1、Designation:F208811 Designation: F2088 11aStandard Consumer Safety Specification forInfant Swings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses infant swing incidents identified by the U.S. ConsumerProduct Safety Commission (CPSC).
3、In response to incident data compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts tominimize the following: (1) swings tipping over or collapsing, (2) structural failures, and (3)entanglement in the restraints or entrapment in leg holes. This consumer safety specification isintended to
4、cover normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of infant swings. Thisspecification does not cover swings that are blatantly misused or used in a careless manner thatdisregards the safety instructions and warnings provided with each infant swing.This consumer safety specification is writ
5、ten within the current state-of-the-art of infant swingtechnology and will be updated whenever substantive information becomes available that necessitatesadditional requirements or justifies the revision of existing requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safety perfo
6、rmance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements tominimize the hazards to infants presented by swings as identified in the introduction.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to minimize the risk of injuries to infants resulting from normal use andreasonably foreseeable misu
7、se or abuse of infant swings. It is not intended to address all incidents and injuries resulting from theinteraction of other persons with the infant in the swing.1.3 No swing produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means,indicate compli
8、ance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standar
9、d.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish
10、 appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Standards:16 CFR Part 1303 Ban
11、of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint316 CFR Part 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations including sections:1500.48Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys or OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children UnderEight Years of Age31Thi
12、s consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.21on Infant Carriers, Bouncers and Baby Swings.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally approved in 2001. Last pre
13、vious edition approved in 20092011 as F208809.F2088 11. DOI:10.1520/F2088-11A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page o
14、n the ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been mad
15、e to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copy
16、right ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1500.49Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Useby Children Under Eight Years of Age31500.50-.51Test Method for Simulating
17、 Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children316 CFR Part 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of AgeWhich Present Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts32.3 Other Documents:CAMI Infant D
18、ummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1)4CAMI Newborn Dummy (see Fig. 2)53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 conspicuous, na label which is visible, when the unit is in a manufacturers recommended use position, to a personstanding near the unit at any one position around the inf
19、ant swing but not necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.2 cradle swing, nan infant swing which is intended for use by a child lying flat.3.1.3 dynamic load, napplication of impulsive force through free fall of a weight.3.1.4 infant swing, na stationary unit with a frame and powered mechanism th
20、at enables an infant to swing in a seatedposition. An infant swing is intended for use with infants from birth until a child is able to sit up unassisted.3.1.5 manufacturers recommended use position, nany position, that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of t
21、he product by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. This specifically excludespositions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.3.1.6 non-paper label, nany label material (such as plastic or metal) which
22、 either will not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply defined edge.3.1.7 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product that is set up in one of the manufacturers recommended use positions.3.1.8 paper label, nany label material which tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fib
23、rous edge.3.1.9 static load, na vertically downward force applied by a calibrated force gage or by dead weights.3.1.10 structural component, nany load bearing member or part of the product that supports the weight or portion of theweight of the occupant.3.1.11 travel swing, na low profile, compact s
24、wing having a distance of 6 in. or less between the underside of the seat bottomand the support surface (floor) at any point in the seats range of motion.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that may be covered with18 in. (3 mm) thick vinyl floor c
25、overing, unlesstest instructs differently.4Department of Transportation Memorandum Report AAC-119-74-14, Revision II, Drawing No. SA-1001 by Richard Chandler, July 2, 1974. Federal AviationAdministration, Civil Aeromedical Institute, Protection and Survival Laboratory, Aeromedical Center, Oklahoma C
26、ity, OK 73125.5Drawing numbers 126-0000 through 126-0015 (sheets 1 through 3), 126-0017 through 126-0027, a parts list entitled “Parts List for CAMI Newborn Dummy”, and aconstruction manual entitled, “Construction of the Newborn Infant Dummy” (July 1992). Copies of the materials may be inspected at
27、NHTSAs Docket Section, 400 SeventhStreet, SW., Room 5109, Washington, DC, or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington, DC.FIG. 1 CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark IIF2088 11a24.2 The product shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance
28、 with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with an ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 hour priorto testing. Testing then shall be conducted within this temperature range.4.5
