1、Designation: F 2733 09Standard Specification forFlame Resistant Rainwear for Protection Against FlameHazards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2733; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes applicable test methods,minimum physical and thermal performance criteria, a sug-gested s
3、izing guide, and suggested purchasing information forrainwear for use by workers who are potentially exposed toindustrial hydrocarbon fires or other petrochemical fire haz-ards.1.1.1 This specification does not apply to rainwear used forthermal electric arc flash hazards. Specification of rainwear f
4、orthese electric arc flash hazards are addressed in SpecificationF 1891.1.2 The objective of this specification is to prescribe func-tion and performance criteria for rainwear that meets a mini-mum level of thermal and physical performance when exposedto a laboratory-simulated fire exposure.1.3 This
5、 specification is not intended to serve as a detailedmanufacturing or purchasing specification, but can be refer-enced in purchase contracts to ensure that minimum perfor-mance requirements are met.1.4 Controlled laboratory tests used to determine compli-ance with the performance requirements of thi
6、s specificationshall not be deemed as establishing performance levels for allsituations to which wearers of this protective clothing arepotentially exposed.1.5 This specification does not attempt to establish in-service care and use of this flame resistant rainwear.1.6 The values stated in SI units
7、are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in brackets are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound or other units that are commonlyused for thermal testing.1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to Sections7 and 9 of this specification. This standard does not purport toaddress all of th
8、e safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating t
9、o TextilesD 751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD 1117 Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics3D 1388 Test Method for Stiffness of FabricsD 3393 Specification for Coated FabricsWaterproofnessD 3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) ofFabricD 3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextileF
10、abricsDiaphragm Bursting Strength Tester MethodD 4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior ofTextilesD 6413 Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Ver-tical Test)E 96/E 96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsF 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective ClothingF 1891 Sp
11、ecification for Arc and Flame Resistant RainwearF 1930 Test Method for Evaluation of Flame ResistantClothing for Protection Against Flash Fire SimulationsUsing an Instrumented Manikin2.2 Federal Specifications:4FTMS 191A, Method 5516FTMS CCC-T-191b, Method 52042.3 AATCC Standards:5AATCC 135 Dimensio
12、nal Changes Automatic Home Laun-dering of Woven and Knitted FabricsAATCC 127 Water Resistance: Hydrostatic Pressure Test1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 onPersonal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F23.80 on Flame and
13、 Thermal.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
14、 website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.5Available from American Association of Te
15、xtile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.4 NFPA Standards:NFPA 2112 Standard on Flame-Resistant Garments for Pro-tect
16、ion of Industrial Personnel Against Flash Fire, 2007Edition63. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 afterflame, npersistent flaming of a material afterthe ignition source has been removed.3.1.2 afterflame time, nthe length of time for which amaterial continues to flame after the ignition source has been
17、removed.3.1.2.1 DiscussionDuring simulated laboratory fire test-ing of clothing, the length of time for which a specimencontinues to exhibit a visible flaming as determined by a timedisplay video recording or visual observation of the specimenduring testing.3.1.3 break-open, nin laboratory-simulated
18、 fire testing ofclothing, a material response evidenced by the formation of ahole in the test specimen during the thermal exposure thatresults in the exposure energy in direct contact with the heatsensor, the manikin surface or an undergarment.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe specimen is considered to exhibitb
