1、Designation: F2786 10An American National StandardStandard Practice forField Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Pressure PipingSystems Using Gaseous Media Under Pressure (PneumaticLeak Testing)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2786; the number immediately following the designation
2、 indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides information on
3、 apparatus, safety,pre-test preparation and procedures for conducting field tests ofpolyethylene pressure piping systems after installation usinggaseous media such as unodorized inert non-toxic gas or air,and applying pressure to determine if leaks exist in the system(pneumatic leak testing). This p
4、ractice applies only to testing todiscover leakage. Testing for other purposes such as testing toestablish operating pressure is beyond the scope of thispractice.1.2 This practice does not address leak testing using pres-surized liquids (hydrostatic testing). For field leak testing usingpressurized
5、liquids, see Practice F2164.1.3 Leak testing with pressurized gaseous media shall beused only if one of the following conditions exists:1.3.1 The piping system is so designed that it cannot befilled with a liquid, or1.3.2 The piping system service cannot tolerate traces ofliquid testing media.1.4 Wh
6、ere hydrostatic testing is specified in contract docu-ments or by the authority having jurisdiction, pressurizedgaseous media (pneumatic) testing shall not be substitutedwithout the express consent and authorization of the authorityhaving jurisdiction.1.5 Some manufacturers prohibit or restrict pres
7、surizedgaseous media testing of their products. Contact componentmanufacturers for information about testing with gaseousmedia under pressure. Where the manufacturer of a test sectioncomponent prohibits or restricts pressurized gaseous mediatesting, pressurized gaseous media (pneumatic) testing shal
8、lnot be used without the express consent and authorization ofthe authority having jurisdiction and the component manufac-turer.NOTE 1Components that are not suitable for testing with gaseousmedia may not be suitable for service with pressurized gaseous media.1.6 This practice does not apply to leak
9、testing of non-pressure, negative pressure (vacuum), or non-PE piping sys-tems. For field acceptance testing of plastic gravity flow sewerlines, see Test Method F1417.1.7 This practice does not apply to fuel gas piping systemsthat extend from the point of delivery to the applianceconnections. For ot
10、her than undiluted liquefied petroleum gas(LP-Gas) systems, the point of delivery shall be considered tobe the outlet of the service meter assembly or the outlet of theservice regulator or service shutoff valve where no meter isprovided. For undiluted LP-Gas, the point of delivery shall beconsidered
11、 to be the outlet of the final pressure regulator,exclusive of line gas regulators, in the system. Testing for thesesystems can be found in NFPA 54 /ANSI Z223.1. This practicedoes not apply to LP-Gas systems covered under NFPA 58.1.8 This practice is intended for use with polyethylenepressure piping
12、 that conveys gaseous media under pressure(compressed gas) if the owner or operator or installer of theline does not have an established leak testing procedure that isacceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values g
13、iven in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard. Numbered notes and infor-mation in parentheses in the text of the practice are non-mandatory information. Table notes are mandatory informa-tion.1.10 WarningFailure duri
14、ng a pressure leak test can beextremely violent and dangerous especially where a com-pressed gaseous media is used. In a compressed gaseous mediatest, energy is applied to compress the gaseous media inaddition to pressurizing the system. If failure occurs, bothenergies can be suddenly released and c
15、an be extremely violentcompared to failure during leak testing with an incompressibleliquid testing media.NOTE 2To illustrate the violent hazard of failure, assumea5Hpcompressor is used to raise the test section to test pressure and that it takes1 h to achieve test pressure. If sudden rupture occurs
16、, energy release may1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. DOI:10.1520/F278610.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Ba
17、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.occur in 2 s. Therefore, the horsepower of the energy release would be 5HP 3 1h3 3600 sec/h/2s=9,000 Hp. Further, if diameter is doubled,energy release is four times greater. For an example test section that istwice the di
18、ameter, energy release would be 36,000 Hp.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulato
