1、Designation: F2685 07F2685 14Standard Guide forTraining of a Level II Land Search Team MemberLeader(STL)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2685; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for Level II land search team members Land Search Team Leadersas it rela
3、tes to their general, field, and search-specific knowledge, skills, and experience.1.2 A Land Search Team Leader searches on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolatedor have lost supporting infrastructure.1.3 A Level II land search team member searches on t
4、he surface of the land only. This guide does not provide the minimumtraining requirements for searching in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground(such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).1.4 A Level II search team member can be utilized as: a field t
5、eam leader, a single resource for sign cutting, a hasty searcher,and to establish segments in the field. No knots, rope, litter, or other rescue skills are required of a Level II.Land Search TeamLeader.1.5 Level II search team members are eligible to be members of type II search teams or crews as de
6、fined in ClassificationALandSearch Team Leader can be utilized as a field team leader, a single resource for sign cutting, a support person for a canine searchteam, and to establish search area boundaries in the F1993.field.1.6 Type II teams which may utilize personnel trained toA Land Search Team L
7、eader is eligible to supervise Type II searchteams or crews as defined in Classification F1993this standard are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), and Kind C(mountainous) Type II teams which may utilize personnel trained to this standard are:1.6.1 Kind A (wilderness);1.6.2 Kind B (urban);1.6.3 Kin
8、d C (mountainous);1.6.4 Kind J (evidence/cadaver);1.6.5 King K (missing aircraft).1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and d
9、etermine the applicability of regulatoryrequirements prior to use.1.7 Further training may be required before a Level II land search team member can actually Land Search Team Leader canparticipate on a particular kind of search team, depending on the authority having jurisdictions AHJs regulations o
10、r policies.1.8 Land search team members are categorized by levels in which level one is the basic or entrance level and the numbersincrease as the requirements increase.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
11、of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryrequirements prior to use.1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Person
12、nel, Training andEducation.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007May 1, 2014. Published December 2007June 2014. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 asF2685 07. DOI: 10.1520/F2685-07.10.1520/F2685-14.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide
13、the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the stan
14、dard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1422F1583 Guide for Using the Incident Command System Framework in Managin
15、g Search and Rescue OperationsPracticefor Communications ProceduresPhoneticsF1490 Terminology Relating to Search and Rescue (Withdrawn 2011)3F1633 Guide for Techniques in Land SearchF1767 Guide for Forms Used for Search and Rescue (Withdrawn 2014)3F1773 Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineeri
16、ng, Search and Rescue Equipment and PracticesF1993 Classification System of Human Search and Rescue Resources (Withdrawn 2014)3F2209 Guide for Training of Level I Land Search Team MemberF2890 Guide for Hazard Awareness for Search and Rescue PersonnelF3068 Guide for Contents and Use of a Position Tas
17、k Book (PTB)F3072 Guide for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use (GPS/GNSS-IIW) Endorsement2.2 Other Documents:NWCG PMS 307 Work Capacity Testing for Wildland Firefighters43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 land search team member Level II, na member of a land sea
18、rch team who, as a minimum, meets the requirements ofthis guide.3.1.2 track log, na recording, in a GPS unit, of information about points along a route, including time, location, and elevation.3.1.3 way point, nlocations or landmarks recorded and stored in a GPS unit.3.1.4 bump line, nthe designated
19、 line or physical barrier that is used to mark the end of a search segment.3.1.1 wilderness, na setting in which the delivery of patient care by SAR personnel is adversely affected by logisticalcomplications, such as : as: an environment that is physically stressful or hazardous to the patient, SAR
20、personnel, or both;remoteness of the patientspatients location, such that it causes a delay in the delivery of care to the patient; or lack of adequatemedical supplies, equipment, or transportation.3.1.6 helicopter landing zone (LZ), nan area that has an adequate and acceptable touchdown pad, safety
21、 circle, andapproach/departure path.3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this guide, see Terminology F1490, Guide F1633, GuideTerminology F2209F1773,Classification F1993, Guide F2209, and other references within this guide.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard
22、for training land search team members as it relates to their general, field, andsearch-specific knowledge, skills, and experience. A person trained to this guide is a Level II land search team member.abilitiesthat a person must have to perform as a Land Search Team Leader. No other skills are includ
23、ed or implied.4.2 Every person who is identified as a Level II land search team member Land Search Team Leader shall have met therequirements of this guide.4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals individuals, organizations, and agencies having jurisdiction that wish to identify theminimum traini
24、ng standards for Level II land search team membersrequired for a Land Search Team Leader.4.3.1 Determining the requirements and qualifications for team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.4.3.2 The AHJ shall determine the depth or detail of training required to meet these needs.4.3.3 Nothing in
25、 this standard precludes an AHJ from requiring additional knowledge, skills, or abilities for its members.4.4 It is up to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) to determine the depth or detail of training to meet these needs.4.5 Nothing in this standard precludes an AHJ from adding additional requ
26、irements for its own members.4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a LevelII land search team member, but it can be used to develop a training document or program.4.4 This guide does not stand alone and must be us
27、ed with the referenced documents to provide specific information neededby a Level II land search team member an STL or AHJ.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, ref