19、reakopen when a hole is produced as a result of the thermalexposure that is at least 3.2 cm2(0.5 in.2) in area or at least 2.5cm (1.0 in.) in any dimension. Single threads across theopening or hole do not reduce the size of the hole for thepurposes of this test method.3.1.4 burn injury, nburn damage
20、 which occurs withinhuman skin at various depths as a function of temperature andtime and which can be described mathematically in a burninjury model.3.1.4.1 DiscussionBurn injury in human tissue occurswhen the tissue is heated above a critical temperature. Thedegree of burn injury-first, second or
21、third degree-dependsupon the level above the critical temperature, the durationabove the critical temperature and the depth in the skin layers.3.1.5 char length, nin measuring flame resistance oftextiles, the distance from the fabric edge which was directlyexposed to the flame to the furthest point
22、of visible fabricdamage after a specified tearing force has been applied.3.1.6 charring, nthe formation of carbonaceous residue asthe result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.7 design test, nfor flame resistant rainwear, one madeon a sample as representative of a commercial product; thesetes
23、ts will not generally be repeated in quantity production.3.1.7.1 DiscussionPerform the design test only when anew or modified rainwear material, substrate, coating oradhesive is used to manufacture rainwear.Achange in rainwearmaterial includes, but is not limited to, any of the following:The materia
24、l composition, weight, coating, laminate, adhesive,or the supplier of the material, substrate, coating, laminate, oradhesive.3.1.8 dripping, nin testing thermal protective material, aresponse evidenced by flowing of the fiber polymer.3.1.8.1 DiscussionIn testing thermal protective materials,coated f
25、abrics or laminates, dripping is a response evidencedby flowing of the fiber polymer, the fabric coating, or the fabriclaminates, and the evidence of droplets from the flowingmaterial.3.1.9 embrittlement, nthe formation of a brittle residue asa result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.10 fla
26、me resistance, nthe property of a materialwhereby flaming combustion is prevented, terminated, orinhibited following application of a flaming or nonflamingsource of ignition, with or without subsequent removal of theignition source.3.1.11 fire exposure, nin laboratory-simulated fire testingof clothi
27、ng, a fuel rich fire generated with non-stoichiometricamounts of propane and oxygen in air leading to incompletecombustion of the propane. The fire exposure is a propane-airdiffusion flame with a controlled heat flux engulfing themanikin for a controlled duration.3.1.12 garment ignition, nin laborat
28、ory-simulated firetesting of clothing, the initiation of combustion of a garmentspecimen that does not self extinguish for at least 10 seconds.3.1.13 heat energy exposure, nin laboratory-simulatedfire testing of clothing, the total heat energy received at asurface as a direct result of a laboratory
29、simulated fire.3.1.13.1 DiscussionAs related to heat energy exposure,the energy in J/cm2(cal/cm2), that is transferred to the materialsurface is determined by multiplying the heat flux of thelaboratory simulated flash fire by the duration of the laborato-rysimulated flash fire.3.1.14 melting, na mat
30、erial response evidenced by soft-ening of the polymer.3.1.14.1 DiscussionIn testing flame resistant rainwear,melting is additionally defined as the liquefaction of materialunder the influence of heat.3.1.15 rainwear, na garment which provides protectionfrom precipitation for the head, limbs and body
31、 of the user.3.1.16 shrinkage, na decrease in one or more dimensionsof an object or material.3.1.17 thermal exposure, nthe intensity of heat energy towhich a fabric is exposed.3.1.18 thermal protection, nthe property that character-izes the overall performance of a garment or protectiveclothing ense
32、mble relative to how it prevents the transfer ofheat that is sufficient to cause burn injury.3.1.18.1 DiscussionThermal protection of a garment orensemble and the consequential predicted burn injury (second-degree and/or third-degree), is quantified from the response ofmanikin test thermal energy se
33、nsors. In addition to the calcu-lated results, the physical response and degradation of thegarment or protective ensemble is an observable phenomenonuseful in understanding garment or protective clothing en-semble thermal protection.3.1.19 thermal resistance, nthe reciprocal of thermaltransmittance.
