1、Designation: F793/F793M 15Standard Classification ofWall Coverings by Use Characteristics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F793/F793M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification covers the classification of wallcoverings by use characteristics, that is, according to theirserviceability in use
3、, recognizing that certain wall coveringsare designed primarily for decorative effect, while other wallcoverings are also designed to achieve a high degree ofserviceability.1.1.1 This classification applies to all wall coverings butsome sections apply specifically to vinyl-coated wall coveringmateri
4、als.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore,each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-ing values from the two systems has the potential t
5、o result innon-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe theproperties of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materi
6、als, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bili
7、ty of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals onClear an
8、d Pigmented Organic FinishesD2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall PaintsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE2404 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting ofTextile, Paper or Polymeric (Including Vinyl) and WoodWall or Ceiling Coverings, Facings an
9、d Veneers, toAssessSurface Burning CharacteristicsG21 Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Poly-meric Materials to Fungi2.2 Federal Standards:3Fed. Std. No. 191A Textile Test Methods (Superseding Fed.Std. No. 191) (Revisions to August 2000)Fed. Spec. CCC-W-408D Wall Covering, Vinyl-Coate
10、d(Dated January 1994, Reinstated December 2003)2.3 ICC Codes:4IBC International Building CodeIFC International Fire CodeIRC International Residential Code2.4 NFPA Codes and Standards:5NFPA 1 Fire CodeNFPA 101 Life Safety CodeNFPA 265 Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room FireGrowth Contribution
11、of Textile Coverings on Full HeightPanels and WallsNFPA 286 Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribu-tion of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room FireGrowthNFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code2.5 UL Standard:6UL 723 Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of BuildingMaterials1Th
12、is classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.15 onWallcoverings.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2015. Published January 2016. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F793 10a
13、. DOI:10.1520/F0793_F0793M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization
14、 Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, ATTN: NPODS.4Available from International Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls Church, VA 22041.5Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269
15、-9101.6Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 ab
16、rasion resistanceability to withstand mechanicalaction such as rubbing, scraping, or scrubbing that mayprogressively tend to remove material from the surface of awall covering.3.1.2 blocking resistanceability to resist adhesion or stick-ing between two surfaces of a wall covering that touch underuni
17、form loading and temperature conditions for a specifiedtime.3.1.3 breaking strengthability of a wall covering to with-stand a pulling force in the plane of the web.3.1.4 coating adhesionmeasure of the strength of the bondbetween the surface coating and the backing or substrate of awall covering.3.1.
18、5 cold cracking resistanceability to resist cracking ofthe coated or decorative surface when a wall covering is foldedduring exposure to low temperatures.3.1.6 colorfastnessability to resist change or loss of colorresulting from exposure to light.3.1.7 crocking resistanceability to resist transfer o
19、f colorfrom a wall covering surface when rubbed.3.1.8 flame spread indexcomparative measure expressedas a dimensionless number, derived from visual measurementsof the spread of flame versus time.3.1.8.1 DiscussionTypically the flame spread index isdetermined in accordance with Test Method E84 (see 1
20、.3).3.1.9 heat aging resistanceability to resist deterioration ofthe coated or decorative surface when a wall covering isexposed to elevated temperatures over an extended period.3.1.10 mildew-resistant wall coveringwall covering thathas been treated to deter the growth of fungi (mildew) on thedecora
21、tive surface.3.1.11 peelable wall coveringwall covering from whichthe decorative surface may be dry-peeled from the substrate,leaving a continuous layer of the substrate on the wall, whenthe wall covering has been installed and peeled in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions.3.1.12 scrubbabi
22、lityability of a wall covering to withstandscrubbing with a brush and a prescribed detergent solution.3.1.13 shrinkabilitychange in the dimension of the wallcovering after wetting it and drying it.3.1.14 smoke developed indexcomparative measure ex-pressed as a dimensionless number, derived from meas
23、ure-ments of smoke obscuration versus time.3.1.14.1 DiscussionTypically the smoke developed indexis determined in accordance with Test Method E84 (see 1.3).3.1.15 stain resistanceability of a wall covering to showno appreciable change in appearance after application andremoval of specified reagents.
