1、Designation: F977 11bStandard Consumer Safety Specification forInfant Walkers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe
2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses walker incidents that were identified by the U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).Based on data col
3、lected by the CPSC, the majority of incidents involved children falling down stairsor steps in walkers. Other incidents involved children tipping over in walkers or accessing hot surfacesor liquids. The injuries associated with these incidents ranged from cuts and bruises to burns, skullfractures, a
4、nd deaths. Most of the children injured were under 15 months old.In response to the incident data provided by the CPSC, this consumer safety specification attemptsto minimize the risk of injury or death associated with children in walkers falling down stairs orbetween levels, or tipping over. It als
5、o contains provisions to address the risk of injury associated withwalker seating systems and folding mechanisms.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers performancerequirements, test methods, and marking requirements topromote safe use of the infant walker (see 3.1).1.2 This consumer s
6、afety specification is intended to mini-mize accidents to children resulting from normal use andreasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of walkers.1.3 No walker produced after the approval date of thisconsumer safety specification shall, either by label or othermeans, indicate compliance with this sp
7、ecification unless itconforms to all requirements contained herein.1.4 This consumer safety specification is not intended toaddress accidents and injuries resulting from the interaction ofother persons with the child in the walker or the accidentsresulting from abuse and misuse by children able to w
8、alk.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety speci-fication: This standard does not purport
9、 to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359
10、Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations In-cluding Sections:1500.48 Te
11、chnical Requirements for Determining a SharpPoint in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a SharpMetal or Glass Edge in Toys or OtherArticles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age1500.50.52 Test Metho
12、ds for Simulating Use andAbuse ofToys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Yearsof Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts1This consumer safety speci
13、fication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.17 on Carriages, Strollers, Walkers and Stationary Activity Centers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previ
14、ous edition approved in 2011 as F977 11a. DOI:10.1520/F0977-11B.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websi
15、te.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, N. Capital and H Streets, NW,Washington, DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 conspicuous,
16、 adja label that is visible, when the unitis in a manufacturers recommended use position, to a personstanding near the unit at any one position around the unit butnot necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.2 dynamic load, napplication of impulsive forcethrough free fall of a weight.3.1.3 manufac
17、turers recommended use position, nanyposition that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product by the manufacturer inany descriptive or instructional literature. This specificallyexcludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a likemanner in its lite
18、rature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.4 non-paper label, nany label material (such as plasticor metal) which either will not tear without the aid of tools ortears leaving a sharply defined edge.3.1.5 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product thatis set up in one of the manufa
19、cturers recommended usepositions.3.1.6 paper label, nany label material which tears withoutthe aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.7 static load, na vertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.3.1.8 walker, na mobile unit that enables a child to moveon a ho
20、rizontal surface when propelled by the child sitting orstanding within the walker, and that is in the manufacturersrecommended use position. Examples of different style walkerscan be seen in Fig. 1.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatmay be co
21、vered with18 in. (3 mm) thick vinyl floor cover,unless test instructs differently.4.2 The walker shall be completely assembled, unless oth-erwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instruc-tions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested sha
22、ll be in a room with ambienttemperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 h prior totesting. Testing then shall be conducted within this temperaturerange.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit.4.6 The following guidelines shall apply to force gaugesused
23、 for testing:4.6.1 EquipmentForce gauge with a range of 0 to 25 lbf(111 N) and a tolerance of 60.25 lbf (1.1 N). A calibrationinterval shall be maintained for the force gauge which willensure that the accuracy does not drift beyond the statedtolerance.4.6.2 EquipmentForce gauge with a range 0 to 100
24、 lbf(445 N) and a tolerance of 61 lbf (4.4 N).Acalibration intervalFIG. 1 Illustrations of Five Types of Baby WalkersF977 11b2shall be maintained for the force gauge which will ensure thatthe accuracy does not drift beyond the stated tolerance.5. General Requirements5.1 The walker shall conform to t
25、he regulations specified inSection 2 of this specification before and after all testing.5.2 Prior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smoothand free from splinters.5.3 Latching or Locking MechanismsAny unit that foldsshall have a latching or locking device or other provision in thedesign tha
26、t will prevent the unit from unintentionally foldingwhen properly placed in the manufacturers recommended useposition. The unit shall remain in its manufacturers recom-mended use position during and upon completion of the test, inaccordance with 7.2. If a unit is designed with a latching orlocking d
27、evice, that device shall remain engaged and operativeafter testing.5.4 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm)thick and admit a 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) diameter rod. Holes or
28、slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm), but arelimited in depth to 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 2). The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended u