29、All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Hazardous Sharp Edges or PointsThere shall be no hazardous sharp points or edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and16 CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to the consumer safety specification.5.2
30、Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of this testingto this specification.5.3 The paint and surface coating on the product shall comply to 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free
31、 from splinters.5.5 Scissoring, Shearing, PinchingA product, when in the manufacturers recommended use position, shall be designed andconstructed so as to prevent injury to the occupant from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or components rotateabout a common axis or fastening point
32、, slide, pivot, fold or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, orpinching that may cause injury could exist when the edges of any rigid parts admit a probe greater than 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) andless than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) diameter at any accessible point throughout the range o
33、f motion of such parts.5.6 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely though a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) thickand admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that are between0.210-in. (5.33-mm) a
34、nd 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm), but are limited in depthto 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 3). The product shall be evaluated in allmanufacturers recommended use positions.5.7 Exposed Coil SpringsAny
35、exposed coil spring which is accessible to the occupant, having or capable of generating a spacebetween coils of 0.210 in (5.33 mm) or greater during static load testing (see 7.2.2) shall be covered or otherwise designed toprevent injury from entrapment.5.8 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp
36、components between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, (such as caps, sleeves,or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes), or if there is at least a 0.040 in. (1.00 mm)gap between the component and its adjacent parent component, such component shall not b
37、e removed when tested in accordancewith 7.1.5.9 Labeling:5.9.1 Warning labels, (whether paper or non paper) shall be permanent when tested per 7.7.5.9.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surface of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, wood burning,etc. shall be permanent
38、when tested per 7.8.5.9.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts when tested in accordance with 7.9.5.10 ToysToy accessories attached to, removable from, or sold with an infant swing, as well as their means of attachment,must meet applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification F96
39、3.5.10.1 Toy mobiles that attach solely to an infant swing are not required to contain labeling as stated in Consumer SafetySpecification F963, Section 5.6.2 Safety Labeling Mobiles and 6.3 Instructional Literature Mobiles. , Section 5, Safety Labelingfor Mobiles, and Section 6, Instructional Litera
40、ture for Mobiles.5.10.2 Toy mobiles included with the swing that have toys within the reach of the occupant shall not detach rigid componentswhen tested in accordance with 7.11. Detachment of a soft toy only is not considered a failure.FIG. 2 CAMI Newborn DummyF2088 11a36. Performance Requirements6.
41、1 Structural IntegrityAll tests that cover static and dynamic loading are to be performed sequentially on the same productand in the sequence listed in the standard without refurbishing or repositioning of adjustment, if any.6.1.1 Dynamic LoadThe swing shall support a dynamic load and there shall be
42、 no failure of seams, breakage of materials,or changes of adjustments that could cause the product to not fully support the child or create a hazardous condition as definedin Section 5 after testing in accordance with 7.2.1.6.1.2 Static LoadThe swing shall support a static load and there shall be no
43、 failure of seams, breakage of materials, or changesof adjustments that could cause the product to not fully support the child or create a hazardous condition as defined in Section 5after testing in accordance with 7.2.2.6.2 Stability TestThe swing shall not tip over when tested according to 7.3.6.3
44、 Unintentional FoldingThe swing shall remain in the manufacturers recommended use position when tested per 7.4. Ifa unit is designed with a latching or locking device, that device shall remain engaged and operative after testing.6.3.1 Threaded fasteners used to attach structural components shall hav
45、e a locking mechanism such as lock washers,self-locking nuts or other means to prevent detachment due to vibration.6.4 Restraint SystemA restraint system shall be provided to secure a child in the seated positions in any of the manufacturersrecommended use positions.6.4.1 The restraint system shall
46、include both waist and crotch restraint designed such that the crotch restraints use is mandatorywhen the restraint system is in use.6.4.2This system and its closing means shall not slip more than 1 in. (25 mm), break, separate, or permit the removal of the testdummy when tested per6.4.2 Swings with
47、 a seat back angle greater than 50 measured in accordance with 7.12 shall include shoulder straps as part ofthe restraint system.FIG. 3 Opening ExamplesF2088 11a46.4.3 This system and its closing means shall not slip more than 1 in. (25 mm), break, separate, or permit the removal of thetest dummy wh
48、en tested per 7.5.6.4.3A6.4.4 A connecting means and adjustment means for the waist restraint shall be capable of usage independent of oneanother. The connecting means shall not be an adjustment means but may have one integrally attached to it.6.4.45 Before shipment, the restraint system must be att
49、ached to the swing in such a manner as to not become detached throughnormal use.6.4.5If6.4.6 If the swing seat has a tray or other component that creates a completely bounded opening in front of the occupant,a passive crotch restraint system shall be included and designed such that its use is mandatory when the tray or other componentis in use.6.5 Passive Crotch Restraint SystemFor products with a tray or other component that creates a completely bounded openingin front of the occupant.6.5.1 There shall be no vertical gap between th
