1、Designation: F 2507 05Standard Specification forRecreational Airpark Design1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2507; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe
2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements forthe design of a recreational airpark intended to service anyaircraft with stall speeds (Vs1) of 45
3、 knots or less. Theseaircraft include but are not limited to, standard categoryaircraft, light sport aircraft, ultralights, microlights, and ad-vanced ultralights1.2 Recreational airparks are designed for daylight opera-tions from 60 min before official sunrise to 60 min after officialsunset.1.3 Rec
4、reational Airparks may provide commercial servicesin support of the recreational operation of light sport aircraft,including, but not limited to: flight instruction, introductoryflights, aircraft rental, glider towing, and maintenance services.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5、safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4814 Specification forAuto
6、motive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD 6227 Specification for Grade 82 Unleaded AviationGasolineF 2317 Specification for Design of Weight-Shift-ControlAircraftF 2352 Specification for Design and Performance of LightSport Gyroplane AircraftF 2244 Specification for Design and Performance Require-ments for
7、Powered Parachute AircraftF 2245 Specification for Design and Performance of a LightSport Airplane2.2 FAA Standards:3FAA Form 7480-1 Notice of Landing Area ProposalFAR Part 157 Notification of Construction, Alteration, Ac-tivation, and Deactivation of Airports2.3 NFPA Standard:4NFPA Standard No. 30
8、Flammable and Combustible Liq-uids Code3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 airport elevationhighest point on an airports usablerunway.3.1.2 civil aviation authority (CAA)government whichhas regulatory oversight for aircraft operations/safety in thecountry which the airport is located; for example, U
9、nited States Federal Aviation Administration.3.1.3 NFPANational Fire Protection Association.3.1.4 runway protection zone (RPZ)area off the runwayend to enhance the protection of people and property on theground.3.1.5 runway safety area (RSA)defined surface surround-ing the runway prepared or suitabl
10、e for reducing the risk ofdamage to aircraft in the event of an undershoot, overshoot orexcursion from the runway also know as a RPZ or runwayprotection zone.3.1.6 taxiway (TW)defined path established for the taxi-ing of aircraft from one part of an airpark to another.3.1.7 taxiway safety area (TSA)
11、defined surface alongsidethe taxiway prepared or suitable for reducing the risk ofdamage to an aircraft unintentionally departing the taxiway.3.1.7.1 DiscussionDepressions such as swales are allow-able.3.1.8 threshold (TH)beginning of that portion of therunway available for landing.4. Significance o
12、f Use4.1 The purpose of this specification is to establish mini-mum standards for an airpark on which light aircraft designedin accordance with Specifications F 2317, F 2352, F 2244,F 2245, and other similar aircraft may safely operate.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
13、F37 on LightSport Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.70 on CrossCutting.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2005. Published November 2005.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book
14、 of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 IndependenceAve., SW, Washington, DC 20591.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 0226
15、9-9101.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Site Requirements5.1 GeneralAn airpark site should take into considerationthe need to ensure safe approaches and departures of aircraft.5.1.1 Each facility shall have a means
16、by which a person cancontact an appropriate authority in case of an emergency. Oneexample would be a public phone.5.1.2 Each facility shall have a functioning wind sock.5.1.3 The grading of the airport shall be such that allshoulders and slopes drain away from runways, taxiways, andall paved areas.5
17、.1.4 An airport should have smooth, well drained opera-tional areas with sufficient stability to permit the safe move-ment of recreational aircraft.5.1.5 U.S. Federal RequirementsNotification of the intentto establish an airpark is required under the provisions of FARPart 157. FAA Form 7480-1, which
18、 is used to provide thisnotice (as well as guidance in its preparation), is available fromany FAA Regional Airports Division or Airports District/FieldOffice.5.1.6 Local RequirementsMost communities have estab-lished zoning laws, building codes, fire regulations, and otherlegal requirements to provi
