1、Designation: F2498 05 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forDetermining the Drying Time of Inkjet Media and Inks Usinga Smudge Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2498; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes a procedure for assessing thedrying time of black and white or color ima
3、ges produced byinkjet printers by smudging yellow, magenta cyan, red, green,blue, and black printed color bars.1.2 This practice can be used to test different media with agiven set of inks or it can be used to evaluate different inks witha given media.1.3 This method is applicable to printed images,
4、 where theimage may be contacted after printing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of reg
5、ulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definition:2.1.1 ink jet mediarefer to recording elements used by inkjet printers to receive inks. The substrate may be paper, plastic,canvas, fabric, or other ink receptive material. The substratemay, or may not, be coated with an ink receptive lay
6、er(s).3. Significance and Use3.1 In addition to providing acceptable image quality, ink jetmedia have to dry in a reasonable time period so that the imageis not perturbed by handling after imaging.3.2 Good drying time is a prime consideration for inkjetinks and media. An inkjet print which does not
7、dry in areasonable time period has limited usefulness. This practice isused to obtain comparative data of drying times for inkjet inksand media.4. Interferences4.1 Since the drying time of inkjet inks and media isdependent on temperature and humidity, it is important that themeasurements be made und
8、er the conditions appropriate to theend use applications. While printed media may be handled anddisplayed under a variety of conditions, this test practice isintended to determine drying time in indoor environments.4.2 The drying time is dependent on temperature andhumidity, and should be measured w
9、ithin the temperatures andhumidities specified by the printer or media manufacturer.4.3 The drying time is dependent on the printing mode, thetype of color and the amount of applied inks.4.4 This procedure is only applicable for determining drytime, when the drying time exceeds the actual print time
10、.5. Materials5.1 Printer, media, stopwatch, PVC pre-powdered dispos-able gloves, test target, calculator.6. Test Samples and Target6.1 The method of printing, inks, inks laydown, and han-dling of printed samples shall be consistent with the anticipatedend use.6.2 The test image may be generated with
11、 personal com-puter word processing, drawing/graphics, or page layout soft-ware, saved as a print file for each printer/method of printing(contributing its unique inks and inks/receiver interactions thatmay impact drying time), trial-printed, and evaluated forappropriate ink letdown (purity and amou
12、nt) and ease ofprinting and testing. Each print file should have its filename,type, and version identified in the image area and a place forexperimental notes (for example, time, printer, environmentalconditions, operator). The printer settings and a trial print ofeach print file version should be a
13、rchived.6.3 The test image should be constructed such that the barsconsist of three primary colors (yellow, magenta, cyan), threesecondary colors (red, green, blue), composite black (CMY)and pure black). They are38 in. wide by 9116 in. long, and thetick marks are spaced1516 in. apart. The sixth “X”
14、tick markwill be at the lead edge of the print (first portion of image toexit the printer).NOTE 1Depending on the printer, it may not be possible to print bothpure black and composite black bars.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the dir
15、ect responsibility of Subcommittee F05.07 on Ink JetImaging Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published March 2012. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F249805. DOI:10.1520/F2498-05R11.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
16、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Conditioning7.1 It is recommended that samples be conditioned in theroom where the test will be run for at least 24 h prior toprinting. Samples should be placed individually so that maxi-mum surface area of the media is exposed to the environmentbei
17、ng tested. The conditioned samples should be visuallyinspected prior to printing for surface irregularities, whichcould adversely affect the measurements.8. Smudge Procedure8.1 Place PVC gloves on each hand.8.2 Make 1 print of the test image using the specified printerand media at the predetermined
18、room conditions.8.3 As soon as the printer begins printing the color bars,begin timing using a stopwatch. End timing when the printingof the color bars is complete. This time is the total print time.8.4 As soon as the print is released from the printer, start thestopwatch and place the printed image