19、ry limitations prior to use. Additional safetyinformation is presented in Section 7 and throughout thispractice.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1417 Test Method for Installation
20、Acceptance of PlasticGravity Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure AirF2164 Practice for Field Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE)Pressure Piping Systems Using Hydrostatic Pressure2.2 Other Standard:3PPI TR-4 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code PPI Listing ofHydrostatic Design Basis (HDB), Pressure Design Bases(PDB
21、) and Minimum Required Strength (MRS) Ratingsfor Thermoplastic Piping MaterialsPPI Handbook of Polyethylene Pipe, Second Edition2.3 NFPA Standards:4NFPA 54 / ANSI Z223.1 National Fuel Gas CodeNFPA 58 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code3. Terminology3.1 Abbreviations and terms are in accordance with Termi-n
22、ology D1600 and Terminology F412 unless otherwise indi-cated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 authority having jurisdiction, nThe organization,office or individual responsible for 9approving9 equipment andinstallation, or a procedure.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe term 9authority havi
23、ng jurisdic-tion9 is used in this practice in a broad manner since jurisdic-tions and 9approval9 agencies vary, as do their responsibilities.Where public safety is concerned, the 9authority having juris-diction9 may be a federal, state, local or other regionaldepartment or individual such as a Fire
24、Chief, Fire Marshall,chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department, buildingofficial, or others having statutory authority. For insurancepurposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau orother insurance company representative may be the 9authorityhaving jurisdiction. In many circum
25、stances, the property owneror his authorized engineer or agent assumes the role of the9authority having jurisdiction9; at government installations, thecommanding officer or departmental official may be the 9au-thority having jurisdiction.93.2.2 approve, vAcceptable to or authorized by the au-thority
26、 having jurisdiction. (approved, approving, approval)3.2.3 authorized persons, nPersons that are fully in-formed of the testing procedure and hazards of field pressuretesting, and that are qualified to operate the onsite testingequipment, and that are qualified to perform onsite leakdetection.3.2.3.
27、1 DiscussionAuthorized persons may be agents orrepresentatives or inspectors for the authority having jurisdic-tion, or may be employees of the party conducting the test.Contract documents may identify responsibilities, but regard-less of assigned responsibilities, only authorized persons shallbe al
28、lowed in proximity of test sections when testing (perSection 9) is underway.3.2.4 pressure piping system, nA piping system where allcomponents in the system are pressure rated and intended forconveying a fluid under continuous internal pressure. (See alsoTerminology F412, pressure pipe, and non-pres
29、sure pipe.) Toverify suitability for pressure service, consult the componentmanufacturer.3.2.4.1 DiscussionPPI TR-4 provides information aboutstress ratings for some plastic materials and products.3.2.5 restraint, nTemporary or permanent structural mea-sures or devices that restrict, guide, prevent,
30、 or safely limitdisjoining and movement of the piping system and pipingcomponents while the system is under pressure during testingor service conditions. Restraint may include backfill, anchors,thrust blocks, external clamps and tie rods (joint restraints),pipe guides, etc.3.2.5.1 DiscussionRestrain
31、t means that if violent separa-tion or failure occurs during pressurization or testing, anymovement of components or parts is sufficiently constrained orprevented such that damage or injury is prevented.3.2.6 system design pressure, nThe limiting continuousinternal pressure specified by the piping s
32、ystem designer.System design pressure may be less than the pressure ratings ofcomponents in the system. System design pressure may belimited by component pressure ratings, by code or applicationrequirements, or by other restrictions.3.2.7 visible leakage, nThe visible escape (bubbles, drip,spray, st
33、ream, flow, etc.) of test fluid from the test sectionthrough components, joints, connections, appurtenances andthe like in the test section. Visibility of gaseous media leakageis enhanced by the application of leak detection fluid at joints,seals or seams where leakage is likely.4. Summary of Practi
