1、Designation: F2917 11Standard Specification forBicycle Trailer Cycles Designed for Human Passengers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2917; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers trailer cycles, intended to bepulled behind bicycles, with seat post attachment, in order totransport ch
3、ildren. It includes test methods for confirming thatthis specification is satisfied.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The units given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 The following safety caveat applies to the chemical,mechanical, or physical, or a combin
4、ation thereof, test meth-ods described herein and is meant specifically for thoseperforming the tests (in an effort to provide them with notice totake the appropriate precautions when conducting the tests).This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with i
5、ts use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD1230 Test Method fo
6、r Flammability of Apparel Textiles3D4329 Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of PlasticsF2043 Classification for Bicycle UsageG23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials32.2 ANSI Standards:4ANSI Z535.4 Product Safe
7、ty Signs and LabelsANSI Z535.6 Product Safety Information in Product Manu-als, Instructions, and Other Collateral Materials2.3 Federal Standards:5Title 16, CFR 1303 Lead in CoatingsTitle 16, CFR 1500.3(b)(4)(i) Hazardous SubstanceTitle 16, CFR 1500.48 Sharp PointsTitle 16, CFR 1500.49 Sharp EdgesTit
8、le 16, CFR 1501 Small PartsTitle 16, CFR 1512 Requirements for Bicycles, Sections:1512.18(n), Reflector Test3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 lead bicyclethe bicycle used to tow the trailer cycle.3.1.2 normal useapplications described as intended usefor the produ
9、ct found within the manufacturers instructionalliterature.3.1.3 normal use temperaturestemperature range withinwhich it should be anticipated that the trailer cycle may be usedto transport children. The range is from 7 to +50C (62).3.1.4 occupanta child or person who is riding the trailercycle.3.1.5
10、 ridera person who controls the lead bicycle towhich the trailer cycle is attached, and who is responsible forcontrol of the trailer cycle.3.1.6 trailer cyclea transporting device, with a single rearwheel, designed to provide a tandem bicycle riding experiencefor one or two children. The device incl
11、udes the fasteningarrangements for attaching and towing it behind a lead bicycle.3.1.7 useful product lifecycleallowable range of time forcontinued use of a product from the date of manufacture asdescribed within the manufacturers instructional literature.4. Requirements4.1 GeneralTrailer cycles sha
12、ll be designed and manufac-tured such that components with which an occupant may comein contact do not cause injury when used in accordance withthe manufacturers instructions. Exposed surfaces shall be freefrom burrs, sharp edges, and points. Refer to Title 16, CFR1500, Parts 48 and 49, and Title 16
13、, CFR 1501. Trailer cyclesshall be equipped with rear reflectors; pedal reflectors; sidereflectors on the wheel. Refer to Title 16, CFR 1512, Parts 16and 18(n).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Su
14、bcommittee F08.10 onBicycles.Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published August 2011. DOI: 10.1520/F2917-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
15、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from U.S. Gover
16、nment Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 EquipmentTrailer cycles shall be equipped wi
17、th thefollowing equipment: handlebar, seat, pedals, and a drivetrainto provide human power to the rear wheel. The seatpost shallhave a minimum insertion marking as defined in Title 16, CFR1512.4.3 Materials:4.3.1 All nonmetallic materials that compose structuralcomponents will be subjected to either
18、 (1) 100 h of acceleratedweathering in accordance with Method 1 of Practice G23,or(2) 60 h of accelerated weathering in accordance with PracticeD4329 prior to any testing.4.3.2 All painted materials shall comply with Title 16, CFR1303.4.3.3 Mechanical properties of materials used in the con-structio
19、n of trailer cycles shall not fail as a result of exposureto the temperature variances defined as normal use tempera-tures in 3.1.6 under normal use applications or within usefulproduct lifecycle.4.3.4 Materials known to be a hazardous substance, asdefined in Title 16, CFR 1500.3(b)(4)(i), shall not
