1、Designation: F2985 14Standard Practice forInstallation of a PVC Segmental Panel Liner System in Man-Entry Size Sewers and Conduits1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2985; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The practice describes the procedures for the rehabili-tation of gravity pipes, culverts, tunnels,
3、and conduits by theinstallation of a field-fabricated PVC liner system. Afterinstallation of the liner system, cementitious grout is pumpedinto the annular space between the liner and the host structure.The rehabilitation of the host structure by this installationpractice results in a rigid composit
4、e structure (PVC liner/grout/existing pipe). This type of rehabilitation process is suitable fora variety of gravity pipe applications such as storm sewers,sanitary sewers, and culverts; and with geometries includingcircular, egg, ovoid, elliptical, arch, and site-specific compositeshapes.1.2 The va
5、lues stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wit
6、h its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement
7、Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C827/C827M Test Method for Change in Height at EarlyAges of Cylindrical Specimens of Cementitious MixturesF2984 Specification for Segmental Panel System for theGrout-in-Place-Liner (GIPL) Rehabilitation Method ofExisting Man-Entry Size Sewers, Culverts, an
8、d Conduits3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cementitious grout, nthe cementitious grout materialis a mixture of Type B Portland cement, sand, and variousadmixtures designed to perform in a wet environment.3.1.2 panel assembly hardware, nthe connecting longscrew rods, bolts, and nuts made from carb
9、on steel meetingSAEs classification No. 1020 with uni-chrome plating.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe uni-chroming process depositschromium onto the surface of the steel producing ananticorrosion, crack-free barrier that is compliant with thestrain properties of the steel.3.1.3 PVC liner, na tubular assembly f
10、ield fabricated frominjection molded PVC profile wall segments which are boltedtogether to form circumferential rings which are then joinedtogether such that some portion of the entire inner circumfer-ence of the host structure is isolated from the fluid beingtransported.3.1.4 PVC segmental panels,
11、nan injection molded ele-ment available in various geometries, consisting of a smoothinner surface and a ribbed outer surface (profile) with edgeconfigurations to allow precise mechanical locking and sealingof adjacent panels.4. Significance and Use Summary of Practice4.1 This practice is for use by
12、 engineers and ownersinvolved in the rehabilitation of gravity piping, conduits, andsmall-scale tunnels. This practice conveys the necessary globalinformation for the proper installation of a grout in place linersystem that can lead to a full restoration of the original hostsoil-structure interactio
13、n system when properly designed by thelocal practicing engineer. In addition, this practice will alsoprovide guidance to the design professional on how to addressany modifications that must be made for any unique site-specific job conditions.5. Materials5.1 The injection-molded PVC panel segments an
14、d relatedsmall parts used for the field fabrication of the PVC liner shallmeet the requirements in Specification F2984. The injection-molded PVC panel segments shall be sufficiently translucent soas to allow grout filling operations to be visually monitored.1This practice is under the jurisdiction o
15、f ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 onTrenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published January 2015. DOI: 10.1520/F2985-142For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orc
16、ontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 The adhesive/sea
17、lant used in the joining process of thepanel pieces shall be polyurethane, mono-liquid, moisturesetting type flexible gasket material.5.3 The panel assembly hardware shall consist of carbonsteel bolts, threaded rods, and nuts (long and standard) meetingthe SAE classification 1020 that have been plat
18、ed using theunichrome process or an approved equal.5.4 The cementitious grout shall be a self-consolidatingmixture of Type B Portland cement, sand, and various admix-tures (shrinkage resistant and water-reducing agent, anti-foaming agent and viscosity promoter) that is displaysinseparable, constant,