24、3.1.16 strippable wall coveringwall covering that can bedry-stripped from the wall after having been installed andstripped in accordance with the manufacturers instructions,leaving a minimum of product residue on the wall and withoutdamage to the wall surface.3.1.17 tear strengthability of a wall co
25、vering to resist thepropagation of an existing tear.3.1.18 wall coveringflexible product designed to coverwalls and ceilings for decorative or functional purposes, orboth.3.1.19 washabilityability of a wall covering to withstandoccasional sponging with a prescribed detergent solution.4. Significance
26、 and Use4.1 This classification provides criteria by which wall cov-erings of appropriate use characteristics can be chosen forparticular residential and commercial decorating applications.5. Basis of Classification5.1 Wall coverings are classified based on their performancein tests for:Abrasion res
27、istanceBlocking resistanceBreaking strengthCoating adhesionCold cracking resistanceColorfastnessCrocking resistanceHeat aging resistanceMaximum flame spread indexMaximum shrinkageMaximum smoke developed indexOther flammability characteristicsScrubbabilityStain resistanceTear resistanceWashability5.2
28、 Wall coverings shall be classified in accordance with theperformance criteria listed in Table 1 when tested in accor-dance with the appropriate test methods in Section 7.5.2.1 Category I, Decorative OnlyWall coverings manu-factured for decorative purposes that can be hung withoutdamage in accordanc
29、e with the manufacturers instructions.5.2.2 Category II, Decorative with Medium ServiceabilityWall coverings primarily decorative but more washable andcolorfast than Category I wall coverings.5.2.3 Category III, Decorative with High ServiceabilityWall coverings manufactured for medium use, where abr
30、asionresistance, stain resistance, scrubbability, and increased color-fastness are necessary. Category III wall coverings must alsomeet breaking strength and crocking resistance criteria.5.2.4 Category IV, Type I Commercial Serviceability (forVinyl-Coated Wall Coverings)Wall coverings manufacturedfo
31、r use where higher abrasion resistance, stain resistance, andscrubbability are necessary in heavy consumer and lightcommercial use. Category IV wall coverings must also meetcrocking resistance, tear resistance, blocking resistance, coldcracking resistance, heat aging resistance, and breakingstrength
32、 criteria. Wall coverings shall meet Type I performanceas defined by Fed. Spec. CCC-W-408D.5.2.5 Category V, Type II Commercial Serviceability (forVinyl-Coated Wall Coverings)Wall coverings manufacturedfor use where better wearing qualities are required and expo-sure to wear is greater than normal.
33、Category V wall coveringsF793/F793M 152shall meet high abrasion resistance, stain resistance, andcolorfastness criteria, in addition to higher crocking resistance,tear resistance, and breaking strength criteria than Categories Ito IV. Blocking resistance, cold cracking resistance, coatingadhesion, a
34、nd heat aging resistance tests also apply. Wallcoverings shall meet Type II performance as defined by Fed.Spec. CCC-W-408D.5.2.6 Category VI, Type III Commercial Serviceability (forVinyl-Coated Wall Coverings)Wall coverings manufacturedfor use in heavy traffic areas. Category VI wall coverings shall
35、meet the highest abrasion resistance, stain resistance, tearresistance, colorfastness, crocking resistance, and breakingstrength criteria. Blocking resistance, coating adhesion, coldcracking resistance, and heat aging resistance tests also apply.Wall coverings shall meet Type III performance as defi
36、ned byFed. Spec. CCC-W-408D.5.3 Wall coverings required to exhibit a flammability clas-sification shall be tested and classified as a “Class A, B, or CInterior Finish” in accordance with one of the codes indicatedin 5.3.1, using the fire test methods indicated in 5.3.2, 5.3.3,5.3.4,or5.3.5, as appro
