1、Designation: F 2548 06Standard Specification forExpanded Metal Fence Systems for Security Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2548; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers selection and installation ofexpanded metal fence systems for applications on new orretrofit fences for
3、 commercial, industrial, governmental orinstitutional facilities as applicable to homeland security, orwhere the possibility of malevolent incursion is significant. SeeFig. 1 for typical examples of expanded metal fence applica-tions. This type of fence system is not recommended forresidential or pu
4、blic recreational facilities such as pools,schools, and kindergartens.1.2 This specification is intended to guide those responsiblefor or concerned with the design and installation of anexpanded metal fence system capable of denying or delayingunwanted access into or out of an area.1.3 No recommenda
5、tion is made or implied here as to themerits of the product from any particular manufacturer. Choiceof component selection for the expanded metal system shouldbe made by the writer of the project specification based on theirown perception of the products merit and the consequence ofa malevolent incu
6、rsion.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. Any values given in brackets are for informationonly.1.5 This specification does not purport to address all of thesafety and security concerns, if any, associated with homelandsecurity. It is the responsibility of the use
7、r of this standard toestablish the required and appropriate level of security.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 123/A 123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galva-nized) Coatings on Iron and Steel ProductsA 307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs,60 000 PSI Tensile StrengthB117 P
8、ractice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusF 934 Specification for Colors for Polymer-Coated ChainLink Fence MaterialsF 1267 Specification for Metal, Expanded, SteelF 1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatingson Steel Industrial Chain Link Fence FrameworkF 1083 Specification for Pi
9、pe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence Structures2.2 Chain Link Fence Manufacturers Institute (CLFMI)Standard:WLG2445 CLFMI Guide for the Selection of Line PostSpacings3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 expanded metal fence systemcombines
10、 expandedmetal panels and structural framework posts and rails, ifrequired with accessories and fasteners, assembled and evalu-ated as a complete system. Fig. 1 shows typical applications.3.1.2 expanded metal panelelement used as filler for thefence system. The following terms are used to further de
11、finecharacteristics of the expanded metal panels (see Fig. 2 andFig. 3).3.1.3 fittingany type of formed metal with the intent ofsecuring mesh filler to a framework.3.1.4 flattened expanded metal (F)Expanded metal whichhas been cold rolled leaving a flat, smooth surface.3.1.5 LWDlong way of diamond,
12、nominal dimension (seeFig. 2).3.1.6 regular (raised) expanded metal (R) Expandedmetal as it comes from the press after being simultaneously slitand stretched having the strands and bonds form a uniformangle to the original plane of the solid sheet from which it wasformed creating an open mesh diamon
13、d making one continuouspanel that cannot unravel.3.1.7 SWDshort way of diamond, nominal dimension (seeFig. 2).3.1.8 strand thicknessthickness of base metal.3.1.9 strand widthamount of material fed under the die toproduce one strand.4. Classification4.1 Expanded metal used on fences for security appl
14、icationsshall meet the material requirements of Specification F 1267.Expanded metal referenced in this specification is classified bytypes and classes as follows:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 onFencing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.50 on H
15、igh SecurityFences and Perimeter Barriers.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards D
16、ocument Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Type4.2.1 Type 1Expanded (see Fig. 2 Type 1)4.2.2 Type 2Expanded and flattened (see Fig. 2 Type 2)NOTE 1While it is not the intent of this sp
