1、Designation: F2928 13Standard Practice forSpecimens and Testing Conditions for Testing Polyethylene(PE) Pipe Butt Fusions Using Tensile and Hydrostatic TestMethods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2928; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides standardized sample butt fusionpreparation,
3、 conditioning, and testing conditions for tensiontesting of specimens prepared from sample butt fusion joints orhydrostatic tests of sample butt fusion joints in accordancewith:1.1.1 Test Method D638, tension testing;1.1.1.1 The preparation or use of tensile specimens otherthan Test Method D638 Type
4、 I through Type V is beyond thescope of this practice.1.2 Test Method D1598, constant (sustained) hydraulicpressure testing;1.3 Test Method D1599, short-term hydraulic pressure test-ing.1.4 It is not within the scope of this practice to includeplastic materials other than polyethylene or other tests
5、 for buttfusions. The exclusion of other plastic materials and other testsdoes not imply that other plastic materials are suitable orunsuitable for butt fusion, or that the tests cited herein areadequate or inadequate for qualitative characterization and forresearch and development of butt fusion jo
6、ints, or that othertests do not have lesser, equal, or greater utility for suchpurpose.1.5 The evaluation of test results and the determination oftest result evaluation criteria are not within the scope of thispractice. This practice is limited to standardized butt fusion testspecimens and testing c
7、onditions for the comparison of testdata from multiple parties.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 In this standard,
8、text in parentheses, notes in the body ofthe standard and appendices are informational and non-mandatory. For tables in the body of the standard, table notesare mandatory.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
9、 of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastic
10、sD1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic PipeUnder Constant Internal PressureD1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time HydraulicPressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and FittingsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF
11、2620 Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipeand Fittings2.2 PPI Standards:3PPI2 TR-3 Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydro-static Design Basis (HDB), Pressure Design Basis (PDB),Strength Design Basis (SDB), and Minimum RequiredStrength (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Mate
12、-rials or PipePPI TR-33 Generic Butt Fusion Joining Procedure for FieldJoining of Polyethylene Pipe3. Terminology3.1 Definitions shall be in accordance with TerminologyF412, Test Method D638, Test Method D1598, and Test1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping S
13、ystems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013. Published August 2013. DOI: 10.1520/F2928132For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
14、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
15、n, PA 19428-2959. United States1Method D1599 as applicable. Abbreviations shall be in accor-dance with Terminology D1600.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 failure, hydraulic, nany continuous loss of pressurewith or without the transmission of test fluid through the bodyof the
16、specimen under test.3.2.2 ductile failure, hydraulic, nthe continuous loss ofpressure through a break in the pipe specimen under test wherelocalized expansion (deformation, elongation, necking down,or ballooning) of the pipe wall at the break is apparent.3.2.3 non-ductile failure, hydraulic, nthe co
17、ntinuous lossof pressure through a break in the pipe specimen under testwhere localized expansion (deformation, elongation, neckingdown, or ballooning) of the pipe wall at the break is notapparent.3.2.4 pressure depletion, hydraulic, na temporary loss oftest sample source pressurization due to equip
18、ment or controlfailure, power loss, etc.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice specifies procedures for preparing samplebutt fusions, preparing test specimens from sample buttfusions, sample and specimen conditioning, and requirementsfor testing sample butt fusions or specimens from sample buttfusi
19、ons in accordance with Test Method D638, Test MethodD1598, and Test Method D1599.4.2 Alternate testing conditions for research, developmentor other purposes are allowed.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice provides requirements for standardizedpreparation of sample butt fusions, preparation of s
