1、Designation: F 2388 08Standard Consumer Safety Specification forBaby Changing Tables for Domestic Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2388; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents associated with baby changing tablesidentified by the U.S. Consumer Prod
3、uct Safety Commission (CPSC). Incidents involved collapse,falls from the table, and entrapment in structural members.In response to incident data collected by CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts tominimize the risk of injury and death due to: (1) falls from changing tables, (2) failure
4、 of structuralor mechanical components, (3) instability and entrapment in openings in the table structure. Thisspecification also contains requirements for warnings and instructional materials directed to parents orcaregivers.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers performancerequireme
5、nts, test methods, and labeling requirements to pro-mote the safe use of baby changing tables and other changingsurfaces such as contoured changing pads and add-on changingunits that are sold separately for use on furniture products otherthan changing tables.1.2 This specification covers products so
6、ld for domestic usefor children up to a weight of 30 lb (13.6 kg).1.3 Changing tables and other changing products sold sepa-rately, such as contoured changing pads and add-on changingunits shall meet all applicable performance and labelingrequirements.1.4 No changing table, contoured changing pad, o
7、r add-onchanging unit produced after the approval date of this specifi-cation shall, either by label or other means, indicate compli-ance with this specification unless it conforms to all applicablerequirements contained herein, before, and after all testing.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units
8、 are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion in Section 7 of this specification. Thisstandar
9、d does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory require-ments prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
10、Standards:2D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF 406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play YardsF 963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Co
11、ntaining Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations in-cluding sections:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Gl
12、ass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.50-.52 Test Methods for Simulating Use andAbuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three
13、Years1This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.18 on Cribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changing Tables.Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published June 2008.
14、Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F 2388 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
15、onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Washing-ton, D.C. 20207, website: www.cpsc.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.of Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration or IngestionHa
16、zards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 add-on changing unit, na rigid addition to or sepa-rate product used in conjunction with an item of furniture thatprovides a changing surface and barriers to prevent the infantfrom rolling off the prod
17、uct when a diaper is being changed.3.1.2 barrier, nany material or surface of the contouredchanging pad, add-on changing unit, or changing table in-tended to prevent a child from rolling or falling off thechanging surface.3.1.3 changing pad, na flat or contoured pad specificallydesigned for the purp
18、ose of changing the diaper of a child witha body weight of up to 30 lb (13.6 kg) on an elevated surface.The child is placed on the pad during the process of changing.3.1.4 changing surface, nthe surface that is in directcontact with the child when the changing table, contouredchanging pad, or add-on
19、 changing unit is in the manufacturersrecommended use position.3.1.5 changing table, nan elevated, freestanding structuregenerally designed to support and retain a child with a bodyweight of up to 30 lb (13.6 kg) in a horizontal position for thepurpose of allowing a caregiver to change the childs di
20、aper.Changing tables may convert from or to other items offurniture, such as, but not limited to, a dresser, desk, hutch,bookshelf, or play yard, may have pull-out or drop-downchanging surfaces, and may provide storage for diapers anddiaper products.3.1.6 conspicuous, adjlabel that, when the changin
21、g table,changing pad, or add-on changing unit is in a manufacturersrecommended use position, is visible to a person standing infront of the table in a position normally associated with the taskof changing a childs diaper.3.1.7 contoured changing pad, na changing pad designedfor use on an elevated su
22、rface which incorporates barriers toprevent a child from rolling off the changing surface.3.1.8 manufacturers recommended use position(s), nanyposition that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product as a diaper changer bythe manufacturer in any descri
23、ptive or instructional literature.This specifically excludes positions that the manufacturershows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable,unsafe, or not recommended.3.1.9 non-paper label, nany label (material such as plasticor metal) which either will not tear without the aid of tools,
24、 ortears leaving a sharp defined edge.3.1.10 paper label, nany label material that tears withoutthe aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor, whichmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless
25、 test instructs differently.4.2 Unless otherwise noted, the product shall be completelyassembled in accordance with the manufacturers instructions,including any pad supplied by the manufacturer or pad themanufacturer requires, for product to be used as a changingtable.4.3 No testing shall be conduct
26、ed within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be placed in a room withambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 hprior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within thistemperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on th
27、e same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Sharp Points and EdgesThere shall be no hazardoussharp points or sharp edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and16 CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to this specification.5.2 Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as defined by16 CFR 1501 before testing or li