19、 on a flat surface.NOTE 2For some printers, the print is not immediately released fromthe printer. In this case, do not end timing until the print is ejected.8.5 Hold the print firmly in place on a flat horizontal surfacewith one hand, orienting the print horizontally so that the first“X” tick mark
20、is on the left, with the black bar closest to youand with the other hand swipe the sample at the 1st tick marklabeled “1st X” using uniform pressure.Always swipe from theyellow bar to the black bar (100 % K).8.6 After completing the swipe at the first “X” tick mark,proceed immediately to the subsequ
21、ent “X” tick marks, skip-ping the “O” tick marks. Use a clean area of the gloved handfor each tick mark.8.7 After the last “X” tick has been swiped, wait until theprint time of the sample has elapsed, then using a clean area ofthe glove, swipe the “O” tick marks, starting at the first “O”and continu
22、e until all “O” tick marks have been swiped.8.7.1 Using a black permanent marker, label the actual printtime on the target, as well as the media, printer, and conditiontested.8.7.2 If smudging occurs on any of the color bars at the last“O” tick mark area, another print will need to be generated.Prin
23、t the 2nd print, starting the stopwatch when the printingbegins. When the sample has exited the printer, start the stopwatch and wait until 33 the print time has passed (for example,print time = 4 minutes 36 seconds. For the second print,swiping of the “X” tick marks will be started at 12 minutes an
24、d48 seconds). Follow steps 8.5 through 8.6. Again, wait thelength of the print time (for example, an additional 4 minute 36seconds) and then swipe the “O.”NOTE 3If you know the approximate dry time, start the measurementat least 1 min before the print will dry. This will reduce the time of thetestin
25、g procedure.9. Evaluating Test Results9.1 Record the actual time when smudging was no longervisible (for each color bar) and calculate the time by using thefollowing procedure:9.1.1 Total print time divided by 5 = increment time.9.1.2 Place the increment time at the 2nd tick mark.Add theincrement ti
26、me to each subsequent “X” tick mark. The last “X”tick mark time should equal the actual total print time.9.1.3 If smudging continues after the “X” tick marks, addthe total print time plus12 of the increment time. This total isplace at the 1st “O” tick mark. Add the increment time to eachsubsequent “
27、O” tick marks. The final “O” tick mark timeshould equal double the actual print time minus12 theincrement time (seeAppendix X1 for an example of calculatingincrement times and smudging times).10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Sample identification, including the printer, methodo
28、f printing, and the media type.10.1.2 Record the time when the sample no longer smudgesfor each color bar.10.1.3 Record the temperature and humidity.11. Precision and Bias11.1 A statement of bias is not applicable in view of theunavailability of a standard reference for these properties.11.2 To mini
29、mize variability when doing comparative test-ing, one operator should perform the smudge procedure.12. Keywords12.1 drying time; ink jet; media; printing; smudgeFIG. 1 Test ImageF2498 05 (2011)2APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EXAMPLE OF CALCULATING INCREMENT TIMES AND SMUDGING TIMESX1.1 Print
30、Time = 4 minutes 36 seconds.X1.1.1 Convert seconds to % minutes by dividing thenumber of seconds by 60 (36 divided by 60).X1.1.2 This equals 0.6 minutes.X1.1.3 Print time = 4.6 minutes.X1.1.4 Divide 4.6 minutes by 5 (which equals 0.92 minutes;always round to 2 decimal places).X1.1.5 0.92 = increment
31、 time.X1.1.6 2nd “X” tick mark = 0.92 minutes.X1.1.7 3rd “X” tick mark = 1.84 minutes.X1.1.8 4th “X” tick mark = 2.76 minutes.X1.1.9 5th “X” tick mark = 3.68 minutes.X1.1.10 6th “X” tick mark = 4.60 minutes (which is theactual total print time).X1.2 If smudging occurs after the last “X” tick mark, y
32、oumust then calculate the “O” tick marks. This calculation is asfollows:X1.2.1 Add the total print time of 4.6 minutes plus12 theincrement time of 0.92 which equals 0.46 to arrive at thefollowing: (add the 0.46 to #1; each subsequent time you add0.92the full increment time).X1.2.2 1st “O” tick mark
33、= 5.06 minutes.X1.2.3 2nd “O” tick mark = 5.98 minutes.X1.2.4 3rd “O” tick mark = 6.90 minutes.X1.2.5 4th “O” tick mark = 7.82 minutes.X1.2.6 5th “O” tick mark = 8.74 minutes.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentio
34、nedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee an
35、d must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting o
36、f theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
37、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2498 05 (2011)3