19、 and insoluble characteristics when in thepresence of water. Grout mixtures that bleed are not acceptable.Maximum particle size of the sand used shall be 0.047 in. (1.2mm). The cementitious grout shall exhibit no shrinkage beforeor after hardening when measured in accordance with TestMethod C827/C82
20、7M. The compressive strength of the groutshall be a minimum of 5000 psi at 28 days or as required perthe design of the composite liner system for the site-specificconditions encountered.6. Installation6.1 Cleaning and Inspection:6.1.1 Prior to entering access areas such as manholes andperforming ins
21、pection or cleaning operations, an evaluation ofthe atmosphere to determine the presence of toxic or flammablevapors or lack of oxygen shall be undertaken in accordancewith local, state, and federal safety and confined space entryregulations.6.1.2 Cleaning of PipelineInternal debris shall be re-move
22、d from the existing pipeline. Additionally, the wallsurfaces shall be water blasted using a minimum of 3000 psi atthe nozzle held at a distance of 6 in. (152.4 mm) to ensure thatthe exposed wall is free from contamination of foreign mate-rials and corrosion products and that the resultant surface th
23、atthe grout will bond to is hard, competent material.6.1.3 Inspection of the PipelineInspection of the pipelineor structure shall be performed by experienced personneltrained in locating and identifying conditions that must beaddressed in the design of the grout in place liner system.Specifically, t
24、he interior of the pipe or structure shall becarefully inspected to determine the location of any conditionsthat may prevent or adversely impact proper installation of thePVC liner such as protruding service connections, missingbrick or pipe wall pieces, variations in horizontal and verticalalignmen
25、t (sags, offset joints, open joints, bends, etc), majordeviations to the original geometry, and groundwater infiltra-tion (weepers, gushers, etc). Unacceptable conditions shall benoted, and as appropriate, corrected prior to installation of thePVC liner.6.1.4 Line ObstructionsThe existing pipeline o
26、r structureshall be clear of obstructions that will prevent the properplacement of the PVC liner. If the inspection reveals anobstruction that cannot be removed by conventional meansinternally, a point repair excavation shall be made to uncoverand remove or resolve the obstructing condition.6.1.5 By
27、passingThe PVC liner process does not require adry pipeline or structure. Installation with some flow in theexisting pipe or from any lateral connections is acceptable.However, if the flow in the pipeline is deeper than 10 in. (254mm), bypassing of the flow around the reach of the pipelinebeing reha
28、bilitated is required.6.2 PVC Liner Installation:6.2.1 Liner InstallationThe segmental panel pieces shallbe ordered to cover the portion of the circumference asspecified and shown on the project plans: fitting as near as ispractical to the internal circumference of the structure to belined or to pro
29、duce the required annulus (space between theliner and the pipe wall). The panel segments shall be joinedinto rings using the fastening hardware provided by the panelsystem manufacturer. The panel assembly hardware shall besecurely tightened to the manufacturers stated requirementsusing an approved t
30、orque wrench. Prior to joining the segmentstogether, a small bead of the sealant material will be placed inthe female groove of the surfaces to be joined. The rings shallthen be transported to the liner installation location. The ringsshall be assembled to form a liner segment that will beshimmed in
31、 place to the specified line and grade of the finishedPVC liner. Prior to joining the rings together, a small bead ofsealant material will be placed in the female groove of theadjoining rings mating surface. The joints of the segments inadjacent rings will be staggered where practical (See Fig. 1).F
32、IG. 1 PVC Liner AssemblyF2985 1426.2.2 Alignment AdjustmentsThe PVC liner shall beshimmed both horizontally and vertically to follow the align-ment or alignment corrections shown on the plans. The linershall be capable of negotiating horizontal radii of curvature of26.2 ft (8 m) or greater; and disc
33、rete deflections of up to3-degrees shall be accommodated by manufactured bends.Vertical offsets shall be accommodated by under sizing of thering.6.2.3 GroutingOnce the PVC liner is in place, the ends ofthe pipe at the manhole shall be sealed by dry-packing with arapid-setting mortar. A vent tube sha