19、de for the safety and comfort of thecitizenry. A thorough study of these requirements should bemade to determine their effect on the establishment andoperation of an airpark.6. Airpark Geometry6.1 Runway location and orientation are important to airportsafety, efficiency, economics, and environmenta
20、l impact. Theweight and degree of concern given to each of the followingfactors depend, in part, on: the meteorological conditions; thesurrounding environment; topography; and the volume of airtraffic expected at the airpark.6.2 WindAppendix X1 provides information on wind dataanalysis for airport p
21、lanning and design. Such an analysisconsiders the wind velocity and direction as related to theexisting and forecasted operations. It may also consider windby time of day.6.3 Airspace AvailabilityCheck with the respective CivilAviation Authority to ensure the airpark location will notinterfere with
22、existing and planned approach and departureprocedures, control zones, special use airspace, restrictedairspace, and traffic patterns currently established for otheraviation facilities.6.4 Obstructions to Air NavigationAn obstruction surveyshould identify those objects that may affect aircraft opera-
23、tions. Approaches free of obstructions are desirable and en-couraged, but as a minimum, locate and orient runways toensure that the approach areas associated with the ultimatedevelopment of the airport are clear of hazards to air naviga-tion.6.5 Wildlife HazardsIn orienting runways, consider therela
24、tive locations of bird sanctuaries, sanitary landfills, or otherareas that may attract large numbers of birds or wildlife.7. Runway Design and Marking7.1 Runway Dimensions:7.1.1 Airparks Supporting Light Sport Airplanes, Weight-Shift, or Gyroplane Aircraft, or a Combination Thereof:7.1.1.1 Minimum l
25、ength (LR) is to be twice the demon-strated or published minimum landing distance of the aircraftto be served or 275 m (902 ft) at sea level, whichever is greater.Runway lengths above sea level should be increased at a rateof 25 m (82 ft) per 300 m (984 ft) of airport elevation. Runwaylength is meas
26、ured from threshold to threshold. See Fig. 1.NOTENot to scaleFIG. 1 Runway LengthThresholdF25070527.1.1.2 Width shall be a minimum of 10 m (33 ft) forunpaved runways and a minimum of 6 m (19.7 ft) for pavedrunways.7.1.1.3 A minimum runway safety area 10 m (33 ft) eachside of the centerline extended
27、75 m (246 ft) past each runwaythreshold shall be established.7.1.1.4 Except for runway and navigational markings, nostructure, trees, road, or designated aircraft parking area shouldbe located within the runway safety area.7.1.1.5 For approach end of runways, a runway protectionzone shall be maintai
28、ned clear of obstruction in accordancewith the following description:(1) No object should penetrate a surface that starts at theedge of the threshold and at the elevation of the runwaycenterline at the threshold and slopes upward at a slope 15(horizontal) to 1 (vertical). See Fig. 2.7.1.1.6 In the p
29、lan view, the centerline of this surfaceextends 1000 m (3280 ft) along the extended runway centerlinestarting at the end of the runway. This surface extends laterally16 m (52 ft) on each side of the runway centerline starting atthe end of runway and increases in width to 45 m (147 ft) at apoint 1000
30、 m (3280 ft) from the end of the runway. See Fig. 2.7.1.2 Powered Parachute Designated Landing Area (seeFig. 3):7.1.2.1 Airparks establishing a separate landing area forpowered parachutes shall designate a circular landing area witha minimum radius of 45 m (147 ft). See Fig. 3.7.1.2.2 A safety area
31、with a radius of a minimum of 76 m(249 ft) shall be established. See Fig. 3.7.1.2.3 In cases where 95 % or greater of the daytimeprevailing winds occur within a 60 degree arc or the inverse ofthat arc, or both, the crosswind segment of both the landingarea and safety area may be reduced. The reduced
32、 width ismeasured as a width either side of a straight line drawn in thecenter of the 60 degree arc of 26 m (85 ft) for the landing areaand 44 m (144 ft) for the safety area. See Fig. 4.7.1.2.4 Except for runway and navigational marking, nostructure, trees, road, or designated aircraft parking area
33、shouldbe located within the runway safety area.7.1.2.5 The designated landing area for powered parachutesmay overlap a runway as described in 7.1, where an airparkoperator wishes to support both types of aircraft on the samelanding surfaces.7.1.2.6 If prevailing winds allow and an airpark owner sode
34、signates, the airpark may support powered parachute landingtraffic on a runway in place of a powered parachute landingarea.7.2 Runways should be marked with white paint or whitecolored break-off markers such as plastic highway cones, orboth.7.3 Runways shall be clear and graded and have no poten-tia
