1、Designation: F2662 08 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forMinimum Training of Dispatchers and Telecommunicators ofSAR Incidents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard asit relates to general and specific knowledge, sk
3、ills, and abilities(KSA), for existing dispatchers (who have met the require-ments of Practice F1258), 911 (emergency) operators, andtelecommunicators to be trained for the processing and dis-patch of potential and actual search and rescue incidents.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all
4、of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1258 Practice for Eme
5、rgency Medical Dispatch2.2 Other Documents:3Triage and Dispatch for SAR Managers and Telecommuni-cationsU.S. National SAR Plan3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 agency, nan SAR or emergency response entity suchas an SAR team, military unit, or emergency management
6、,police, or fire service with SAR responsibilities.3.1.2 automatic aid, naid given by another agency, auto-matically upon dispatch, when written into dispatch guidelinesor protocols. Automatic aid is generated by your Communica-tions Center by simultaneously requesting or notifying theoutside resour
7、ce upon initial dispatch of incidents. Automaticaid should be arranged for search and rescue incidents andprogrammed into your CAD (Computer Aided Dispatch)system.3.1.3 “emergency” and/or “lights and siren” response,nan Emergency and/or Lights and Siren response is where anappropriately trained pers
8、on operates and responds in a vehicleequipped with emergency lights and siren in order to enable amore timely response to a scene or other location.3.1.4 follow-up report and information, ncritical or valu-able supplemental information gathered and reported to re-sponders after initial dispatch.3.1.
9、5 mutual aid, naid given by another agency, case bycase, when requested by a member of a responding agency.3.1.6 SRD, Search and Rescue Dispatcher, na dispatcherwho processes calls for potential and actual search and rescueincidents (See Triage and Dispatch for SAR Managers andTelecommunications).4.
10、 Significance and Use4.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard asit relates to general and specific knowledge, skills, and abilities(KSA), for existing dispatchers, 911 operators and telecommu-nicators to be trained in the processing and dispatching ofpotential and actual search and r
11、escue incidents. A persontrained to this guide is a Level I (basic) SAR Dispatcher.4.2 Every person who is identified as an SAR Dispatchershall have met the requirements of this guide.4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and agencieshaving jurisdiction who wish to identify the minimum trainin
12、gstandards for Level I SAR dispatcher.4.4 This guide is only the first level of training for Searchand Rescue Dispatcher (SRD) personnel, and as such, onlyestablishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities re-quired for a person to perform SAR Dispatch.4.5 Nothing in this guide precludes a use
13、r of this guide fromadding additional requirements for its own members.4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is onlyan outline of the topics required for training or evaluating aLevel I SRD, but it can be used to develop a training documentor program.1This practice is under the jur
14、isdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search andRescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.02 on Management andOperations.Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published April 2014. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F2662 08. DOI:10.1520/F2662-08R1
15、4.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Kovacs, Tim and Mountain Rescue Association
16、, http:/www.mra.org/training/Dispatch_SAR_MRA_05.pdfCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.7 It is up to the training authority to determine the depthor detail of training to meet its needs.4.8 This guide does not stand alo
17、ne and must be used withthe referenced documents to provide the specific informationneeded by the user.4.9 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or otherdocument to determine if its content meets the necessary topicsfor training an SRD. Likewise, the guide can be used toevaluate an existing trai
18、ning program to see if it meets therequirements of this guide.4.10 The knowledge, skills, and abilities requirements pre-sented in the following sections are not presented in anyparticular order and do not represent a training sequence.4.11 Except where a physical skill needs to be shown, it isup to
19、 the instructor, evaluator, or tester to determine the bestway to evaluate a persons knowledge. This may be by writtenexam, oral exam, demonstration, or by some combination ofthe three.5. General Knowledge5.1 An SAR dispatcher shall have knowledge of:5.1.1 Differences between urban and rural/wildern
20、ess SARdispatch, including unique factors influencing selection ofresources such as terrain, weather and unique medical consid-erations.5.1.2 SAR Dispatch case studies, examples, or lessonslearned, or combinations thereof.5.1.3 SAR Dispatch legal issues.5.1.4 Legally mandated and authorized agencies
21、 for SARaffecting the area of operations.5.1.5 Local, automatic, and mutual aid SAR resources.5.1.6 Considerations and limitations of wireless phones andtheir battery power, skips, tracing, and related issues in SARenvironments, including the need for rapid gathering and triageof information, and gi
22、ving critical information to the callerbefore power or signal may be lost.5.1.7 Proactive and earlier alert or dispatch of SAR re-sources rather than other public safety practices of “reactive”and “minimalist” dispatch of resources.5.1.8 Hazards of premature cancellation of specialized SARresources.
