1、Designation: F2247 11 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forMetal Doors Used in Blast Resistant Applications(Equivalent Static Load Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2247; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the structural performance ofmetal doors and frames and their r
3、estraining hardware (such aslatches and hinges) used as a blast resistant barrier. Thismethod involves applying an equivalent static pressure basedon the characteristics of the specified blast pressure andstructural properties of the door panel design.1.2 The static tests are valid for the unit size
4、 tested or forsmaller units of analogous construction. Extrapolation of testresults for units larger than the test specimen are not permitted.1.3 This standard test method is not applicable to testswhere the forces are created by explosive charges, forced airfrom a shock tube apparatus, or any other
5、 method used togenerate a dynamic load.1.4 The proper use of this method requires knowledge of theprinciples of pressure, deflection, and when applicable, straingauge measurement.1.5 Using this method, specimens may be tested to deter-mine ultimate static capacity or tested to specific static testlo
6、ads.1.5.1 Procedure A shall be used when a load-deflectioncurve is not required and a single load is applied.1.5.2 Procedure B shall be used when a load-deflectioncurve is required and a single or multiple loads are applied.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The val
7、ues provided in parenthesis are for informa-tion only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
8、of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E330/E330M Test Method for Structural Performance ofExterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls byUniform Static Air Pressure Difference2.2 Other Standard:UFC 3-340-02 Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC), Struct
9、uresto Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 metal doora term used in reference to doors whichare built from steel sheets, internally stiffened with cold-formed shapes or structural steel shapes. Materials can becarbon or stainless steel. The materials may b
10、e joined togetherby any fabrication technique (that is, welding, bolting, struc-tural adhesive, etc.). The material voids may be filled withinsulation.3.1.2 permanent deformationthe permanent displacementfrom an original position that remains after an applied load hasbeen removed. Measured in millim
11、etres (mm) (inches (in.).3.1.3 reboundstress reversal in the material of the door.3.1.4 seating pressurean applied pressure that causes thedoor panel to seat against the frame that is expressed in pascals(Pa) (pounds-force per square foot (psf) or pounds-force persquare inch (psi).3.1.5 specifierind
12、ividual or party requesting that a metaldoor assembly meet specific blast resistance criteria.3.1.6 specimenthe entire assembly unit submitted for testas described in Section 6.3.1.7 steady state pressurea test pressure held for aminimum of 3 min.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
13、ommittee F12 on SecuritySystems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.10 onSystems Products and Services.Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published March 2017. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F2247 11. DOI:10.1520/F2247-11R17.
14、2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Institute of Building Sciences, 1090
15、 Vermont Avenue,NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20005, http:/www.wbdg.org/index.php.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on sta
16、ndardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.8 test directorthe individual identified as being re-sponsible to complete the spec
17、ified tests as required and todocument the results.3.1.9 test loadthe specified static pressure differential(positive or negative) for which the specimen is to be tested,expressed in pascals (Pa) (pounds-force per square foot (psf) orpounds-force per square inch (psi).3.1.10 ultimate loadthe pressur
18、e (positive or negative) atwhich failure of the specimen occurs expressed in Pa (psf orpsi).3.1.11 unseating pressurean applied pressure that tendsthe door panel to unseat from the frame so that the doorreactions must be resisted by the restraining hardware, that isexpressed in pascals (Pa) (pounds-
19、force per square foot (psf) orpounds-force per square inch (psi).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimeninto or against one face of a test chamber, supplying air to thechamber at a ratio required to maintain the test pressuredifference across the specimen,