29、se positions.5.5 Scissoring, Shearing, PinchingA product, when in amanufacturers recommended use position, shall be designedand constructed so as to prevent injury to the occupant fromany scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or com-ponents rotate about a common axis or fastening point, sli
30、de,pivot, fold or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissor-ing, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury shall not bepermissible when the edges of any rigid parts admit a probegreater than 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and less than 0.375 in. (9.53mm) diameter at any accessible point throughout the
31、range ofmotion of such parts.FIG. 2 Opening ExamplesF977 11b35.6 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring whichis accessible to the occupant, having or capable of generatinga space between coils of 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) or greater duringstatic load testing in accordance with 7.1.2 shall be covered
32、orotherwise designed to prevent injury from entrapment.5.7 Labeling:5.7.1 Warning labels, whether paper or non-paper, shall bepermanent when tested per 7.4.1-7.4.3.5.7.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburning, etc. sha
33、ll be permanent when tested per 7.4.4.5.7.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 7.4.5.5.8 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp compo-nents between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth (such as caps,sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, p
34、oints,or entrapment of fingers or toes), or if there is at least 0.040 in.(1.00 mm) gap between the component and its adjacent parentcomponent, such component shall not be removed when testedin accordance with 7.5.5.9 ToysToy accessories attached to, removable from, orsold with an infant walker, as
35、well as their means of attach-ment, must meet applicable requirements of Consumer SafetySpecification F963.6. Performance RequirementsNOTE 1The forces that are to be applied to the sample in the testsdescribed in Section 7 of this specification are readily applied by means ofa calibrated force gauge
36、, or in the case of static load and dynamic loadtests, by fixed masses.6.1 Stability:6.1.1 Tipping Resistance Against an Immovable ObjectAminimum stability index of 18 shall be required to tip over awalker either forwards or backwards when tested in accordancewith 7.3.6.1.2 Occupant Leaning Over Edg
37、eA walker shall remainupright (not tip over) when forces are applied forward, andsideward, in accordance with 7.3.4.6.2 Structural IntegrityAll tests that cover static anddynamic loading, and support of the occupant, are to beperformed on the same product, sequentially and withoutrefurbishing or rep
38、ositioning of adjustment, if any. At testconclusion, there shall be no failure of seams, breakage ofmaterials, or changes in adjustments that could cause the unitnot to fully support the child or create a hazardous condition asdefined in Section 5. Maximum slippage of adjustable features,if any, is
39、1 in. (25 mm).6.2.1 Dynamic LoadThe occupant support member (seat)shall support a dynamic load when tested in accordance with7.1.1.6.2.2 Static LoadThe walker shall not create a hazardouscondition as defined in 5.4 when tested in accordance with7.1.2.6.2.3 Leg OpeningsThe seat of the walker shall be
40、 de-signed so that the leg openings will not permit passage of thetest probe (see Fig. 3) when tested in accordance with 7.1.3.6.3 Prevention of Falls Down Step(s) The walker shallmaintain contact with and be supported only by the testplatform at the conclusion of the tests in 7.6.6.4 Parking Device
41、 (applicable to walkers equipped withparking brakes)The walker shall have a maximum displace-ment of 1.97 in. (50 mm) for each test in each direction(forward, rearward, and sideward) when tested in accordancewith 7.7.7. Test MethodsNOTE 2Except for the structural integrity tests (see 7.1), that shal
42、l beperformed first, the tests can be performed in any sequence.7.1 Structural Integrity (see 6.2):NOTE 3All wood blocks are fabricated from 1 in. nominal thicknesslumber having a finish thickness of34 in. (19 mm) unless otherwise stated.7.1.1 Dynamic Load (see 6.2.1):7.1.1.1 Position the walker in
43、the manufacturers recom-mended use position with all wheels on the floor. If adjustable,adjust to the highest and most upright position.7.1.1.2 Affix to the walker seata6by6in.(150 by 150 mm)wood block. If the unit has a hammock type seat, use a standard6 in. weld cap, as identified in Fig. 4.Attach
44、 the weld cap to thebottom of the test weight with the convex surface down.7.1.1.3 Drop a test weight of 33 lb (15.0 kg), with theweight of the weld cap included, onto the seat at least adistance of 1 in. (25 mm) 100 times at a rate of 4 6 1 s percycle.7.1.1.4 When testing a spring supported adjusta
45、ble bouncerwalker, test with the unit in the highest adjustment position andsupport the frame so that the dropping of the 33 lb (15.0 kg)weight does not cause the frame to bottom out artificially.7.1.2 Static Load (see 6.2.2):7.1.2.1 Position the walker as in 7.1.1.1.7.1.2.2 Center a weight of 90 lb
46、 (40.8 kg) for a period of 1minona6by6in.(150 by 150 mm) wood block affixed to thewalker seat. If the unit has a hammock type seat, use a standard6 in. (150 mm) weld cap, convex surface down, as identified inFig. 4 instead of the specified wood block. Include the weightof the weld cap in the 90 lb (
47、40.8 kg) weight. If the naturalaction of a bouncer type walker will not allow the fullapplication of 90 lb (40.8 kg) static load, then restrict thebouncer mechanism by any means possible so that the fullstatic load can be applied to the seat or section of the walkeroccupied by the child.7.1.2.3 Posi
48、tion the walker in the manufacturers recom-mended use position with all wheels on the floor. If adjustable,adjust to the lowest use position.7.1.2.4 Center a weight of 50 lb (22.7 kg) for a period of 1minute ona6by6in.(150 by 150 mm) wood block affixed tothe walker seat. If the unit has a hammock ty
49、pe seat, use astandard 6 in. (150 mm) weld cap convex surface face down,as identified in Fig. 4 instead of the specified wood block.Include the weight of the weld cap in the 50 lb (22.7 kg)weight. In this test DO NOT restrict the bouncer mechanismfrom folding or bottoming out. Observe visually the action ofall supporting, locking, and adjusting components to make surethat they do not create a hazardous condition as defined in 5.4.7.1.3 Leg Openings Test (see 6.2.3):7.1.3.1 If the seat is adjustable, adjust the seat to obtain thelargest le