28、er to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 http:/www.nwcg.gov/pms/pubs/newshelt/workcaptest_lo.pdf.F2685 1424.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its c
29、ontent meets the necessary topics fortraining a Level II land search team member. an STL. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training programto see if it meets the requirements in this guide.4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics requ
30、ired for training or evaluating a Land SearchTeam Leader.4.7 The knowledge and skills requirements presented in the following sections knowledge, skills, and abilities defined in thisguide are not presented in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.4.8 ALand Search Team Leader
31、 shall document his or her training by completion of a position task book, compliant with GuideF3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision.4.9 Unless stated otherwise, an ability or proficiency in a skill shall be demonstrated for initial qualification and then as oftenas required b
32、y the AHJ.4.10 Except where a physical skill needs to be shown, it is up to the AHJ, instructor, evaluator, or tester to or ability must bedemonstrated the AHJ shall determine the best way to evaluate a persons knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam,demonstration, or by some combination o
33、f the three.5. Personal Fitness and Health5.1 Land Search Team Leaders shall demonstrate annually that they meet the requirements of a medical fitness standard selectedby the AHJ.5.2 Land Search Team Leaders shall demonstrate annually that they meet the requirements of a physical performance standar
34、ddetermined by the AHJ.5.2.1 The recommended minimum physical performance requirement for a Land Search Team Leader is the “Moderate” levelas defined in NWCG PMS 307 (see Appendix X1).6. Personal and Team Equipment6.1 A Land Search Team Leader shall demonstrate proficiency in the use and operation o
35、f all personal equipment.6.2 A Land Search Team Leader shall demonstrate proficiency in the use and operation of all team equipment required by theAHJ.6.3 A Land Search Team Leader shall possess and demonstrate the ability to use all personal protective equipment required bythe AHJ.7. General Knowle
36、dge and Skills7.1 ALand Search Team Leader shall have met all of the qualifications for, and have functioned as a Land Search Team Member(Guide F2209) or equivalent for a length of time determined by the AHJ.7.1.1 It is recommended that this time period shall be no less than one year.7.2 A Land Sear
37、ch Team Leader shall have successfully completed the National Incident Management System (NIMS) courseICS-200 “ICS for Single Resources and Initial Action Incidents.”7.3 A Land Search Team Leader shall have met all qualifications for Standard Guide for Hazardous Awareness for Search andRescue Person
38、nel (Guide F2890) or equivalent.7.4 ALand SearchTeam Leader shall complete the Department of Interior, Office ofAviation Management (DOI OAM), CourseA100 Basic Aviation Safety, or equivalent training.7.5 A Land Search Team Leader shall earn and maintain certification in adult, child, and two rescuer
39、 CPR.7.6 A Land Search Team Leader shall earn and maintain certification in Wilderness First Aid or a more advanced level ofemergency care.8. GeneralLeadership Knowledge and Skills Required for a Level II Land Search Team Member8.1 Candidates must have met qualifications for, and functioned as a lev
40、el I land search team member for a length of timedetermined by AHJ.A Land Search Team Leader shall demonstrate an understanding of the following in regard to a search team:8.1.1 Fitness standards shall be determined by AHJ.Team leader responsibilities;8.1.2 Recognizing morale problems;8.1.3 Maintain
41、ing or improving team morale;8.1.4 Handling team deficiencies in the field such as equipment problems (radio, etc.) or personnel problems (discipline, etc.);8.1.5 Employing a successful leadership style;8.1.6 The concepts of Situational Awareness and its importance during search operations;8.1.7 The
42、 delegation of tasks within the team.F2685 1438.2 Incident Command System (See Guide F1422)A Land Search Team Leader shall have experience in night field searchoperations in adverse weather conditions in his or her agencys normal area of operations.5.2.1 It is required that Level II land search team
43、 members complete the National Incident Management System (NIMS) coursesICS-100, ICS-200 and IS-700.8.3 Personal Safety and Survival A Land Search Team Leader shall have experience in day or night field search operations inadverse weather conditions in hazardous terrain common to his or her agencys
44、normal area of operations.5.3.1 A Level II land search team member must have experienced overnight situations during adverse weather conditions forhis/her agencys normal area of operation.5.3.2 A Level II land search team member must have experience searching in adverse weather conditions in hazardo
45、us terraincommon to his/her agencys normal area of operation.5.3.3 Level II must have a clear understanding of the basic skills needed for survival in his/her agencys normal area ofoperation.8.4 Land Navigation: A Land Search Team Leader shall demonstrate an understanding of the skills needed for su
46、rvival in thenormal area of operations.5.4.1 Topo Maps5.4.1.1 Demonstrate the ability to locate in the field a point shown on a map.5.4.1.2 Demonstrate the ability to locate a position in the field on a map.5.4.1.3 Locate a search segment in the field.5.4.1.4 Demonstrate proficiency in using a topog
47、raphic map.5.4.2 Compass5.4.2.1 Demonstrate using a compass to guide a search team in the field.5.4.2.2 Demonstrate putting in a bump line to delineate a search segment.5.4.2.3 Demonstrate proficiency in using a compass.5.4.3 GPS5.4.3.1 Demonstrate the ability to create track logs and waypoints.5.4.
48、3.2 Demonstrate the ability to obtain information from a GPS unit and correlate to a topo map.5.5 Communication5.5.1 Briefing5.5.1.1 Demonstrate briefing your team members on the following subjects:(1) Subject information(2) Terrain(3) Tactics(4) Clues(5) Weather(6) Safety/Hazards(7) Assignment obje
49、ctives(8) Attitude5.5.2 Debriefing5.5.2.1 Discuss debriefing forms or documentation used by the AHJ or both (See Guide F1767).5.5.2.2 Demonstrate debriefing with the Plans Section on the following subjects:(1) Safety issues(2) Coverage (POD)(3) Clues found(4) Search difficulties or problems or both in assigned area5.6 Search Techniques5.6.1 Demonstrate understanding of search techniques described in Guide F1633 that are used by your AHJ.5.6.2 Demonstrate the ability to lead a search crew using the search technique(s) assigned.5.7 Leadership5.7.1 Discuss respo