34、3.1.20 thermal material response, nin laboratory-simulated fire testing of clothing, the effects that are observedconcurrent and subsequent to thermal exposure, which can6Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.F273309
35、2include phenomena such as breakopen, charring, embrittle-ment, melting, shrinkage, etc.3.1.20.1 DiscussionThe thermal material response is aresult of exposure to the radiant and convective energy of thelaboratory-simulated fire.3.1.21 thermal transmittance, nunidirectional heat trans-fer per unit a
36、rea, in the steady-state, between parallel planes,per unit difference of temperature of the planes.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisspecification refer to Terminology D 123, D 4391, and F 1494.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification covers the minimum performancecriteria
37、for flame resistance and other requirements for rain-wear used by workers with the potential to be simultaneouslyexposed to wet weather conditions and either hydrocarbon orpetrochemical industrial fires.4.2 The purchaser has the option to perform or haveperformed any of the tests required by this sp
38、ecification inorder to verify the performance of the rainwear.4.3 This specification for rainwear shall not be construed asa requirement for the use of any particular rainwear material.5. Ordering Information5.1 It is useful for the purchaser to consider the followingitems when buying rainwear under
39、 this specification. Includethese items, as necessary, in purchasing documents:5.1.1 Type of material,5.1.2 Fabric weight, g/m2(oz/yd2),5.1.3 Type and material of fasteners (buttons, snaps, zippersor hook and loop fasteners),5.1.4 Reflective material sections (optional),5.1.5 Style and design or cat
40、alog number,5.1.6 Hood design (attached or detachable),5.1.7 Sizes,5.1.8 Color,5.1.9 Special identification markings (optional),5.1.10 Jacket length, trouser length (if applicable), trouser/jacket overlap (if applicable), and5.1.11 Notation of conformance to this specification.6. Materials and Manuf
41、acture6.1 The rainwear shall be designed and manufactured usingmaterials and seam constructions that meet the requirementsfor leak resistance in 7.3.6.2 Mechanical fastener closures, such as buttons or snaps,shall be designed and constructed so that they are covered bythe rainwear outer layer materi
42、al.6.2.1 This will result in the garment having a multiple layerconstruction in the area of the closure. This will also preventthe closure hardware from being directly exposed to thethermal hazard.NOTE 1In limited testing, it has been found some uncovered closuresmelt and fuse. Constructing the clos
43、ures so that they are covered asdescribed above is designed to mitigate the melting and fusing observedwith uncovered closures.7. Physical Performance Testing Procedures7.1 Test rainwear material for physical performance charac-teristics initially as manufactured or as received from themanufacturer
44、and after five cleaning and drying cycles unlessotherwise indicated.7.1.1 Clean and dry in accordance with care instructionsfrom the rainwear manufacturer.7.1.1.1 If no cleaning instructions are provided by therainwear manufacturer, clean and dry in accordance withAATCC Method 135 (3, IV A iii)7.1.2
45、 For limited use or disposable rainwear with careinstructions indicating the rainwear is not to be cleaned, test therainwear material sample only as received or as manufactured.7.2 Weight and Weight UniformityRainwear Material7.2.1 Determine the average weight in g/m2(oz/yd2)oftherainwear material s
46、ample submitted for the material testing in7.3, 7.4, and 7.5 (optional) in accordance with Test MethodD 3776, Option B. If a single sample of rainwear material isused for all of the designated tests, one average weightdetermination shall be done. If a different rainwear materialsample is used for on
47、e or more of the tests, a separate averageweight determination shall be done for each rainwear materialsample.7.2.1.1 Determine the average weight of each rainwearmaterial sample initially as received and after five cleaning anddrying cycles as described in 7.1.7.2.2 Determine weight uniformity acro
48、ss the width of therainwear material sample as received using the same tempera-ture and humidity preconditioning as required for D 3776,Option B.7.2.2.1 For each as received rainwear material sample forwhich the average weight was determined in accordance with7.2.1, take five specimens, each consist
49、ing of a circle ofrainwear material 89 mm (3.5 in.) in diameter at approximatelyequal spaced intervals diagonally across the width of therainwear material sample.7.2.2.2 Determine the weight in g/m2(oz/yd2) of each of thefive specimens.7.3 Leak ResistanceRainwear Material and Seams:7.3.1 Test the rainwear material in accordance with Speci-fication D 3393 at a water pressure of 207 kPa (30 psig).7.3.2 Test the seams of the rainwear material in accordancewith AATCC 127 test method at a water pressure of 20.7 kPa(3 psig) for 2 min.7.3.2.1 Use a pump