35、lly hazardous ruts, humps, depressions, or other surfacevariations.7.4 Runways shall be graded to divert surface water runoffoff the runway and into a drainage system.8. Taxiway Design and Marking8.1 GeneralAn airpark is not required to have taxiways. Iftaxiways are established, then the following m
36、inimum stan-dards shall be met.8.1.1 Each taxiway shall be at least 3 m (10 ft) wide.NOTENot to scaleFIG. 2 Safety AreasF25070538.2 Each taxiway shall have a taxiway safety area of 10 m(33 ft) each side of the center line.8.3 Except for taxiway and navigational marking, no struc-ture, trees, or desi
37、gnated aircraft parking area should be locatedwithin the taxiway safety area.8.4 Taxiways should be marked with blue colored markerssuch as plastic highway cones or break-off markers.9. Threshold Sighting9.1 GeneralThe threshold should be located at the begin-ning of the marked runway surface. Howev
38、er, displacement ofthe threshold may be required when an object that obstructs theairspace required for landing aircraft is beyond the airportowners power to remove, relocate, or lower. Thresholds mayalso be displaced for environmental considerations, such asnoise abatement.9.1.1 Displacement of a t
39、hreshold reduces the length ofrunway available for landings. Depending on the reason fordisplacement of the threshold, the portion of the runway behinda displaced threshold may be available for takeoffs in eitherdirection or landings from the opposite direction.10. Buildings and Airplane Parking10.1
40、 GeneralBuildings or hangars, or both, are to beconstructed a minimum of 45 m (149 ft) from the runwaycenterline.10.2 An area to park automobiles should be provided.10.3 In addition to auto parking, parking should be providedthat facilitates the loading and unloading of trailered aircraft.11. Traffi
41、c Patterns11.1 Airpark owners and operators are responsible forestablishing traffic patterns. In some cases, coordination withthe local civil aviation authority is also required.11.1.1 Light sport airplanes, weight-shift, and gyroplanesgenerally fly a rectangular pattern. Pattern altitude will typi-
42、cally be 152.4 m (500 ft) or greater above the altitude of theairport.NOTENot to scaleFIG. 3 Powered Parachute Landing AreaF250705411.2 Powered parachute aircraft require patterns that allowan approach to landing that is as near as practical directly intothe wind.11.3 The airpark owner shall post a
43、diagram and instructionsdescribing the local pattern in a conspicuous manner in aconspicuous location at or near the parking apron or airportoffice.12. Fuel and Fuel Storage12.1 GeneralThe majority of light sport aircraft are de-signed to use unleaded automotive type fuels complying withSpecificatio
44、ns D 4814 and D 6227, or other similar unleadedgasoline specifications.12.1.1 If fuel is provided at the airpark, all local fire,environmental, and zoning regulations should be followed.NFPA Standard No. 30, Chapter 2, contains location andinstallation criteria for fuel storage tanks with respect to
45、 otherbuildings, property lines, and public ways.12.2 If a fueling facility is provided at the airpark, it isrecommended that the smallest tank practical be used toprevent prolonged storage of unused gasoline.12.3 In calculating the size of tank used, an owner shouldconsider the number of based airc
46、raft, the hours expected to flyin a given period, and the expected number of transient aircraftpurchasing fuel. Also, the tank must be large enough to receivea normal minimum fuel delivery offered by the local fueldistributor.12.4 Light sport aircraft have fuel capacities that typicallyrange between
47、 5 and 20 U.S. gallons. Facilities should bedesigned with this low volume in mind.12.5 Fuel storage facilities are required to be placed in alocation outside of the runway and taxiway safety areas.13. Keywords13.1 airpark; airplane; airport; glider; gyroplane; light sportaircraft; powered parachute
48、aircraft; recreational airpark; run-ways; taxiway; trike; weight shift aircraftNOTENot to scaleFIG. 4 Powered Parachute Landing AreaF2507055APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. GUIDANCE ON DETERMINING RUNWAY ORIENTATIONX1.1 This appendix provides guidance on the assembly andanalysis of wind data to
49、 determine runway orientation. It alsoprovides guidance on analyzing the operational impact ofwinds on existing runways. (This information does not applyfor the round runway configuration.)X1.1.1 A factor influencing runway orientation and numberof runways is wind. Ideally, a runway should be aligned withthe prevailing wind. Wind conditions affect all aircraft invarying degrees. Generally, the smaller the aircraft, the more itis affected by wind, particularly crosswind components. Cross-winds are often a contributing factor in small airplane acci-dents.X1.