34、ll be placed in this mortardam. Grouting inlet points shall be drilled periodically alongthe crown of the PVC liner to the dimensions given by thepanel system manufacturer. In addition to the grouting inletsalong the crown, the contractor may also choose to placeadditional inlets at the springline o
35、r to use the openings at thepanel connection points if the segmental panel system is soequipped. The liner shall then be braced as recommended bythe manufacturer, both horizontally and vertically, to ensurethat the shape of the liner does not become distorted by theplacement of the grout flowing int
36、o the annular space. Thegrouting process shall proceed (see Fig. 2) in lifts allowingsufficient time between placing of the subsequent lifts to allowthe previously deposited grout to fully set (time to initial setwhich typically is 3-4 h). The height of each planned lift shallbe a part of the grouti
37、ng plan prepared by the liner materialsupplier for the installer. Once the grout level has passed theheight of a grout injection point, a plastic plug shall be placedin the opening. There shall be no leakage of the grout at any ofthe joints of the liner.6.2.4 The grout placement process shall be suc
38、h that essen-tially 100 % of the annulus is filled. The translucent propertyspecified for the panel system shall be used to confirm that allof the nnular space has been filled. Any visible or otherwisedetected void areas shall be filled by point grouting.6.2.5 Service ConnectionsService connections
39、should becut into the PVC liner as it is being installed, leaving the lateralflow unobstructed by the lining. The connection material shallbe installed in such a way as to make the penetration watertight at the new liner wall and to prevent the cementitious groutfrom entering the lateral during the
40、grouting process.7. Inspection and Acceptance7.1 The plastic segmental panel pieces should be inspectedfor damage immediately prior to their assembly. Damage thatis deemed cause for rejection will consist of: (1) abrasions,cuts, or gouges to the wall surface extending deeper than 10 %of the wall sur
41、face thickness, (2) broken areas to the tongueand groove mating surfaces that will prevent the properencapsulation of the sealant material, and (3) broken ribs on theback side of the wall surface that will prevent the properinstallation of the panel assembly bolts.7.2 The installation shall be inspe
42、cted by CCTV or visually,if appropriate. The PVC liner shall be continuous over theentire length of the installation. Variations from true line andgrade may be inherent because of the conditions of the existingpipeline; however, the installation shall follow the horizontaland vertical alignment show
43、n on the plans as much as ispractical by the variable height of the shims used to hold theliner in place for grouting. No infiltration of groundwaterthrough the PVC liner shall be observed. All service entrancesshall be accounted for and unobstructed.7.3 Compressive Strength Testing of the GroutIf r
44、equiredby the buyer or designated in the contract documents, samplesfrom the mixed grout being injected into the annulus shall becollected and tested for compressive strength in accordancewith Test Method C109/C109M. Samples shall be taken at asufficient frequency to verify that the delivered compre
45、ssivestrength values meet or exceed those stated in the projectspecifications for each reach of pipeline being rehabilitated.8. Design Considerations8.1 The design of the grouted PVC liner system is a functionof the condition of the existing pipeline-soil structure interac-tion system. The installat
46、ions engineer of record shall makethe necessary investigations to satisfy him or herself of the insitu loading requirements of the finished PVC liner/grout/hostpipe/soil structure interaction system. The role of the PVC linermaterial is to provide a water-tight, corrosion-resistant barrierfor the gr
47、out and host pipe. By virtue of the ring connectingrods being placed at approximately 6.2 in. (157.5 mm) oncenter around the periphery of the liner, the anchoring of theliner to the grout is assured; thus, it is the grouts strength andthickness that is designed to work in concert with the host pipea
48、nd embedment soil in taking any additional loading thatcomes on the new composite structure after the lining has beeninstalled.9. Keywords9.1 compressive strength; grouting inlet points; groutedPVC liner system; PVC segmental panelFIG. 2 Grouting Liner in LiftsF2985 143ASTM International takes no po
49、sition respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional sta
