1、Designation: F 959 07Standard Specification forCompressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators forUse with Structural Fasteners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 959; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements forcompressible-washer-type direct tension indicators
3、capable ofindicating the achievement of a specified minimum bolt tensionin a structural bolt.1.2 Four types of direct tension indicators in nominaldiameter sizes12 through 112 in. are covered:1.2.1 Type 325direct tension indicators for use withSpecification A 325 or F 1852 Type I bolts, nuts, and wa
4、shers.1.2.2 Type 3253direct tension indicators for use withSpecification A 325 Type 3 bolts, nuts, and washers.1.2.3 Type 490direct tension indicators for use withSpecification A 490 or F 2280 bolts, nuts, and washers.1.2.4 Type 4903direct tension indicators for use withSpecification A 490 Type 3 bo
5、lts, nuts, and washers.1.3 Direct tension indicators are intended for installationunder either a bolt head or a hardened washer. (See ResearchCouncil on Structural Connections: Specification for StructuralJoints Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts.)1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains only
6、 tothe test method portions, Section 12 and Appendix X1 of thisspecification: This standard does not purport to address all ofthe safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine
7、 the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, HeatTreated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA 490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, HeatTreated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
8、B 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc MechanicallyDeposited on Iron and SteelD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingF 436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension
9、Indicators, and RivetsF 1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani-cal Properties and Performance InspectionF 1852 Specification for “Twist Off” Type Tension ControlStructural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Steel, HeatTreated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthF 2280 Specification for “Tw
10、ist Off” Type Tension ControlStructural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Steel, HeatTreated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength2.2 Research Council on Structural Connections:3Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 orA 490 Bolts2.3 ASME Standard:4ASME B18.2.6 Fasteners for Use in Structural Ap
11、plications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published
12、 April 2007. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F 959 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document S
13、ummary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Research Council on Structural Connections at www.boltcoun-cil.org.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.FIG. 1 Direct Tension Indica
14、tor Protrusion Tangential Diameter(PTD)1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 compressible-washer-type direct tension indicator,nwasher-type element ins
15、erted under the bolt head or hard-ened washer, having the capability of indicating the achieve-ment of a required minimum bolt tension by the degree ofdirect tension indicator plastic deformation. Hereafter referredto as direct tension indicator.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for direct tension i
16、ndicators under this specifica-tion shall include the following:4.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces);4.1.2 Name of product (direct tension indicator);4.1.3 Size, that is, nominal diameter;4.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue (if not specified,current issue shall be used);4.1.5 Type required, 325, 3
17、25-3, 490, 490-3 (see 1.2);4.1.6 Coating type, if required (5.4);4.1.7 Source inspection, if required (Section 13);4.1.8 Certificates of compliance or test reports, if required(Section 15); and4.1.9 Any special requirements.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Steel used in the manufacture of direct tens
18、ion indica-tors shall be produced by the basic-oxygen or electric-furnaceprocess.5.2 Design:5.2.1 Direct tension indicators shall have a configurationproduced by extrusion, punching, pressing, or similar forming,to permit a measurable decrease in thickness when placed incompression.5.2.2 The design
19、shall be such that the degree of plasticdeformation shall indicate the tension in a tightened structuralbolt.5.3 Heat TreatmentThe process used for heat treatment ofDTIs shall be through-hardening by heating to a temperatureabove the upper transformation temperature, quenching in aliquid medium, and
