1、Designation: F 590 05Standard Consumer Safety Specification forNon-Powder Gun Projectiles and Propellants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 590; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers projectilesand propellants manufactured for use with non-powder gunsintended for
3、target shooting, educational, and recreationalpurposes and is to be used in conjunction with ConsumerSafety Specification F 589. Non-powder guns are commonlyidentified as BB guns, air guns, or pellet guns.1.2 The projectiles and propellants covered by this con-sumer safety specification are BB cal,
4、.177 cal (4.5 mm), .22cal (5.5 mm), and .25 cal (6.4 mm) air gun shot of variousmaterials; .177 cal (4.5 mm), 5 mm, .22 cal (5.5 mm), .25 cal(6.4 mm) pellets and .177 cal (4.5 mm), 5 mm, .22 cal (5.5mm), and .25 cal (6.4 mm) darts and propellants identified as8 and 12-g type CO2cylinders with both s
5、mall and standard-sized necks.1.3 This consumer safety specification does not cover pro-pellants such as dichlorodifluoromethane or projectiles that arepropelled by a combustible release of energy; non-powder gunprojectiles used with products identified as blow guns, slingshots, cork guns, toy guns,
6、 or archery cross bows and othersuch devices; projectiles designed for adult use in obsoletenon-powder guns, custom-made non-powder guns, and non-powder guns designed for and used by law enforcement,scientific, veterinary or military use; paint ball markers, am-munition for airsoft/softair guns and
7、shot used with shotguns inthe firearm classification.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
8、userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 589 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Powder Guns3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This S
9、tandard:Projectiles3.1.1 air-gun darta .177 cal, 5 mm, .22 cal, or .25 calnon-powder gun projectile having a pointed configuration onone end and tufts on the other (see Fig. 1).3.1.1.1 tuftthe material that is added to the body of a dart.3.1.2 air-gun shota BB, .177, .22-cal, or .25 cal ball-shaped,
10、 non-powder gun projectile made primarily of lead, leadalloy, or steel (see Fig. 2).3.1.2.1 air-gun shot, leada shot made of lead or lead alloywhich may or may not have a protective finish.3.1.2.2 air-gun shot, lead-coateda shot made of steel thathas a thin, uniform coating of lead or lead alloy. It
11、 may or maynot have a protective finish.3.1.2.3 air-gun shot, steela shot made of steel that iscoated with a protective finish.3.1.2.4 dimension across flatsthe diameter of an air-gunshot, as measured across the flats.3.1.2.5 maximum spherical diameterthe largest diameterof an air-gun shot, as measu
12、red with a ring gage.3.1.3 caliberthe nomenclature used to indicate the boresize of a non-powder gun and the compatible projectileintended for use with that bore size.3.1.4 non-powder gun projectilea projectile that is de-signed for and intended to be discharged from a non-powdergun.3.1.5 pelleta .1
13、77 cal, 5 mm, .22 cal, or .25 cal non-spherical, semihollow non-powder gun projectile made of lead,lead alloy, or other material, or a combination thereof. Typicalexamples are shown in Fig. 3.3.1.5.1 nose of pellet the forwardmost portion of a pellet.1This consumer safety specification is under the
14、jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.06 on Safety Standards for Non-Powder Gun Products.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 590
15、92 (2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
16、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.5.2 overall length of pelletthe maximum dimension ofa pellet as measured parallel to the axis.3.1.6 shot-start forcethe force that is required to insert anon-powder gun projectile into a cavity of standard size for agiven caliber.Pr
17、opellants3.1.7 CO2(carbon dioxide) cylindera cylinder that holdscarbon dioxide in a liquid-gas combination and consists of amain body or container and a neck containing the cap and seal(see Fig. 4) for use in non-powder guns.3.1.7.1 cap, CO2cylinderthe section of the cylinder neckcontaining the seal
18、 that is punctured to release CO2foruse inthe non-powder gun.3.1.7.2 neck diameter, CO2cylinder the outside diameterof the neck of a CO2cylinder.3.1.7.3 neck length, CO2cylinderthe distance the neck ofa cylinder enters into a hole equal to the maximum allowableneck diameter (see Fig. 5).3.1.7.4 over
19、all length, CO2cylinder the length measuredparallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder.3.1.7.5 outside diameter, CO2cylinder the diameter of themain body of the CO2cylinder.3.1.8 propellant, CO2(carbon dioxide)a propellant inwhich the energy source is obtained from compressed carbondioxide gas
