1、Designation: F2780 09 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forDesign and Construction of Expanded Metal SecurityFences and Barriers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2780; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides assistance for the site securitydesigner to select the proper components required t
3、o design asite specific expanded metal physical security perimeter bar-rier.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thephysical protection security concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish the appropriate design for the
4、level of physicalprotection required and determine the applicability of regula-tory requirements or limitations prior to use.1.3 It is recommended that Specification F2548 to be usedin conjunction with this guide.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.2. Referenced D
5、ocuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2A121 Specification for Metallic-Coated Carbon SteelBarbed WireA123/A123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized)Coatings on Iron and Steel ProductsA307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, andThreaded Rod 60 000 PSI Tensile StrengthF626 Specification for Fence
6、 FittingsF1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatings onSteel Industrial Fence FrameworkF1083 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence StructuresF1910 Specification for Long Barbed Tape ObstaclesF2200 Specification for Automated Vehicular Gate
7、Con-structionF2548 Specification for Expanded Metal Fence Systems forSecurity PurposesF2656 Test Method for Vehicle Crash Testing of PerimeterBarriers2.2 US Dept. of Defense:UFC 4-010-01 United Facilities Criteria, DoD MinimumAntiterrorism Standards for BuildingsUFC 4-020-01 United Facilities Criter
8、ia, DoD Security En-gineering Facilities Planning Manual2.3 US Dept. of State:SD-STD-02.01 Revision A, March 2003 Test Method forVehicle Crash Gate Testing of Perimeter Barriers andGates2.4 General Services Administration:The Site Security Design Guide, U.S. General ServicesAdministration (GSA)2.5 A
9、merican Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE):ASCE/SEI 7-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings andOther Structures (Manufacturer shall demonstrate frame-work design for wind load criteria for the selection of lineposts and line post spacing)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standar
10、d:3.1.1 access controlfor the purposes of these standards,any combination of barriers, gates, electronic securityequipment, or guards, or a combination thereof, that can denyentry to unauthorized personnel or vehicles.3.1.2 active barrierabarrier that requires manual or mo-torized action to operate.
11、 Action barriers may be command orsensor activated to prevent or impede unauthorized passage.3.1.3 anti-ram vehicle barriera device or barrier thatprevents vehicle access to provide pedestrian protection and/orbuilding security. Anti-Ram vehicle barriers may be eitheractive or passive barriers. A ra
12、ted anti-ram barrier is aDepartment of State-approved perimeter barrier that does notexceed the defined penetration level for a 15,000-lb grossweight vehicle traveling perpendicular to the barrier at nominalspeeds of 50, 40, or 30 mph. Reference Test Method F2656 forperformance criteria.1This guide
13、is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.50 on High Security Fences andPerimeter Barriers.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2780 09. DOI
14、:10.1520/F2780-09R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H
15、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.4 assettangible or intangible items, personnel, or out-door gatherings, (in whole or in part), which may be subject tomanmade or natural hazards.3.1.5 barrieran object used to separate or impede themovement of a vehicle or
16、 pedestrian.3.1.6 design basis tacticsidentify the specific acts andmethods that the building and sites countermeasures mustprotect against and form the basis for the site security design.(U.S. General Services Administration)3.1.7 design criteriadefines the design direction thatemerges, based on in
17、puts from the risk assessment, consider-ation of the design basis tactics, and the required level ofprotection. (U.S. General Services Administration)3.1.8 level of protectionthe degree to which an asset (forexample, a person, a piece of equipment, or an object, etc.) isprotected against injury or d
18、amage from an attack.3.1.9 passive vehicle barrierstationary barriers creatingperimeter or edge protection, such as fixed bollards, concretewalls, concrete jersey barriers, concrete planters, boulders,excavations and ditches, vehicle restraint cable systems, kingtut blocks, bastion barriers, bin bar