20、pecimensfrom sample butt fusions, and conditioning for testing inaccordance with Test Method D638, Test Method D1598,orTest Method D1599. This practice is intended to improve theability to reliably compare test results from multiple parties.6. Sample Butt Fusions6.1 Sample PreparationEach sample but
21、t fusion shall beat least two lengths of PE pipe that are joined together inaccordance with a butt fusion joining procedure that has beenselected by the parties involved. All pipe lengths in the samplebutt fusion shall be the same length plus or minus five percent.The minimum pipe length shall be as
22、 specified in 7.1 or 8.1.2or 9.1.2.6.1.1 Multiple Joint Sample Butt FusionsFor Test MethodD1598 or D1599, sample butt fusions containing multiple buttfusion joints shall be acceptable. The pipe length between buttfusion joints shall be the same length plus or minus five percentand shall not be less
23、than the minimum pipe length specified in8.1.2 or 9.1.2. The overall length of multiple joint sample buttfusions shall not exceed testing equipment capabilities.6.2 Sample butt fusions shall be conditioned to the testtemperature in accordance with Table 1.NOTE 1Butt fusion procedures such as Practic
24、e F2620 require coolingthe fusion joint to ambient temperature before pulling, installation orrough handling. Conditioning in this practice is intended to stabilize testsamples to test temperature. Additional conditioning time may be neces-sary when testing at temperatures significantly above or bel
25、ow 73F(23C), or when samples have been temporarily stored at temperaturessignificantly above or below test temperature.6.3 Each sample butt fusion shall be marked, labeled,tagged or otherwise identified so that information relating tothe sample butt fusion joint such as date, time, operator,location
26、, joining procedure, pipe material, etc., and testingresults will be cross-referenced and documented.6.3.1 Each Test Method D638 tension test specimen shall bemarked, labeled, tagged or otherwise identified so that infor-mation relating to the tension test specimen such as date, time,operator, locat
27、ion, joining procedure, pipe material, etc., andtesting results will be crossreferenced and documented.7. Tension Testing7.1 Tension Test Specimen PreparationPrepare samplebutt fusions in accordance with Section 6 and 7.1.1. Preparetension test specimens from the sample butt fusions in accor-dance w
28、ith 7.1.3-7.1.5 .7.1.1 The minimum pipe length on each side of the buttfusion shall be at least 6-in (152 mm) so that the sample buttfusion is at least 12-in (305 mm) in overall length.7.1.2 For pipe smaller than 1-in (25 mm) outside diameter,each sample butt fusion shall be cut longitudinally in ha
29、lf. Forpipe 1-in (25 mm) outside diameter and larger, each samplebutt fusion shall be cut longitudinally into quadrants.7.1.3 Depending on pipe wall thickness and the Test MethodD638 specimen type, tension test specimens are prepared fromall or parts of the pipe wall. Where wall thickness exceeds th
30、ethickness of the chosen Test Method D638 specimen type, pipewall is machined away to achieve the thickness specified forthe Test Method D638 specimen type.NOTE 2Where the thickness of the Test Method D638 specimen typespans all or most of the pipe wall thickness, equal amounts of inside wallTABLE 1
31、 Minimum Sample Butt Fusion Conditioning TimeMinimum Conditioning Time in Medium at Test TemperaturePipe Wall ThicknessACirculating water per Practice D618, Procedure D Circulating air per Practice D618, Procedure A#1-in (#25 mm) 1 h 4 h1 in (250 mm) to #2.5in(64mm) 2h 8h2.5 in (64 mm) to #4 in (102
32、 mm) 3 h 12 h4 in (102 mm) 4 h 16 hAFor butt fusions between unequal wall thickness pipes, use the greater wall thickness of the two pipes.F2928 132thickness and outside wall thickness are removed to achieve the requiredspecimen thickness.7.1.3.1 From each sample butt fusion half or quadrant,machine
33、 Type I, II, III, IV or V test specimens in accordancewith Test Method D638.(Note 3) The butt fusion shall be in thecenter of the test specimen gauge length. The center shall behalf the gauge length plus or minus five percent of the gaugelength. Pipe wall curvature shall be ignored.NOTE 3Tension tes
34、t specimens should be the same type. Tensiontesting results from different tension specimen types may not be compa-rable. The specimen type should be determined by agreement among theinvolved parties.7.1.3.2 For pipe wall thickness less than or equal to TestMethod D638 tension specimen thickness, ma