20、 then retempering by reheating to a suitabletemperature to attain desired mechanical/performance proper-ties.5.4 Protective Coatings:5.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, the direct tension indica-tors shall be furnished “plain” with the “as fabricated” surfacefinish without protective coatings.5.4.2 Wh
21、en “zinc coated” is specified, the direct tensionindicators shall be zinc coated by the mechanical depositionprocess in accordance with the requirements of Class 50 ofSpecification B 695.5.4.3 When “baked epoxy” is specified, the epoxy shall be0.001 to 0.002 in. thick applied over the zinc coating s
22、pecifiedin 5.4.2. The epoxy shall not flake off exposed surfaces duringinstallation.5.4.4 Other coatings are to be used only when approved bythe direct tension indicator manufacturer.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The direct tension indicators shall conform in chemicalcomposition to the limits given in
23、Table 1.6.2 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser fromfinished direct tension indicators representing each lot. Thechemical composition shall conform to the requirements givenin Table 1, Product Analysis.7. Performance Requirements7.1 Compression LoadsWhen compressed to the gapspecified in T
24、able 2, the compression load shall conform to therequirements specified in Table 3.8. Dimensions8.1 The direct tension indicators shall conform to thedimensional and related requirements of ASME B18.2.6.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 The direct tension indicators shall be commerciallysmoo
25、th and free of injurious material or manufacturing defectsthat would affect their performance.10. Number of Tests and Retests10.1 Responsibility:10.1.1 The direct tension indicator manufacturer shall in-spect each lot of direct tension indicators prior to shipment inaccordance with the quality assur
26、ance procedures described in10.2.10.1.2 The purpose of a lot inspection testing program is toensure that each lot conforms to the requirements of thisspecification. For such a plan to be fully effective, it is essentialthat the purchaser continue to maintain the identification andTABLE 1 Chemical Co
27、mposition RequirementsElementComposition, %HeatAnalysisProductAnalysisType 325 andType 490Type 325-3 andType 490-3AType 325 andType 490Type 325-3 andType 490-3ACarbon 0.300.55 0.270.58Manganese 0.500.90 0.470.93Phosphorus, Max 0.04 0.040 0.048 0.045Sulfur, Max 0.045 0.050 0.053 0.055Silicon 0.150.35
28、 0.150.35 0.130.37 0.130.37Chromium 0.450.65 0.420.68Nickel 0.250.45 0.220.48Copper 0.250.45 0.220.48AWeathering steel DTIs are also permitted to be manufactured from any of the Type 3 steels in the chemical composition sections of Specifications A 325 and F 436.F959072integrity of each lot followin
29、g delivery until the product isinstalled in its service application.10.2 Production Lot Method:10.2.1 All direct tension indicators shall be processed inaccordance with a lot identification controlquality assuranceplan. The manufacturer shall identify and maintain the integrityof each production lot
30、 of direct tension indicators from rawmaterial selection through all processing operations and treat-ments to final packing and shipment. Each lot shall be assignedits own lot-identification number, each lot shall be tested, andthe inspection test reports for each lot shall be retained.10.2.2 For pu
31、rposes of assigning an identification numberand from which test samples shall be selected, a production lotshall consist of all direct tension indicators processed essen-tially together through all operations to placing in the shippingcontainer that are of the same nominal size, produced from thesam
32、e mill heat of steel, and heat treated in the same heattreatment cycle.10.2.3 The minimum number of samples to be tested todetermine compression loads and coating thickness (whenapplicable) shall be in accordance with the requirementsspecified in Guide F 1470.10.3 Number of Tests After AlterationsIf
33、 direct tensionindicators are heat treated, coated, or otherwise altered by asubcontractor or manufacturer subsequent to testing, they shallbe tested in accordance with 10.2 prior to shipment to thepurchaser after all alterations have been completed.11. Specimen Preparation11.1 Indicators for tests
34、shall be tested full size “as re-ceived” without any special preparation.12. Test Methods12.1 Compression load tests shall be conducted in accor-dance with Test Methods F 606.13. Inspection13.1 If the inspection described in 13.2 is required by thepurchaser, it shall be specified in the inquiry and