19、riers, reinforced masonrywalls, berms, ponds/basins, existing trees, intrusion detectiondevices, and reinforced streetscape elements sculpture etc.Passive vehicle barriers have no moving parts. A passivevehicle barrier system consists of a permanent or portablestructure positioned to slow, delay or
20、deny access to a protectedsite or restricted area.3.1.10 perimeter barriera fence, gate, bollard, wall, fence,planter, other structure, or natural topographic feature thatprovides protection against a vehicle gaining access to acompound or facility.3.1.11 physical securitythe part of security concer
21、nedwith physical measures designed to safeguard personnel; toprevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations,material, and documents; and to safeguard against espionage,sabotage, damage and theft. (U.S. Army)3.1.12 portable barriera passive or active barrier de-signed to be removed and reloc
22、ated as required. Includes anymovable object that can be moved in place to stop themovement of vehicles and/or people.3.1.13 risk acceptancethe degree of risk associated withan asset or endeavor that a decision-maker perceives and willaccept under a given set of circumstances and with associatedcost
23、s.3.1.14 standoffthe area between a protected structure andthe perimeter protecting the asset against potential attacks.Sometimes referred to as setback. Distance from the insideedge of a barrier to the nearest surface of the building beingprotected.4. Summary of Guide4.1 It is the responsibility of
24、 the design team to consider thedesign criteria, understand the design basis tactics, and levelsof protection that shaped them, and provide effective andbalanced design solutions that respond to the threat.4.2 Concerns for security throughout the design process willidentify the need for appropriate
25、levels of protection around thesite perimeter, site access, required standoff distances, parking,and other specific assets. All of these areas may require someform of physical security to equally balance the level ofsecurity with an acceptable risk.4.3 Perimeter barriers are used to define the limit
26、s of aperimeter, standoff, activity, or area, to define ingress andegress points, to form a psychological deterrent, and toestablish an acceptable level of protection. They delay unau-thorized individuals to facilitate their apprehension by responseforces, direct traffic along designated routes of t
27、ravel forenhanced surveillance and control, and can preclude visualcompromise by unauthorized individuals.5. Design Criteria for Perimeter Fences and Barriers5.1 Cost EffectivenessBudgetary allotments for securityplans should be set after the performance requirements forfences and barriers have been
28、 determined.5.2 Determine the threat and risk acceptance. This standardguide should be used in conjunction with site-specific riskassessments as necessary to attain an appropriate level ofprotection from natural and or manmade hazards.5.3 Determine the level of security for the fence systemrequired
29、based on acceptable risk. Part of this determinationwould be the height of the fence. Fences used for the purposeof security shall be a minimum of 8-ft high.5.4 Determine the function for the fence or barrier based onthe application icons listed in Fig. 1.5.4.1 Expanded metal barriers may take diffe
30、rent forms andprovide perimeter security and access control to protect assets.Expanded metal fencing can be mounted on moveable K Ratedconcrete highway barriers creating active barriers that are alsoFIG. 1 ApplicationsF2780 09 (2014)2portable barriers to meet changing or evolving levels ofsecurity.
31、Reference Fig. 2.6. Materials and Sizes6.1 Expanded Metal Mesh Panels:6.1.1 Select the expanded mesh panel material from Table 1and Fig. 3. The panel descriptions listed in Fig. 3 arecommonly used with expanded metal fence systems used insecurity applications. Other patterns offering different sizes
32、 andshapes may be used as long as the mesh panel dimensions meetSpecification F2548.6.1.2 After selecting expanded metal mesh panels choosethe type of coating:6.1.2.1 Hot dip galvanized in accordance with SpecificationA123/A123M.6.2 Fence Framework:6.2.1 Terminal and Line Posts Determine the size an
33、dstrength of the fence framework. When designing a fence as aformidable structure intended to deny, deter and delay accessthe heightened level of security generally results in an increasein the height of the fence and or a reduction in the size of theopenings of the mesh. Both of these factors will
34、result in addedwind load resistance. Line post selection and the spacing of theposts should be designed to meet the anticipated wind loadsbased on the site geographical location and weather conditions.Increased post sizes or specific post spacing may be required tocompensate for wind loading or incr