20、 be used.5. Test Methods5.1 Test OrderPerform the lean angle test first, thentorsion fatigue test, and then the bump fatigue test on the samesample.5.2 Lean Angle Test:5.2.1 With the trailer cycle attached to a dummy lead bikesimulated by a post mounted to a hinge on the floor as in Fig.1, lean the
21、lead bicycle 25 in each direction.5.2.2 Ensure the trailer cycle pedals, with the foot surface ofthe pedal horizontal and the pedal crank in its lowest position,do not hit the ground.5.3 Torsion Fatigue TestThe trailer cycle shall bemounted for fatigue testing as in Fig. 2.5.3.1 The trailer cycle wh
22、eel is removed.5.3.2 A fixture is created to apply a displacement loadperpendicular to the ground and perpendicular to the centerlineof the trailer cycle, through the rear wheel dropouts.FIG. 1 Lean Angle Test FixtureFIG. 2 Torsion Fatigue Test of the Trailer Cycle with Connectionto Dummy SeatpostF2
23、917 1125.3.3 The trailer cycle shall be mounted vertically to arigidly mounted dummy seatpost set at 71 6 2 from horizon-tal at the minimum height recommended by the manufacturer.5.3.4 A fully reversing torsion load shall be applied to thetrailer cycle calculated as follows:Torsion Load 5 (1)137 Nm/
24、31.75 kg!3maximum recommended occupant weight for trailer cycle in kg!5.3.5 The test shall be repeated for a total of 20 000 cycles.5.3.6 During testing, the technician shall look for cracks orfractures or separation on the entire unit. If the trailer cyclehitch is slipping, the test shall be paused
25、 and the trailer cycleshall be realigned to vertical.5.3.7 Remove the trailer cycle from the test equipment andinspect the frame assembly. No part of the assembly shall havefailed, or have a visible fracture or crack.5.4 Bump Fatigue Test:5.4.1 The trailer cycle shall be tested as in Fig. 3.5.4.2 Th
26、e trailer cycle shall be fitted with weights totaling125 % of the maximum recommended weight, and distributedas in Fig. 3. Load B shall be applied to one side of thehandlebar. It shall be mounted to the handlebar directly, andpositioned so the weight is centered 50 mm from the outsideend of the hand
27、lebar.5.4.3 The tire shall be inflated to the maximum pressure perthe trailer cycle manufacturer.5.4.4 The test equipment shall be capable of simulating thepassing of the trailer cycle over a bump. The device is aflywheel or drum tester with the trailer cycle positioned so thewheel sits atop the fly
28、wheel. The wheel axle shall be aligned 30to 45 mm behind the axis of the flywheel. The flywheel shallhave a minimum circumference of 2.2 m (diameter of 700mm). The flywheel shall be round within a tolerance of lessthan 5 mm. The flywheel may have multiple bumps only if therunning distance between bu
29、mps is greater than 2.2 m. Thehorizontal speed at which the trailers axle approaches thebump shall be no more than 13 km/h (8 mph) and no less than12 km/h (7.5 mph). Mount the trailer cycle onto the testequipment as previously described, and conduct the test for10 000 cycles of the wheel passing ove
30、r the bump(s). Thetrailer cycle shall be mounted to be as close to vertical aspossible. The hitch shall be mounted at the lowest height perthe manufacturer typical of recommended use. The drumshould be turning at test speed, and then the trailer cyclelowered onto the moving drum. The test initially
31、shall be rununder observation for 5 min, and then stopped and the trailercycle inspected. The test shall then run 25 min, stopped forinspection and thereafter the trailer cycle shall be inspectedFIG. 3 Load Positioning for Bump Fatigue TestF2917 113every 60 min. During inspection the technician shal
32、l look forframe cracks and any signs of deformation on the entire unit. Ifthe hitch slips, resulting in less than vertical alignment, thetrailer cycle shall be realigned to vertical. All notes shall berecorded on the report.5.4.5 Record the hitch mounting height, and where themeasurement was taken.5
33、.4.6 Testing shall be stopped at 10 000 cycles or failure.5.4.7 Remove the trailer cycle from the test equipment andinspect the wheel and frame assemblies. No part of theseassemblies shall have failed, or have a visible fracture or crack.6. Marking, Labeling, and Instructions6.1 GeneralAll trailer c
34、ycles shall be permanentlymarked with information concerning the safe usage of thetrailer cycle. The markings shall be in locations easily visibleto the user. The trailer cycle shall also be accompanied byinstructions on the proper assembly (where assembly is re-quired), attachment, usage, removal,
35、disassembly, storage, andmaintenance of the trailer cycle, and general bicycle safety.Instructions shall be written in the native language(s) of thecountry(s) in which the trailer will be offered for sale, andattached to the trailer, at the time of purchase.6.2 Where Cautions, Warnings, or Danger si