35、contract ororder.13.2 The purchasers quality assurance representative shallhave free entry to all parts of the manufacturers works thatconcern the manufacture of the direct tension indicatorsordered. The manufacturer shall afford the quality assurancerepresentative all reasonable facilities to satis
36、fy him that thedirect tension indicators are being furnished in accordance withthis specification. All tests and inspections required by thisspecification that are requested by the purchasers representa-tive shall be made before shipment and shall be conducted soas not to interfere unnecessarily wit
37、h the operation of the plant.14. Rejection14.1 Direct tension indicators that fail to conform to therequirements of this specification shall be rejected. Rejectionshould be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and inwriting. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, theproduc
38、er or supplier may make claim for a rehearing.15. Certification15.1 When specified on the order, the manufacturer shallfurnish a test report as described in 15.2 or a certificate ofcompliance as described in 15.3, whichever is required.15.2 When test reports are required, the manufacturers shallfurn
39、ish a test report for each production lot from which directtension indicators are supplied to fill a shipment. The reportshall show the heat number (to ensure that the chemicalcomposition is on record and could be furnished upon request),compression test loads, measured thickness of protective coat-
40、ings, gap, nominal size, production lot identification number,ASTM designation, type and issue date, and purchase ordernumber.15.3 When certificates of compliance are required, themanufacturer shall furnish a certificate certifying that theindicators have been manufactured and tested and conform tot
41、he requirements of this specification. The certificate shallshow the production lot identification number, nominal size,ASTM designation, type and issue date, and purchase ordernumber.16. Responsibility16.1 The party responsible for the direct tension indicatorshall be the organization that supplies
42、 the direct tensionindicator to the purchaser.17. Product Marking17.1 Each direct tension indicator shall be marked to iden-tify the lot number, manufacturer or private label distribution,as appropriate, and type (see 1.2).17.2 All markings shall be depressed on the same face of thedirect tension in
43、dicators as the protrusions. Raised markingsare prohibited.18. Packaging and Package Marking18.1 Packaging:TABLE 2 Direct Tension Indicator Gap for Compression LoadTestingDirect Tension Indicator FinishGap, in.SpecificationA 325SpecificationA 490Plain finish 0.015 0.015Mechanically galvanized 0.015
44、. . .Baked epoxy coating onmechanically deposited zinc 0.015 . . .TABLE 3 Acceptable Range of Compression LoadsDirect Tension Indicator Size(bolt diameter, (in.)Compression Load Range in Thousandsof Pounds, (kips)Types 325 and325-3Types 490 and490-312 1214 151858 1923 242934 2834 354278 3947 49591 5
45、161 6477118 5667 8096114 7185 102122138 85102 121145112 103124 148178F95907318.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, packaging shall be inaccordance with Practice D 3951.18.1.2 Packaging shall be performed as soon as is practicalfollowing final testing.18.1.3 When special packaging requirements are requir
46、ed,they shall be defined at the time of the inquiry and order.18.2 Package Marking:18.2.1 Each shipping unit shall include or be marked plainlywith the following information:18.2.1.1 ASTM designation and type,18.2.1.2 Size,18.2.1.3 Name and brand or trademark of the manufactureror private label dist
47、ributor,18.2.1.4 Number of pieces,18.2.1.5 Purchase order number,18.2.1.6 Name of product,18.2.1.7 Lot identification number,18.2.1.8 Finish, and18.2.1.9 Country of origin.19. Storage19.1 The direct tension indicators shall be stored in anenvironment that preserves the surface condition supplied byt
48、he manufacturer.20. Keywords20.1 compressible-washer-type; direct tension indicators;DTI; indicatorsAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. FIELD TESTING OF DIRECT TENSION INDICATORS FOR BOLT TENSIONDTIs may be field tested in a bolt tension calibrator withbolts, nuts, and flat washers, according to t
49、he provisions of theResearch Council of Structural Connections Specification forStructural Joints UsingA 325 orA 490 Bolts to determine a jobinspection gap. The job inspection gap shall be a gap less thanthe measured DTI test gap at 1.053 the minimum required bolttension.Because bolt tension calibrators are “soft” devices, unlikehard steel connections, care should be taken to tension the boltswith a non-impacting wrench so the tension readings can berecorded exactly.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee F16 has identified the location o