35、eased security. Determinethe wind load requirements for a minimum 90 mph up to 150mph wind. For basic recommendations refer toASCE/SEI 7-05or consult the fence system manufacturer. After calculating thepost spacing and post dimensions select the post specificationand protective coating from Specific
36、ation F1043, Table 3,Heavy Industrial Fence Framework or Specification F1083.6.2.2 Gate posts shall be specified by the expanded metalfence manufacturer. Reference 6.6.6.3 Rails top, bottom, and intermediate rail(s) when speci-fied shall be in accordance with Specification F1043, Table 3,Heavy Indus
37、trial Fence Framework or Specification F1083.6.3.1 Top rail should be installed 8 in. below the top of theexpanded metal mesh panel and the bottom rail should beinstalled 8 in. above the bottom of the mesh panel.6.3.2 Constructed of an expanded metal fence greater than10 ft in height requires an int
38、ermediate rail.6.3.3 The intermediate rail shall be installed at a midpointbetween the top and bottom rails. When two panels are stackedto reach a required height the upper panel shall overlap thelower panel and be secured to a rail.6.4 FittingsFittings are to be in accordance with Specifi-cation F6
39、26. All fittings shall be steel having a hot dippedgalvanized coating with a minimum 1.20 oz/ft2of zinc coatingof the surface area.6.4.1 When an expanded metal mesh fence is supported bya chain link type framework, (vertical posts and horizontalrails) post caps, barb arms, offset line rail clamps ma
40、y berequired and shall be manufactured using pressed steel inaccordance with Specification F626.6.4.2 Consideration should be given to the overall strengthof the fittings used in a security fence system. There is a directrelationship between the strength of material connectors andthe level of securi
41、ty provided by the design of the fencesystem. For expanded metal security fences and barriersfittings securing the mesh to the framework shall be a mini-mum of 10GA steel and having a width of 1 in. Wire ties asused with chain link fencing are not acceptable for expandedmetal security fencing applic
42、ations.6.4.3 Barbed wire arms are available in various configura-tions to accommodate three to six strands of barbed wire, selectthe design to meet the security requirement.6.4.4 Barbed wire when specified select design number12-4-3-14R having 4-point barbs spaced 3 in. on center or12-4-5-14R having
43、 4-point barbs spaced 5 in. on center inaccordance with Specification A121.6.4.5 Barbed tape when specified, select the diameter, de-sign and configuration in accordance with Specification F1910.6.5 Threaded Fasteners:FIG. 2 Expanded Metal on Concrete BarriersPortable BarriersF2780 09 (2014)36.5.1 A
44、ll bolts securing fabric to framework or rails to posts,when applicable, shall be carriage bolts. All nuts and bolts,including those used on gates, hinges, latches, barbed arms,fittings, shall be installed having the nuts located on the insideof the secured area, and peened or welded to prevent easy
45、removal. Reference Specification A307 to further understandthe strength of the fasteners used in different expanded metalfence systems and the varying levels of security they mayprovide.6.6 Gates should be constructed with special attention to theadded weight of expanded metal. When specifying swing
46、gates, cantilever gates and or overhead slide gates contact theexpanded metal fence manufacturer for assistance.6.7 Post Setting:6.7.1 Set posts in concrete in holes of a diameter and depthas follows. Intended use, local conditions and codes shalldetermine post footing dimensions; that is, under nor
47、malconditions the diameter shall be four times the largest crosssection of the post. The depth shall be a minimum of 24 in. plusan additional 3 in. for each 1-ft increase in the fence heightover 4 ft.6.7.2 Dig or drill holes in the line of the fence in accordancewith 5.1. Forms are not necessary.6.7
48、.3 Set posts in a vertical position, plumb and in line.Backfill concrete (2500 psi minimum) into the excavation andextend 2 in. above grade. An alternative method is to stopfooting 2 in. below grade to allow for cover with sod, blacktop, or other materials. Crown the concrete at the top to shedwater
49、 and extend the concrete encasement a minimum of 2 in.below the bottom of the post.6.8 Installation of Anti-Ram Vehicle Barrier Systems:6.8.1 Passive anti-ram systems, when required, shall beintegrated with, attached to, or installed immediately behindthe fence system.6.8.2 K rated anti-vehicle crash gates when specified shallbe installed in compliance with SD-STD-02.01, Revision A,March 2003. It is recommended to specify an on goingpreventative maintenance program for each vehicle crashbarrier to ensure the barrier is always safe and functional.6.9 Additional Des