34、ce4.1 The section of the piping system to be tested shall beisolated from other parts of the system, and shall be restrainedper 3.2.5 against disjoining and movement to prevent injury ordamage in the event of catastrophic failure. Components thatare not to be subjected to test pressure or that could
35、 bedamaged by test pressure shall be removed, or shall be isolatedand vented to atmosphere. The test section is filled with thegaseous testing media, raised to the test pressure and allowedto stabilize. The system is inspected or monitored for leakage,2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM w
36、ebsite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasti
37、cpipe.org.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.orgF2786 102and then test pressure is relieved. If repairs or corrections arenecessary, they are performed only when the test section isdepressurized. If necessary, retest
38、ing is performed after leakrepairs and a relaxation period. At the conclusion of anacceptable test (approval), the test section may be placed inservice. Purging or disposal of the gaseous testing media fromthe test section may be necessary.4.2 Test pressure and test duration are dependent on pipings
39、ystem volume and piping system temperature. The volume ofcompressed gaseous media available or compressor capacitywill determine the test section length that can be raised to testpressure within specified test duration and test pressure limits.Elevated temperatures anywhere in the test section espec
40、iallywhere test section areas are exposed to sunlight heating requirereduced test pressure.4.3 Acceptance is determined by the approval of the author-ity having jurisdiction.4.4 If applicable, the authority having jurisdiction specifiesprocedures or requirements for gaseous testing media disposalor
41、containment during depressurizing or purging.5. Significance and Use5.1 If required by the authority having jurisdiction, pressur-ized gaseous media leak testing may be conducted afterinstallation to discover and correct leaks or faults in a newlyconstructed or modified polyethylene pressure piping
42、systembefore placing the system in service. Leakage or faults usuallyoccur at connections, joints, and mechanical seals wheresealing under pressure is required.5.2 Safety is of paramount importance when conductingpressurized gaseous media leak tests because testing resultsinclude no leaks, leaks, su
43、dden violent rupture, or catastrophicfailure.5.3 Systems that contain lower pressure rated or non-pressure rated components that cannot be isolated or removedfrom exposure to test pressure, or where temporary caps orclosures are not practical, are not suitable for testing inaccordance with this prac
44、tice.5.4 Leakage AllowanceLeakage is not allowed for jointsincluding butt, socket and saddle fusion, electrofusion, andrestrained gas-tight mechanical joints. See 7.6.5.5 Other types of joints, connections, or components hav-ing seals in the system may have a leakage allowance. Contactthe joint, con
45、nection or component manufacturer for informa-tion.5.6 Poisson-Effect Expansion and ContractionWhen testpressure is applied to plastic piping systems that have fullyrestrained joints such as heat fusion, electrofusion, boltedflanges, etc., reduction of overall length or an increase inlongitudinal st
46、ress results from diametrical expansion of thepipe. Disjoining (pull-out) of partially restrained or non-restrained connections or joints such as bell-and-spigot jointshaving insufficient resistance to pull-out stress or lengthreduction is possible when such joints are in-line with the testsection.
47、To prevent Poisson-effect disjoining, take measuressuch as installing external joint restraints (diametrical clampsand tie-rods) across in-line partially restrained or non-restrained joints, installing in-line thrust anchors at the ends offully restrained piping sections, or isolating a fully restra
48、inedtest section from piping with nonrestrained or partially re-strained joints.NOTE 3A tensile stress is applied to a material will cause elongationin the direction of the applied stress, and will cause a decrease indimension at right angles to the direction of the applied stress. The ratioof decre
49、ase to elongation is the Poisson ratio. Under test pressure, pipingmaterials will expand slightly in diameter and contract in length slightlyaccording to the Poisson ratio of the material.6. Apparatus and Equipment6.1 Components such as caps, valves, blind flanges, andother devices that are used to isolate the test section from otherparts of the system, and to isolate components that are not to besubjected to test pressure are required.6.1.1 Test section isolation and closure components shall berated for pressures equal to or greater than the test pressureapplied