20、 and observing, measuring, andrecording the deflection, deformations, stresses (if recorded),and nature of any failures of principal or critical members orthe entire specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 Blast resistant doors are designed to protect against theproblems and dangers created by a planned
21、 or accidentalexplosion or pressure leak. This test method will providereasonable assurance to the specifier of the reliability of adoors structure, the restraining hardware, the frame, and theframe anchors when used in a blast resistant application.6. Specimen Preparation6.1 ConstructionThe door pa
22、nel shall meet the generaldefinition of a metal door as outlined in 3.1.1. The test methodis general and does not limit the door manufacturer to a specificdoor panel construction or fabrication process. Ultimately, thedesign of the door panel is based upon the target pressure ratingestablished by th
23、e specifier or door manufacturer.6.1.1 The size of the specimen (door panel and frame) shallbe representative or larger than the application under investi-gation.6.1.2 Configuration and spacing of the door panels internalstiffeners will be as designed by the specifier or the doormanufacturer. Space
24、between stiffeners may be filled withinsulation.6.1.3 The typical door panel shall be considered as a threeside supported, one edge free loading condition for a seatingload case. Generally, the bottom edge of the door panel is free(no structural threshold). If the door assembly does have astructural
25、 threshold, the door panel may be considered as a fourside supported condition for a seating load case. The door panelis supported by the restraining hardware during the unseatingload case. The door panel will be attached to the frame with thesame quantity and size of hinge fasteners that the specif
26、ier orthe door manufacturer intends to use in the actual doorinstallation. The door frame will be attached to the test fixtureusing the same quantity, size, and spacing of fasteners oranchors that the specifier or door manufacturer intends to usein the actual door installation.7. Apparatus7.1 Equipm
27、ent capable of performing the test proceduredescribed in this standard within the allowable tolerances isacceptable. Figs. 1-4 are examples of apparatus layout.7.2 Major Components:7.2.1 Test ChamberA chamber or box with an openingand a removable mounting panel, into which the specimen isinstalled.A
28、t least one pressure tap shall be provided to measurethe chamber pressure and shall be so located that the reading isunaffected by the velocity of the fluid supply to or from thechamber or any other fluid movement. A means of access ispermitted to be provided to facilitate adjustments and obser-vati
29、ons after the specimen is installed. The test chamber mustnot deflect under the test load in such a manner that theperformance of the specimen will be affected.7.2.2 Air SystemA controllable blower or a compressedair supply, designed to provide the required air-pressuredifference across the specimen
30、. The system shall provide aconstant air pressure difference for the duration of the test.7.2.3 Combined Air/Water SystemA combined air andwater (fluid) system (See Fig. 1).7.2.4 Pressure-Measuring ApparatusA device to measurethe test pressure difference with accuracy of 62 % of thereading over the
31、full range of test pressures.7.2.5 Deflection-Measuring SystemA means of measuringdeflections with an accuracy of 60.25 mm (60.01 in.).7.2.5.1 For Procedure A (see 10.2), any locations at whichdeflections are to be measured shall be stated by the Specifieror the Test Director. See Figs. 2 and 3 for
32、suggested locations.7.2.5.2 For Procedure B (see 10.3), any locations at whichdeflections are to be measured shall be stated by the Specifieror the Test Director. See Figs. 2 and 3 for suggested locations.7.2.5.3 Deflection measurements shall be independent ofmovements of, or movements within, the s
33、pecimen or membersupports.7.2.6 If desired, strain gauges to measure strain shall bemounted on the side of the door panel in tension. Strain gaugesare attached to the tension side of the door panel. They are tobe mounted in accordance with the strain gauge manufacturersinstructions.7.2.6.1 The locat
34、ion of the gauges are to be determined bythe specifier or the door manufacturer and they shall be placedwhere the greatest changes in strain are anticipated, typically atthe points of greatest flexure. See Figs. 2 and 3 for suggestedlocations.8. Hazards8.1 Proper care must be taken for the possibili