20、.4. Requirements4.1 Projectiles:FIG. 1 Air-Gun DartFIG. 2 Air-Gun ShotFIG. 3 Air-Gun PelletsFIG. 4 CO2(Carbon Dioxide) CylinderF5900524.1.1 Air-Gun Shot, SteelAir-gun shot, steel, shall con-form to the minimum and maximum diameter dimensionsspecified in Table 1 when measured in accordance with 7.1 a
21、nd7.2.4.1.2 Air-Gun Shot, LeadAir-gun shot, lead, shall con-form to the minimum diameter dimensions specified in Table 2when measured in accordance with 7.3 and shall conform tothe maximum shot-start force as specified in Table 3 whenmeasured in accordance with 7.4.4.1.3 PelletsPellets shall conform
22、 to the minimum andmaximum length dimensions as specified in Table 4 whenmeasured in accordance with 7.5 and shall conform to themaximum shot-start force as specified in Table 5 when mea-sured in accordance with 7.4.4.1.4 Air-Gun DartsAir-gun darts shall conform to theminimum and maximum length dime
23、nsions as specified inTable 6 when measured in accordance with 7.5 and shallconform to the maximum shot-start force as specified in Table7 when measured in accordance with 7.4.4.1.5 Finish and AppearanceThe outermost surfaces ofall projectiles that require protection against deterioration shallhave
24、a protective finish.4.2 PropellantsCO2gas propellant may be combined withadditional ingredients for use as a propellant for non-powderguns, but the propellant shall be noncombustible.4.3 Propellant Containers:4.3.1 CO2Cylinder Measurement TestCO2cylinders shallconform with the appropriate dimensions
25、 and tolerances inTable 8 and Table 9 when measured in accordance with 7.6.4.3.2 CO2Cylinder Temperature TestCO2cylinders shallwithstand a temperature as defined in 7.6.4.1 without leakingor bursting when tested in accordance with 7.6.4.3.3 Rupture TestCO2cylinders that have been tested inaccordance
26、 with 7.6 and 7.8 shall not fragment or splinter uponrupture. Failure shall not occur at the cap or neck section of thecylinder.4.3.4 Finish and AppearanceThe outermost surfaces ofCO2cylinders that require protection against deterioration shallhave a protective finish.5. Significance and Use5.1 This
27、 consumer safety specification establishes the di-mensions and tolerances and supporting test methods fornon-powder gun projectiles and propellants to ensure compat-ibility between the projectiles and propellants and the non-powder guns for which they are designed.5.2 This consumer safety specificat
28、ion identifies non-powder gun projectiles and propellants and establishes productidentification requirements. The product identification require-ments are intended to guide users of non-powder guns inselecting the correct projectile or propellant for use in variousguns, and attempts to prevent hazar
29、ds associated with incorrectuse of projectiles and propellants.6. Conformance6.1 Non-powder gun projectiles and propellants producedafter the effective date of this consumer safety specificationshall not, either by label or other means, indicate conformancewith this consumer safety specification unl
30、ess they conformwith all the requirements contained herein.7. Test MethodsNOTE 1No precision statement on any of the following test methodsis available at this time.7.1 Measurement of Maximum Spherical Diameter of Air-Gun Shot, Steel (see Fig. 2 and Table 1):7.1.1 SignificanceThe purpose of this tes
31、t method is toestablish the maximum diameter of air-gun shot, steel, toensure that the projectile will be compatible with the non-powder gun for which it is intended.7.1.2 Apparatus:7.1.2.1 Ring Gage, with a minimum thickness of 0.125 in.(3.18 mm) and a hole diameter with the maximum diameter inTabl
32、e 1 60.0001 in. (+0.002 mm). The ring gage is used todetermine whether the air-gun shot exceeds the appropriatemaximum spherical diameter in Table 1.7.1.2.2 Screening Plate (optional), with holes 0.001 60.0001-in. (0.025 6 0.002-mm) smaller in diameter than themaximum diameter of the ring gage speci
33、fied in 7.1.2.1. Thescreening plate may be used to select or screen only the largestshot for measurement with the ring gage.FIG. 5 CO2Cylinder Combination Gage (C.R.S.) Maximum NeckDiameter and Minimum Neck LengthTABLE 1 Air-Gun Shot (Steel)DiametersProjectile TypeMaximumSpherical Diameter,in. (mm)M
34、inimum DimensionAcross Flats,in. (mm)Air-gun shot, steel, BB cal (.177cal)0.175 (4.44) 0.162 (4.11)Air-gun shot, steel, .22 cal 0.2198 (5.583) 0.205 (5.21)TABLE 2 Air-Gun Shot (Lead)DiametersProjectile TypeMinimum Diameter,in. (mm)Air-gun shot, lead, .177 cal 0.162 (4.11)Air-gun shot, lead, .22 cal