17、ecification to limit theselection of expanded metal “Type” to a specific fence application,historical practice is a relevant factor to consider during the selectionprocess. Construction of new expanded metal fence systems and retrofit ofchain link fences historically involved the use of Type 1 expan
18、ded metalpanels; retrofit of ornamental picket fences historically involved the use ofType 2 expanded metal panels.4.3 Class4.3.1 Class 1Uncoated4.3.2 Class 2Hot-dip zinc coated (galvanized)4.3.3 Class 3Corrosion-resisting steel5. Ordering/Specifying Information5.1 When ordering or specifying expand
19、ed metal fencesystems for security applications, the appropriate mesh type,mesh description, fence height, post size, post spacing, allow-able mesh to framework attachment methods, and finish shouldall be defined to ensure that expanded metal panels and allassociated system components will work comp
20、atibly in thetotal system installation.6. Materials6.1 Expanded Metal Panels6.1.1 Panels shall be manufactured in accordance with therequirements and within the allowable tolerances of Specifica-tion F 1267. Table 1 and Fig. 4 show selection options ofexpanded metal panels for use in security applic
21、ations.6.2 Acceptable panel types shall conform to these minimumrequirements.6.2.1 The minimum allowable weight per square foot forany expanded metal panel specified or used in security fencesystem applications shall not be less than nominal 1.47 lbs persquare foot prior to galvanizing or color coat
22、ing.FIG. 1 Expanded Metal Fencing ApplicationsFIG. 2 Diamond DescriptionRegular and FlattenedFIG. 3 Mesh DescriptionStandard and Reversed DiamondF25480626.2.2 No expanded metal specified or used for above-ground security purposes shall have an opening larger thanthree square inches.6.3 The overall w
23、idth and height of expanded metal panelscan be as large as 8 ft by 12 ft. Other factors such as panelweight, transportation, galvanizing and color coating maydictate a more practical panel size. Expanded metal securitybarrier systems vary as do production limitations.6.4 Finish6.4.1 If galvanized me
24、sh is selected, the panels shall becompletely and uniformly zinc coated by the hot-dip process inaccordance with SpecificationA 123/A 123M, after expanding,shearing, and deburring, shall be free from excessive accumu-lations of zinc in the apexes of diamond openings, and freefrom bare spots.6.4.2 If
25、 color coated mesh is required, specify type ofcoating, color, and thickness of finish. Specification F 934 isnoted as a guideline for color selection, though color coatingshall not be limited to the listed colors. The coating shall showno effect after 1000 h of salt spray exposure in accordance wit
26、hPractice B117.6.5 Framework6.5.1 Posts and horizontal rails, (round or shapes), shall beselected to meet the size and strength requirements fromSpecifications F 1043 or F 1083, as applicable. If color coated,specify type of coating, color, and thickness of finish.6.5.2 Fences used for security shal
27、l be a minimum of 8 ft inheight.6.5.3 Fences less than 10 ft in height shall have a top andbottom rail; middle rail is optional. Fences 10 ft and highershall have additional rail(s) equally spaced in accordance withmanufacturers recommendation. Instead of a bottom rail,panels may be imbedded in conc
28、rete.6.6 Fittings6.6.1 The nuts and threaded portions of fasteners used tosecure expanded metal panels to the framework must either beinaccessible from the attack side of the fence structure with thethreads peened, or, if exposed, must be tamper-proof, peened,or welded to prevent removal. Fasteners
29、and fittings shall be ofsufficient size, strength and design to prevent removal of thefabric.6.6.2 Fittings used in securing mesh panels to the frame-work shall have a strength that closely approximates the loadstrength of the specified threaded fastener (see SpecificationA 307).6.6.3 Welding galvan
30、ized or color coated mesh to frame-work is not recommended since it will compromise the finish.6.7 Gates6.7.1 Gate frames shall be of a welded construction andfabricated to allow for the weight of the expanded metal filler.See 7.2.6.8 Anti-Climb Panels (see Fig. 1).6.8.1 Anti-climb panels may be use
31、d as an addition to thesecurity fence structure, extending above the vertical portion ofthe fence to prevent circumvention by climbing.6.8.2 The length and overall shape of the anti-climb panelshall vary as required by user. Framework size, (O.D.), mayneed to be increased to accommodate the addition
