guns, rubber-tip dart guns, or peaand bean shooters; other recreational-type guns such as blowguns, spear guns, catapult guns (also identified as sling shots),bows,
12、 crossbows, paintball markers, air soft or soft air guns, orcarbide guns; nonrecreational guns such as those used by lawenforcement, scientific, or military agencies; nor industrial andconsumer tools such as paintball guns, staple guns, or conduitguns.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to
13、 be regardedas the standard; the SI units in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 9, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its
14、use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.06 onSafety Standards for Non-Powder Gun Products.Current
15、edition approved Aug. 1, 2017. Published August 2017. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F589 16. DOI:10.1520/F0589-17.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was d
16、eveloped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1environmental p
17、ractices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides a
18、nd Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F590 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Powder GunProjectiles and Propellants2.2 ANSI Standard:3ANSI Z535 Product Safety Signs and Labels2.3 NIST Standa
19、rd:4NIST Special Publication 811 Physical Constant-StandardAcceleration of Gravity, Conversion Factors in Appendix3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Propellant System Terms:3.1.1.1 CO2(carbon dioxide)a propulsion system inwhich the energy is provided by CO2(carbon
20、 dioxide) usuallystored in a removable cylinder. The release of the CO2gasprovides the energy to propel the projectile.3.1.1.2 combination systema propulsion system in whicha combination of spring, spring-piston, pneumatic, and CO2systems can be used to provide the energy to propel theprojectile.3.1
21、.1.3 pneumatica propulsion system in which com-pressed air is stored under pressure and, when released,provides the energy to propel the projectile. A pneumatic gunnormally has a pump system to provide the compressed air.3.1.1.4 pre-charged pneumatica propulsion system inwhich the energy is provided
22、 by compressed gas, normallycompressed air, stored in a refillable cylinder charged by anexternal source. The release of the compressed gas provides theenergy to propel the projectile.3.1.1.5 spring-piston (also known as a spring-air or adia-batic system)a propulsion system in which the projectile i
23、spropelled by air pressure that is created by a piston moved bya spring.3.1.1.6 spring-typea propulsion system in which the pro-jectile is placed into motion by direct contact with a spring ora carrier moved directly by a spring.3.1.2 Non-Powder Gun Terms:3.1.2.1 adult guna non-powder gun that meets
24、 the designcharacteristics of 8.2 and is so designated by the manufacturer.3.1.2.2 antique air guna non-powder gun that is morethan 50 years of age.3.1.2.3 backstopan object intended to stop a projectile.3.1.2.4 barrelthat portion of a non-powder gun throughwhich the projectile is discharged.3.1.2.5
25、 cocking mechanisma device that allows the user tostore manual energy.3.1.2.6 custom guna non-powder gun designed or made tothe specifications of an individual consumer.3.1.2.7 feed mechanisma mechanism that stores,transports, and loads projectiles. It may be manual, repeater, orautomatic in its act
26、ions.3.1.2.8 hammera device which, when released, dischargesthe stored energy.3.1.2.9 magazinea device used in a gun to store projec-tiles.3.1.2.10 non-powder guna device specifically designed todischarge BBs, pellets, or darts by the release of energy storedby compressed air, compressed CO2, mechan
27、ical springs, or acombination thereof.3.1.2.11 piercing assembly (CO2gun)a device that is usedto release gas from the CO2cylinder after the CO2cylinder hasbeen correctly positioned in the gun.3.1.2.12 pumping mechanism (pneumatic gun)a mechani-cal device used to compress air.3.1.2.13 match precision
28、 guna non-powder gun that meetsthe performance characteristics in 8.1 and is so designated bythe manufacturer.3.1.2.14 receiverthe main body of a rifle, shoulder gun, orlong gun that houses all or most of its operating mechanisms.3.1.2.15 replica guna functional non-powder gun manu-factured to dupli
29、cate an antique non-powder gun.3.1.2.16 ricochetrebound or deflection of a projectilefrom a surface.3.1.2.17 safety, automatica safety mechanism that is acti-vated when the cocking mechanism is operated in a normalmanner and must be manually deactivated by an independentaction of the shooter to allo
30、w the gun to be fired by themovement of the trigger.3.1.2.18 safety, manuala safety mechanism that must beactivated by an independent and deliberate action of theshooter and must be similarly released to allow the gun to befired by the movement of the trigger.3.1.2.19 safety mechanisma device which,
31、 when activatedeither automatically or manually, locks a part of the non-powder gun, usually the trigger, to prevent unintentional firingin normal use. The device is sometimes referred to as a safety,safety button, or safety lever.3.1.2.20 searthe catch that holds the mechanism in theready-to-fire p