28、berated as a result of testing tothis specification.5.3 Surface CoatingsThe paint or surface coating on theproduct shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood partsshall be smooth and free from splinters.5.5 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through awall
29、 section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but are
30、limited in depth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 1). The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers use positions.5.6 Changing tables or add-on changing units intended to beattached to a non-full-size crib/play yard shall conform to therequir
31、ements of this specification and Consumer Safety Speci-fication F 406 when attached in the manufacturers recom-mended use position.5.7 ToysToy accessories attached to, removable from, orsold with a changing table, contoured changing pad, or anadd-on changing unit, as well as their means of attachmen
32、t,must meet applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Speci-fication F 963.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp protectivecomponents between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, suchas caps, sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges,points, or entrapm
33、ent of fingers or toes, or if there is at least a0.040-in. (1.00-mm) gap between the protective componentand its adjacent parent component, such protective componentshall not be removed when tested in accordance with 7.1.6.2 Structural IntegrityWhen tested in accordance with7.2, there shall be no br
34、eakage of the unit, nor shall it fail toconform with any other requirements in this specificationbefore and after all testing.NOTE 1Contoured changing pads and add-on changing units that aresold separately are exempt from this requirement.F 2388 0826.3 StabilityWhen tested in accordance with 7.3, th
35、e unitshall not tip over.NOTE 2Contoured changing pads and add-on changing units that aresold separately are exempt from this requirement.6.4 Barriers:6.4.1 Each changing table, contoured changing pad, oradd-on changing unit shall include barriers as an integral partof the product.6.4.2 For changing
36、 tables with a flat changing surface,barriers shall be provided on all sides of the changing surface.6.4.3 Changing tables and add-on changing units with acontoured changing pad and contoured changing pads soldseparately shall have barriers on the two opposing long sides.6.4.4 When tested in accorda
37、nce with 7.4, barriers shallprevent the test cylinder from falling from the changing surfaceand shall not break or fail to conform with the requirements ofSection 5.6.4.5 Retention of Contoured Changing Pads and Add-onChanging UnitsThis requirement applies to contouredchanging pads and other add-on
38、changing units sold with orindependent of a changing table.NOTE 3Non-full-size cribs/play yards are exempt from this require-ment, as they must comply with the retention and opening/entrapmentrequirements specified in Consumer Safety Specification F 406, “Entrap-ment in Attachments” Section.6.4.6 Wh
39、en tested in accordance with 7.4, a contouredchanging pad or add-on changing unit shall not shift or slidemore than 1 in. (25 mm) in any direction from its originalposition.6.5 Entrapment in Enclosed OpeningsWhen tested inaccordance with 7.5, there shall be no completely boundedopenings (openings su
40、rrounded by a boundary on all sides)anywhere in the structure of a changing table that permit theFIG. 1 Opening ExamplesF 2388 083free passage of the torso probe shown in Fig. 5 unless they alsopermit the free passage of the 9.0-in. (229-mm) diameter probeshown in Fig. 6.6.6 Entrapment by ShelvesWhe
41、n tested in accordancewith the procedure in 7.6, any shelf above 4.3 in. (109 mm)from the floor that, because its movement may expose anopening that could entrap a childs head, shall not permit theentire passage of the small head probe shown in Fig. 7 throughthe exposed opening. Excluded from this r
42、equirement arepullout drawers and shelves enclosed within a cabinet equippedwith a door(s).7. Test Methods7.1 Removal of Protective ComponentsProtective compo-nents shall be tested in accordance with each of the followingmethods in the sequence listed.7.1.1 Torque Test:7.1.1.1 Gradually apply a torq
43、ue of 3 lbf-in. (0.3 N-m)within a period of5sinaclockwise direction until either thecomponent rotates 180 from the original position or a torqueof 3 lbf-in (0.3 N-m) is attained. The torque or maximumrotation shall be maintained for an additional 10 s. The torqueshall then be removed and the protect
44、ive component permittedto return to a relaxed condition. This procedure shall then berepeated in a counterclockwise direction.7.1.2 Tension Test:7.1.2.1 Attach a force gage to the cap, sleeve or plug bymeans of any suitable device. For protective components thatcannot reasonably be expected to be gr
45、asped between thumband forefinger or teeth on their outer diameter but have a gapof at least 0.040 in. (1.00 mm) between the rear surface of theprotective component and the structural member of the chang-ing table to which they are attached, a clamp such as the oneshown in Fig. 2 may be a suitable d
46、evice.7.1.2.2 Assure that the attachment device does not compressor expand the protective component so that it hinders anypossible removal.7.1.2.3 Gradually apply a 15-lbf (67-N) force in the direc-tion that would normally be associated with the removal of theprotective component over a 5-s period a
47、nd hold for anadditional 10 s.7.2 Structural IntegrityAssemble the unit in accordancewith the manufacturers assembly instructions. Place the uniton the test floor, centera6by6in.(150 by 150 mm) woodblock on the changing surface and gradually apply a 100 lb(45.4 kg) weight onto the wood block within
48、a period of 5 s.Maintain the weight for an additional period of 60 s.7.3 StabilityRemove the changing pad if it is detachable.Gradually apply a 45-lbf (200-N) vertically downward force tothe edge of the changing surface that is deemed most likely tocause tipping. The force shall be applied to the ce
49、nter of a loaddistribution block (see Fig. 3) fabricated from a rigid material34-in. (19-mm) wide by34-in. (19-mm) thick by 3-in. (80-mm)long. The force shall be applied with the 3-in. (80-mm)dimension of the block aligned with the edge of the changingsurface (see Fig. 3). The force shall be applied gradually withina period of 5 s and maintained for an additional 10 s.7.4 Barrier Structural Integrity and Retention Tests:7.4.1 Test Equipment:7.4.1.1 Rigid cylinder with a diameter of 8 in. (200 mm), alength of 12 in. (300 mm), and a mass o