35、ty of a failure.The system used in this test method contains considerablestored energy and constitutes a hazard. The testing apparatusshall be equipped with a method to restrain the specimen in theevent of failure. The restraint method shall not interfere withthe test nor the results of the test.F22
36、47 11 (2017)29. Calibration9.1 Pressure Gage, deflection-measuring devices, and straingauges shall be calibrated prior to testing to make certain thedevices are within specifications and requirements (see 7.2.4and 7.2.5). Calibration of test equipment shall be in accordancewith the manufacturers rec
37、ommendations and to a nationalrecognized standard.10. Required Information10.1 The following information shall be supplied by thespecifier:10.2 Procedure ASingle Loading with no DeflectionCurve:10.2.1 Performance criteria and the number and gage loca-tion.10.2.2 The blast duration defined as the tim
38、e intervalbetween time of arrival of the blast wave at a given locationand the time for the magnitude of the pressure to return toambient pressure. See Annex A1 for example of converting adynamic pressure into an equivalent static load.10.2.3 The permitted damage level category in accordancewith Sec
39、tion 11.10.2.4 The number and location of deflection and, ifapplicable, strain gages.10.3 Procedure BSingle or Multiple Loading with Deflec-tion Curve:10.3.1 Same as 10.2.1 10.2.4, additionally:10.3.2 The number of load cycles at which deflection andstress-strain measurements are required.10.3.3 The
40、 number and location of required deflection andstrain gages (if desired).11. Acceptance Criteria11.1 Acceptance of the door is based on the end use of thedoor. The door is classified into one of four damage levelcategories. The criterion and acceptance for each category is:FIG. 1 Schematic of Test A
41、rrangementF2247 11 (2017)311.1.1 Category IThe specimen is unchanged (no perma-nent deformation) after the loading incident and the door isfully operable. The specimen remains intact and respondselastically.11.1.1.1 Acceptance:(1) After the specimen has been unloaded, verify that thedeflection gages
42、 have returned to zero reading with a toleranceof +2 mm (564 in.).(2) Verify that the door is operable by unlatching the doorand swinging the panel.FIG. 2 Test Fixture ElevationUnseating Load CaseF2247 11 (2017)4(3) If strain gages are used, check that the recorded stressesare within acceptable limi
43、ts of door material.(4) Verify that the door can be latched.(5) Verify that the external portions of the latch and hingeshave not suffered any permanent set.FIG. 3 Test Fixture ElevationSeating Load CaseF2247 11 (2017)511.1.2 Category IIThe door is operable but measurable;permanent deformation to th
44、e door panel exceeding the toler-ance listed in 11.1.1.1 has been experienced. The specimenremains as an integral system.11.1.2.1 Acceptance:(1) After the specimen has been unloaded, verify that themeasurable deformation is acceptable to the end use of thedoor.(2) Verify that the specimen remains an
45、 integral system.(3) If strain gages are used, check that the recorded stressesare within acceptable limits of door material.(4) Verify that the door is operable by unlatching the doorand swinging the panel.11.1.3 Category IIINon-catastrophic failure. No structuralfailure occurs to the specimen that
46、 prevents the specimen fromproviding a barrier to blast wave propagation. However, thespecimen is permanently deformed and the door panel isinoperable.11.1.3.1 Acceptance:(1) After the specimen has been unloaded, verify that themeasurable deformation is acceptable to the end use of thedoor.(2) Verif
47、y that the specimen remains an integral system.11.1.4 Category IVThe door panel is severely deformed.For a seating load test, the deformation of the door panel mustbe limited to a level that does not cause the door panel to beforced through the door frame opening. For an unseating loadtest, the latc
48、hing mechanism is permitted to fail, allowing thedoor to swing open; however, the door panel shall remainFIG. 4 Horizontal SectionUnseating Load CaseF2247 11 (2017)6supported by the hinges and it is evident that the door panelwill not become a flying debris hazard.11.1.4.1 Acceptance:(1) After the s
49、pecimen has been unloaded, verify that themeasurable deformation is acceptable to the end use of thedoor.(2) Verify that the specimen remains an integral system andthere has been no flying debris hazards.11.2 The frame anchorage connections shall not fail in shearor tension. Limited permanent deformation in the anchors ispermitted for Categories II, III, and IV.11.2.1 In applying the results of tests by this method,consideration must be given that performance of the doorassembly, of the wall or its components, or both, may be afunction o