32、osition until released by the user, through triggermovement.3.1.2.21 shot-start forcethe force that is required to inserta non-powder gun projectile into a cavity of standard size fora given caliber.3.1.2.22 single-shot guna gun that requires individualmanual loading for each shot.3.1.2.23 strikerse
33、e hammer.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institut
34、e (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 3460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-3460.F589 1723.1.2.24 targetthe object at which the projectile is dis-charged.3.1.2.25 training guna non-powder gun that meet
35、s therequirements in 8.3 and is so designated by the manufacturer.3.1.2.26 triggera device operated by the user to fire a gun.3.1.2.27 trigger, adjustablea trigger mechanism in whichthe trigger pull is adjustable.3.1.2.28 trigger, double-actiona trigger mechanism inwhich a single continuous action o
36、f the trigger moves thehammer to the firing position and then releases it to dischargethe projectile.3.1.2.29 trigger guarda rigid component of a non-powdergun that, together with the receiver frame or stock, completelyencircles the trigger.3.1.2.30 trigger pullthe force required to move the trigger
37、from its fully engaged position to a position that fires the gun.3.1.2.31 trigger, single-actiona trigger mechanism inwhich the hammer must be manually cocked for each shot.3.1.2.32 trigger, two-stagea trigger mechanism in whichthe first stage movement allows the trigger to be moved withminimum forc
38、e until it encounters a resistance. The secondstage requires an increased force to cause disengagement andfiring of gun.3.1.2.33 valvea device used to release CO2or air from astorage chamber into the barrel during a firing cycle.4. Performance Requirements4.1 Gun FunctionThe cocking or pumping mecha
39、nism ofa non-powder gun shall not cause a gun to discharge uninten-tionally while the gun is being cocked in accordance with themanufacturers instructions. The feed mechanism of a non-powder gun shall not cause unintentional discharge of aprojectile when a gun is used in accordance with the manufac-
40、turers instructions. Tests shall be conducted in accordancewith 9.1. If the characteristics of a cocking or pumpingmechanism are such that pinch points may be exposed while agun is being cocked, instructions and warnings identifying thehazard and providing safe procedures shall be provided witheach
41、gun in accordance with 10.4.1.9.4.2 Barrel PerformanceNon-powder guns shall have suf-ficient energy to expel the projectile intended for use with agun when used in accordance with the manufacturers instruc-tions. Test shall be conducted in accordance with 9.2.4.3 Trigger Mechanism:4.3.1 The weight a
42、pplied to the trigger necessary to fire anon-powder gun shall be more than 3 lb (1.35 kg) and less than16 lb (7.3 kg). Tests shall be conducted in accordance with 9.3.4.3.2 An adjustable trigger mechanism that is adjustable tobelow 2 lb (0.9 kg) must have some part of its trigger pullrange above 3 l
43、b (1.35 kg) but less than 16 lb (7.3 kg) (see 5.4.2and 10.4.6).4.3.3 The match precision and adult guns (see 8.1 and 8.2)are exempt from the 3 lb (1.35 kg) minimum trigger pull. Thisexemption shall be specified on the packages containing thespecial-purpose non-powder guns in accordance with 10.2.9an
44、d in the literature packed with the gun in accordance with10.4.4.4.4 Safety Mechanism:4.4.1 Safety mechanisms shall be provided on all non-powder guns except the special-purpose guns (Section 8)which may or may not be provided with safety mechanisms.All safety mechanisms shall be clearly marked to i
45、ndicate thesafe and fire positions in accordance with 10.3.4. All safetymechanisms shall be capable of preventing the guns from beingfired when a weight of 30 lb (13.6 kg) is applied to the trigger.Tests shall be conducted in accordance with 9.4.4.4.2 Special-purpose non-powder guns (Section 8), are
46、exempt from this requirement. This exemption shall be clearlyspecified on the packaging in accordance with 10.2.9 and in theliterature packed with the gun in accordance with 10.4.4.4.5 Drop Test:4.5.1 Non-powder guns shall be capable of withstanding a36-in. (914-mm) drop without firing. Tests shall
47、be conductedin accordance with 9.5.4.5.2 The match precision and adult guns (see 8.1 and 8.2)are exempt from this requirement. This exemption shall beclearly specified on the packaging in accordance with 10.2.9and in the literature packed with the gun in accordance with10.4.4.4.6 Structural Integrit
48、y Requirement for CO2GunsCO2guns shall be constructed to prevent the full or partially filledCO2cylinder from being propelled from the gun while thecylinder is being emptied, installed, or removed.4.7 Temperature Test for CO2GunsCO2guns shall becapable of retaining the CO2cylinder in a pierced state
49、 whenboth are heated to a temperature of 160F (71C) and main-tained for12 h without structural failure of the gun. Tests shallbe conducted in accordance with 9.6. Seal failure between thegun and cylinder is acceptable.5. General Requirements5.1 LiteratureLiterature shall be provided with each non-powder gun and shall include, as applicable, the instructionsand cautionary statements specified in Section 10.5.1.1 Muzzle VelocityThe muzzle velocity of the projectileof the non-powder gun shall be included in the muzzle velocitystatem