37、priate.5.3.1 Sections of codes that classify interior finish materialsin accordance with their flammability.5.3.1.1 Chapter 10 of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code,5.3.1.2 Chapter 10 of NFPA 5000, Building Constructionand Safety Code,5.3.1.3 Chapter 12 of NFPA 1, Fire Code,5.3.1.4 Chapter 8 of IBC, Interna
38、tional Building Code,5.3.1.5 Chapter 8 of IFC, International Fire Code,5.3.1.6 Chapter R3 of the IRC, International ResidentialCode, and5.3.1.7 Relevant sections of the applicable local codes,including legacy codes.5.3.2 Test Method E84 is suitable for assessing the flamespread index and smoke devel
39、oped index of a wall covering. Ifwall or ceiling coverings are tested in accordance with TestMethod E84, the tests shall be conducted using the specimenpreparation and mounting methods contained in PracticeE2404. When a wall covering is tested using Test Method E84,it is classified by the codes as f
40、ollows:5.3.2.1 A Class A material exhibits a flame spread index nogreater than 25 and a smoke developed index no greater than450,5.3.2.2 A Class B material exhibits a flame spread indexgreater than 25 but no greater 75 and a smoke developed indexno greater than 450, and5.3.2.3 A Class C material exh
41、ibits a flame spread indexgreater than 75 but no greater than 200 and a smoke developedindex no greater than 450.5.3.3 Tests conducted in accordance with UL 723 are likelyto produce results that are consistent with those produced fromtests in accordance with Test Method E84.5.3.4 Tests conducted in
42、accordance with NFPA 286, aroom-corner fire test, and exhibiting pass/fail criteria of heatrelease and smoke release as shown in the codes are permittedto be used wherever interior finish materials (including wallcovering materials or ceiling covering materials) are requiredto meet a classification
43、of Class A, B, or C in accordance withTest Method E84.5.3.4.1 Codes require that materials tested to NFPA 286comply with the following criteria:TABLE 1 Classification CriteriaPropertySectionReferenceCategory IDecorativeOnlyCategory IIDecorativewith MediumServiceabilityCategory IIIDecorativewith High
44、ServiceabilityCategory IVType ICommercialServiceabilityCategory VType IICommercialServiceabilityCategory VIType IIICommercialServiceabilityMinimum colorfastness 7.3 23 h 46 h 200 h 200 h 200 hMinimum washability 7.4 100 cycles 100 cycles 100 cycles 100 cycles 100 cyclesMinimum scrubbability 7.7 50 c
45、ycles 200 cycles 300 cycles 500 cyclesMinimum abrasion resistance 7.8 200 cycles(220 grit)300 cycles(220 grit)1000 cycles(220 grit)Minimum breaking strengthMD (machine direction)CMD (cross machine direction)7.9 40 lb 18.1 kg30 lb 13.6 kg50 lb 22.7 kg55 lb 24.9 kg100 lb 45.4 kg95 lb 43.1 kgMinimum cr
46、ocking resistance 7.6 good good good goodMinimum stain resistance 7.5 Reagents 1 to 9 Reagents 1 to 9 Reagents 1 to 12 Reagents 1 to 12Minimum tear resistanceA7.10 192 gf 800 gf 1600 gfMaximum blocking resistance 7.11 22Minimum coating adhesion 7.12 2 lb/in. 36 kg/m 3 lb/in. 54 kg/m 3 lb/in. 54 kg/m
47、Minimum cold cracking resistance 7.13 no change no change no changeMinimum heat aging resistance 7.14 pass pass passMaximum flame spread index (Class A) 5.3.2 25 25 25 25 25Maximum flame spread index (Class B) 5.3.2 75 75 75 75 75Maximum flame spread index (Class C) 5.3.2 200 200 200 200 200Maximum
48、smoke developed index (ClassA, B, or C)5.3.2 450 450 450 450 450Other Flammability 5.3.4or5.3.5No flashover and heat release and smoke release as required by the codes in accordance withNFPA 286 (any wall covering) or NFPA 265 (textile and expanded vinyl wall coverings)Maximum shrinkageMD (machine d
49、irection)CMD (cross machine direction)7.19212121.5AThe “gf” is an abbreviation for gram force, consistent with pounds force as lbf.F793/F793M 153(1) During the 40 kW exposure, flames shall not spread tothe ceiling.(2) The flame shall not spread to the outer extremity of thesample on any wall or ceiling.(3) Flashover, as defined in NFPA 286, shall not occur.(4) The peak heat release rate throughout the test shall notexceed 800 kW.(5) The total smoke released throughout the test shall notexceed 1000 m2.5.3.5 Tests conducted on textile