36、gnals are at-tached to the trailer cycle, they shall comply with the require-ments of ANSI Z535.4. Where Cautions, Warnings, or Dangersignals are in collateral materials, they shall comply withANSI Z535.6.6.3 Marking and LabelingAll trailer cycles shall be per-manently marked with durable materials,
37、 resistant to weather,fading, and abrasion with the following information:6.3.1 Name and address of the manufacturer or importer.6.3.2 Month and year of manufacture.6.3.3 Recommended maximum safe towing speed.6.3.4 Where the trailer cycle manufacturer requires a differ-ent pressure than that provide
38、d by the tire manufacturer, a labelshall be present within 50 mm of the tire valve.6.3.5 Maximum weight capacity of trailer cycle.6.3.6 Required passenger-fitted safety equipment, includinga helmet that complies with a recognized bicycle helmetperformance standard.6.3.7 Conditions for use including
39、proper attachment to leadbike, and fastener check, and a reference to the owners manual.6.3.8 Fig. 4 is an example of a typical label.6.4 Instructions:6.4.1 AssemblyIf the trailer cycle is sold in an unas-sembled or partially assembled condition, the manufacturershall provide instructions on how to
40、complete the assembly sothat the trailer cycle can be attached to the bicycle and be readyto accept passengers.6.4.2 AttachmentThe instructions shall include informa-tion on the procedures to follow in attaching the trailer cycle tothe lead bicycle.6.4.3 Suitability of Lead BicycleThe instructions s
41、hallidentify the features of the lead bicycle required for propercoupling and list the features suggested for proper towing (forexample, good brakes, wheel size, etc.).6.4.4 UsageThe instructions shall provide the user withdetailed information on how to use the trailer cycle properlyand safely. The
42、following information is the minimum requiredfor compliance with this specification:6.4.4.1 Maximum weight capacity of the trailer cycle, andratio of lead bike rider weight to trailer cycle rider weight.6.4.4.2 General instructions on riding a bicycle while pull-ing a trailer cycle, including:(1) Ma
43、ximum safe operating speed, both straight line andcornering.(2) Decreased braking performance and longer stoppingdistances.6.4.4.3 Use of available safety equipment (such as reflec-tors, lights, and certified helmets).6.4.4.4 Minimum age or physical condition requirementsfor the passenger(s).6.4.4.5
44、 Explicit information on how the attachment of thetrailer cycle and the added weight of its passenger(s) affect thehandling characteristics of the lead bicycle to which it isattached.6.4.4.6 A recommendation to the user that the lead bicycleundergo a safety check by a qualified bicycle mechanic befo
45、reattaching the trailer cycle to it.6.4.4.7 Information concerning road, weather, or other con-ditions under which the trailer cycle should not be used.6.4.4.8 Proper inflation level for trailer cycle tires.6.4.5 RemovalThe instructions shall contain informationto the user regarding proper detachmen
46、t of the trailer cyclefrom the lead bicycle.6.4.6 Disassembly and Storage:6.4.6.1 If the trailer cycle requires partial or completedisassembly for storage after removal from the lead bicycle,NOTEThe rider weight limit and any other values or websites are provided by the manufacturer of the trailer c
47、ycle.FIG. 4 Typical Warning LabelF2917 114the instructions shall contain detailed information on thedisassembly procedures.6.4.6.2 The instructions shall also include any specificinformation necessary for the safe storage of the trailer cyclebetween uses, including any safety checks of components pr
48、iorto the next usage.6.4.7 MaintenanceIf any routine or special maintenanceis required or recommended by the manufacturer, the instruc-tions shall set forth the items to be maintained and themaintenance frequency for each, and state whether this main-tenance can be performed by the owner or is to be
49、 done by aprofessional bicycle mechanic.6.4.8 CartonIf the trailer cycle is sold in a carton, theexterior of the carton must contain:Tools required for assemblyFit range of the trailer cycle riderMaximum weight of the trailer cycle riderManufacturer contact informationA warning label as described in section 6.36.4.9 WarningsThe following warning statements shall beaddressed in an instruction manual provided with the trailercycle.6.4.9.1 Instructions not to install a second trailer cycle, ortrailer, to the trailer cycle attached to the lead bicycl