32、al weight ofthis panel. Panels must join on extension posts.6.9 Below Grade Tunneling Prevention (see Fig. 1).6.9.1 Tunneling barrier panels are a below grade barrierintended to prevent tunneling and shall be installed to aspecified depth and installed to the vertical fence using thespecified system
33、s attachment method. A space no more than12 in. between the end of the panel and the post shall bepermitted.6.9.2 Tunneling barrier mesh panel selection and installa-tion shall follow the manufacturers recommendation.7. Installation7.1 Refer to the manufacturers guidelines for installationinstructio
34、ns. Security, location, terrain, and other design pa-rameters must also be factored into proper installation tech-niques and fittings usage.7.2 Caution Regarding Wind LoadsFramework selectionmust meet local building codes and wind load requirements.Due to the nature of this product, in general, havi
35、ng more steelper square foot than many other types of fencing, it is advisableto select framework capable of supporting acceptable windload. Reducing the space between posts may also be required.If wind screens are to be installed at time of erection or at alater time, the additional resistance to w
36、ind must be consideredat the time of selecting framework and post spacing. Increasingthe height of the barrier by adding any additional type offormed top panel to deter climbing as well as snow or icingconditions must also be considered in determining the pre-scribed framework. For additional inform
37、ation, see CLFMIGuide for the Selection of Line Post Spacing (WLG2445).7.3 Positioning Expanded Metal PanelsTABLE 1 Panel DescriptionDescriptionPanels Used in Security Fence Applications12 in.13R12 in.13R (.188)34 in.9R34 in.9F 1 in.7R (.240) 112 in. 6RWidth of Panel (ft) 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 5 3 5Heig
38、ht of Panel (ft 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12Diamond Dimensions (in.) SWD by LWD 0.500 by 1.20 0.500 by 1.20 0.923 by 2.00 0.923 by 2.10 1.00 by 2.40 1.330 by 3.00Percent Open Area 57 % 25 % 68 % 63 % 52 % 63 %Strand thickness (in.) 0.092 0.09 0.134 0.120 0.170 0.198Strand Width (in.) 0.096 0.188 0.
39、150 0.164 0.240 0.203Weight per ft21.47 2.82 1.80 1.71 3.50 2.50Weight galvanized per ft21.73 3.1 1.95 1.86 3.70 2.73F25480637.3.1 When expanded metal is installed continuously on theattack side of the fence, it shall be firmly affixed in such amanner that the attack side of the post and rails is on
40、 the sameplane (to enable secure attachment of the expanded metalpanels to the framework). The LWD, long way of diamond,may be installed either vertically or horizontally.7.3.2 When installed between posts, expanded metal panelsshall be securely fastened to both vertical and horizontalFIG. 4 Panels
41、commonly used in expanded metal security barriers. Other panels may be used provided the opening sizes and weightper square foot meet the specific security requirements noted in 6.2.F2548064framework members. The overlap of adjacent panels shall besecurely attached using the specified systems attach
42、mentmethod.7.3.3 Panels shall have no more than a 1-in. space betweenthe bottom of the mesh and grade. Backfilling should beperformed where appropriate.7.4 Line post spacing shall be set to allow panels to join online posts where possible. Any panels joining between postsshall overlap a minimum of t
43、hree diamonds, (or a minimum of3 in. depending upon diamond size), except to allow for slightvariations in terrain. Panels shall (at a minimum) also overlapthe outside edge of each terminal post as not to permit anyspace to compromise the barrier.7.5 When connecting panels to line and terminal posts
44、,connection points shall not exceed 18 in. When connectingpanels to horizontal rails, connection points shall not exceed 18in.7.6 Exposed edges of cut expanded metal panels are verysharp and should be avoided. Overlapping panels more than thestated minimum above, 7.4 is the normal practice and isacc
45、eptable.8. Keywords8.1 expanded metal fences; fence; fences; metal fencing;security fencing; specifications; steel fencingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expre
46、ssly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised
47、, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may a
48、ttend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F2548065