35、0.205 (5.21)F5900537.1.3 Test SpecimenTest specimens shall consist of newair-gun shot, selected in accordance with the manufacturersusual quality assurance practices.7.1.4 Procedure:7.1.4.1 Conduct the test at room temperature (60 to 80F (16to 27C).7.1.4.2 A screening plate may be used to reduce the
36、 numberof shot which must be passed through the ring gage. If thescreening plate in 7.1.2.2 is used, place the test specimen on theplate. Shake the plate so that the smaller shot pass through thescreen and the larger shot remain on the screen. Collect thelarger shot remaining on the screen for measu
37、rement with thering gage. Inspect the shot which have passed through thescreening plate and sort all abnormal shot from the lot whichwas passed through the screen for measurement with the ringgage.7.1.4.3 Place each shot in the hole of the ring gage with themaximum spherical diameter shown in Table
38、1. Roll the shot inthe ring gage so that the diameters of the three perpendicularaxes of the shot are exposed to the hole in the ring gage. Shotthat does not roll within the ring gage is oversized and fails thetest.7.2 Measurement of Flat Dimensions of Air-Gun Shot, Steel(Fig. 2):7.2.1 SignificanceT
39、he purpose of this test method is tomeasure the dimensions across the flats of air-gun shot, steel, toensure that the shot will be compatible with the gun and thefeed system for which it is intended.7.2.2 Apparatus:7.2.2.1 Pointed Micrometer, capable of measuring with anaccuracy of 60.0001 in. (60.0
40、02 mm).7.2.3 Test SpecimenTest specimens shall consist of newair-gun shot, selected in accordance with the manufacturersusual quality assurance practices.NOTE 2The test specimens used in 7.1 may be used for this test.7.2.4 Procedure:7.2.4.1 Conduct the tests at room temperature (60 to 80F(16 to 27C)
41、.7.2.4.2 Measure each shot and record the micrometer read-ing of the shot from a flat to the opposite surface if one flatexists, or from flat to flat if two flats exist.7.2.4.3 The shot is acceptable if the diameter measured isequal to or greater than the minimum dimension of the flatsspecified in T
42、able 1.7.3 Measurement of Minimum Diameter of Air-Gun Shot,Lead (Table 2):7.3.1 SignificanceThe purpose of this method is to mea-sure the minimum diameter of air-gun shot, lead, to ensure thatthe shot will be compatible with the gun and the feed systemfor which it is intended.7.3.2 Apparatus:7.3.2.1
43、 Micrometer (0 to 1 in. (0 to 25 mm), having anaccuracy of 60.0001 in. (60.002 mm).7.3.3 Test SpecimenTest specimens shall consist of newair-gun shot, selected in accordance with the manufacturersusual quality assurance practices.7.3.4 Procedure:7.3.4.1 Conduct the tests at room temperature (60 to 8
44、0F(16 to 27C).7.3.4.2 Measure the diameter at three different positions. Ifthe shot appears to have a particular diameter or diameters thatare smaller than other diameters, then choose the smallerdiameters to be measured (such as diameter across one or moreflats).7.3.4.3 The shot is acceptable if al
45、l diameters measured areequal to or greater than those specified in Table 2.7.4 Shot-Start Force Measurement of Air-Gun Shot (Lead),Pellets, and Darts (Table 3, Table 5, and Table 6):7.4.1 SignificanceThe purpose of this test method is tomeasure the force required to push an air-gun shot (lead), ape
46、llet, or a dart into a standard size hole that represents the boreof a gun. This procedure is intended to ensure compatibilitybetween projectiles and the non-powder guns for which theyare designed.7.4.2 Apparatus:7.4.2.1 Special Shot-Start Force Test Fixture, as shown inFig. 6, having gage and punch
47、 diameters as provided in Table3, Table 5,orTable 6, which are appropriate for the projectilesbeing tested.7.4.2.2 Scale, suitable spring weight having an accuracy of60.2 lbf (60.89 N).7.4.3 Test SpecimenTest specimens shall consist of newair-gun shot (lead), pellets, or darts, selected in accordanc
48、ewith the manufacturers usual quality assurance practices.7.4.4 Procedure:7.4.4.1 Conduct test at room temperature (60 to 80F (16 to27C).7.4.4.2 Place a test specimen nose first into the guide sectionof the shot-start force fixture. Place the punch on the rear of thetest specimen and apply force to
49、the punch with the springscale. Observe the force of the spring scale and record theTABLE 3 Air-Gun Shot (Lead)Shot-Start Force and Gage Dimensions and TolerancesProjectile TypeMaximumShot-Start Force,lbf (N)Gage Dimensions and Tolerances (see Fig. 6), in. (mm)Punch Diameter,60.001 in.(60.025 mm)Inside Diameter,60.0001 in.(60.0025 mm)Guide Inside Diameter,60.001 in.(60.025 mm)Air-gun shot, lead, .177 cal 22.5 (100) 0.093 (2.36) 0.175 (4.45) 0.1935 (4.915)Air-gun shot, lead, .22 cal 20.0 (89) 0.125 (3.18) 0.216 (5.49) 0.234