23、5.1.9 Useful rural and wilderness geography and landmarksin the users areas of operations.5.1.10 Basic use of printed-type maps and map directories.5.1.11 Limitations and challenges of traditional ComputerAided Dispatch, triage cards and card “prompts” in SARincidents.5.1.12 Ability to operate in “m
24、anual mode” (when comput-ers and related aids are inoperable or not available).5.1.13 Multi-jurisdictional, automatic aid and mutual aidissues.5.1.14 Processing, dispatching and prioritizing simultane-ous and multiple different SAR calls.5.1.15 Guidelines for determining responses, includingemergenc
25、y lights and siren responses and non-emergencyresponses.5.1.16 Guidelines for dispatching SAR resources out ofprimary jurisdiction or area of operations.5.1.17 The need for call monitoring of medical and fire callsfor latent SAR calls.5.1.18 Need for automatic and mutual aid and interface withlaw en
26、forcement, EMS (Emergency Medical Dispatch), andFire dispatch agencies for SAR (Search and Rescue) calls.5.1.19 Differences between disaster and urban SAR re-sources versus civil (non-military combat SAR) SAR resourcesunder the U.S. National SAR Plan or the countrys equivalent.5.1.20 Dispatch guidel
27、ines (See Triage and Dispatch forSAR Managers and Telecommunications) for the followingSAR scenarios followed by their corresponding sample callcode and reference-resource guide (a CAD window, referencecard or reference page for the user to find the scenario-specificguide for minimum call-gathering
28、information, triage,dispatch, and pre-arrival instructions):5.1.20.1 Stranded or injured on a cliff, ledge, building, tree,or rock face: “High Angle Rescue.”5.1.20.2 Vehicle into ravine or over embankment requiringrough hike or rope: “High Angle Rescue.”5.1.20.3 Injured/Ill and further than eyesight
29、 of a 2wd roador trailhead: “Rescue.”5.1.20.4 In trouble in water: “Water Rescue.”(1) This includes responses to dry creek beds during anystorm warnings (per national weather service), monsoon andstorm seasons (almanac) and runoff seasons (spring, etc.).(2) Trapped in or on a vehicle or object.(3) S
30、tranded, drowning, floating in moving water.(4) Drowning or trapped in still water.(5) Flooding house, building, mobile home, trailer; with/without collapse or fire hazard.(6) In, on, or under ice involving flowing or still water.5.1.20.5 In a confined or underground space (active orabandoned mine,
31、cave, tunnel, pipe, tank, canyon, silo, sewer,well, trench, crevice, crevasse, structural collapse, industrialspace, vessel, etc.): “Confined or Underground Space Rescue.”5.1.20.6 Involved in Hazardous Materials situation:“HazMat.”5.1.20.7 Requests for a helicopter search or rescue: “Heli-copter Sea
32、rch or Rescue.”5.1.20.8 Other agency request for technical SAR resource:“Other Agency SAR Request.”5.1.20.9 Aircraft Crash. Usually more than 400 feet from a2wd road or involving technical rescue, or multiple patients:“Aircraft Crash.”5.1.20.10 Multi-casualty incident or disaster, naturaldisaster, T
33、errorism SAR (See U.S. National SAR Plan), Weap-ons of Mass Destruction (WMD): “MCI-Terrorism-WMD.”5.1.20.11 Stranded in Blizzard/Snow. Stranded in home,building, vehicle, on foot: “Blizzard/Snow.”5.1.20.12 Avalanche involving hiker, skier, vehicle,snowrider, etc.: “Avalanche.”5.1.20.13 Stranded in
34、heat/desert/dust storm: “Heat/DesertRescue.”5.1.20.14 Lightning incidents: “Lightning Rescue.”5.1.20.15 Missing or overdue person, hiker, etc.: “Missing/Search.”F2662 08 (2014)25.1.20.16 Recovery of body, property, evidence from atechnical or SAR environment: “Search/Recovery.”5.1.20.17 Animal Rescu
35、e from any technical or SAR envi-ronment: “Animal Rescue.”5.1.21 Training for minimum call-gathering informationshall include SAR-specific or disaster-specific information thatmay help to:5.1.21.1 Determine resource selection of appropriate re-sponders and specialty units,5.1.21.2 Determine urgency
36、of response needed and whatlevel of urgency by which responders and specialty units,5.1.21.3 Prepare responders and agencies with additionaltactical or situational details,5.1.21.4 Determine the incident to require law enforcementinvolvement (for example, kidnap, terrorism, lost or strandedperson is
37、 a suspect).6. Skills6.1 An SAR dispatcher shall demonstrate the ability to:6.1.1 Perform, to the trainers satisfaction, a sufficient num-ber and variety of actual or mock SAR incidents that are likelyto occur in their area of operations, including the selection anddispatch of appropriate resources,
38、 and follow-up reports.7. Keywords7.1 911 operator; dispatch; dispatcher; search and rescuedispatcher; SRD; telecommunicationsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are e
39、xpressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not rev
40、ised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you m
41、ay attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United St
42、ates. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2662 08 (2014)3