35、chine tension testspecimens using the full wall thickness. Pipe wall curvature inthe gauge area shall be ignored. Machining to remove pipe wallcurvature in the grip area is permissible.7.1.3.3 For pipe wall thickness greater than Test methodD638 tension specimen thickness but less than three timeste
36、nsion specimen thickness, and where the parties have notdetermined a specific wall area such as outside, middle orinside wall for testing, specimens shall be prepared from thecenter of the pipe wall. Machine Type I, II, III, IV or V tensiontest specimens, and for the length of the tension test speci
37、men,remove equal amounts of material from the pipe outsidesurface and the pipe inside surface so that the tension testspecimen gauge area thickness is from the center of the pipewall.7.1.3.4 For pipe wall thickness greater than three timesspecimen thickness, section the pipe wall into one-thirdsecti
38、ons, for example, outer one-third, middle one-third, andinner one-third, and prepare tension test specimens from theouter, middle, and inner pipe wall.NOTE 4Where greater wall thickness and specimen type permit,additional specimens from between the inner and middle wall and frombetween the middle an
39、d outer wall (for example, one-fifth thicknesssections) may be prepared to provide additional data.7.1.4 Tension test specimen machining shall producesmooth surfaces in the gauge length area. Machining toolmarks in the distance between the grips (see Test MethodD638, Fig. 1) shall be parallel to the
40、 long axis of the tensilespecimen. Machining tool marks in the distance between thegrips that are not parallel to the long axis of the tensilespecimen shall be smoothed with abrasive paper (No. 00 orfiner). Finish sanding strokes shall be made in a direction thatis parallel to the long axis of the t
41、ension test specimen. Fusionbead removal during specimen machining shall be acceptable.There shall be no indented printline pipe markings in thetension test specimen gauge area.7.1.5 Fusion beadsThe presence or absence of fusionbeads on tensile specimens shall be by agreement among theparties making
42、 and testing the joints. All tensile specimens fora test set shall be consistent with both, one outside or oneinside, or no fusion beads.7.2 Tension Test Specimen ConditioningTension testspecimens shall be conditioned in air in accordance withPractice D618, Procedure A for not less than 4 hours at t
43、hetesting temperature without regard to humidity, or in water inaccordance with Practice D618, Procedure D for not less thanone hour at the testing temperature.7.3 TestingTension test specimens shall be tested in ac-cordance with Test Method D638. Unless otherwise specified,the test shall be conduct
44、ed at 73F (23C), and the gripseparation rate shall be 2 in/min (50 mm/min). Testing at analternate temperature or grip separation rate shall be byagreement among the parties making and testing the joints.7.3.1 Gauge area measurementMeasure the width andthickness of the tension test specimen in the g
45、auge area to thenearest 0.001 in (0.025 mm) using a measuring device such asa micrometer caliper. Measurements shall be taken at bothsides of the fusion, excluding fusion beads if present, and thesmaller measurement shall be used to calculate the crosssection of the gauge area. Calculate and record
46、the gauge areacross section by multiplying the minimum width and thicknessmeasurements.7.3.2 Record the load and extension curve of the specimen7.3.3 Record the load and extension at the yield point andthe load and extension at the moment of specimen separation.7.3.3.1 If testing is discontinued bef
47、ore specimenseparation, record the load and extension at the moment the testis discontinued.7.4 Calculations and Report:7.4.1 Calculate tensile strength at yield by dividing themaximum load in pounds-force (newtons) by the gauge areacross section. Report the results in pounds-force per squareinch (p
48、ascals) to three significant figures for tensile strength atyield and tensile strength at break. If there is no apparentyielding, report tensile strength at separation and indicate thatseparation was without apparent yielding.7.4.2 If the specimen separates, calculate tensile strength atseparation b
49、y dividing the maximum load in pounds-force(newtons) by the gauge area cross section. Report the results inpounds-force per square inch (pascals) to three significantfigures for tensile strength at separation. If there is no apparentyielding, report tensile strength at separation and indicate thatseparation was without apparent yielding.7.4.3 Percent elongation calculations. (Note 5.)7.4.3.1 Calculate percent elongation at separation, or if thetest is discontinued before separation, calculate percent elon-gation and report that the test was discontinued before sep
