1、Designation: F3001 14Standard Specification forAdditive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 VanadiumELI (Extra Low Interstitial) with Powder Bed Fusion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers additively manufacturedtitanium-6aluminum-4vanadium
3、with extra low interstitials(Ti-6Al-4V ELI) components using full-melt powder bedfusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. Thecomponents produced by these processes are used typically inapplications that require mechanical properties similar tomachined forgings and wrought products. Co
4、mponents manu-factured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, postprocessed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge ma-chining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desiredsurface finish and critical dimensions.1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasersor p
5、roducers or both of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4VELI components for defining the requirements and ensuringcomponent properties.1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis forobtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptancerequirements established and revised by consensus
6、 of themembers of the committee.1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may bemet by the addition to the purchase order of one or moresupplementary requirements, which may include, but are notlimited to, those listed in S1-S4 and S1-S16 in SpecificationF2924.1.5 The values stated in SI units
7、 are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B214 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal PowdersB243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB600 Guide for Descaling and Cleaning Titanium and Tita-nium Alloy SurfacesB7
8、69 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum AlloysD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Mate-rials at Room TemperatureE11 Specificati
9、on for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE238 Test Method for Pin-Type Bearing Test of MetallicMaterialsE407 Practice for Microetching Metals and AlloysE539 Test Method forAnalysis of TitaniumAl
10、loys by X-RayFluorescence SpectrometryE1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitro-gen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas FusionE1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Tita-nium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion ThermalConductivity/Infrared Detection MethodE1820
11、 Test Method for Measurement of Fracture ToughnessE1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refrac-tory and Reactive Metals and TheirAlloys by CombustionAnalysisE2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and TitaniumAlloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively CoupledPlasma Atomic Emission
12、 Spectrometry (Performance-Based Test Methodology)F136 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial)Alloy for SurgicalImplant Applications (UNS R56401)F2792 Terminology for Additive ManufacturingTechnologies,F2924 Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titaniu
13、m-6Aluminum-4 Vanadium with Powder Bed Fusion2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:252915 Specification for Additive Manufacturing File Format(AMF) Version 1.11This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42 onAdditive Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee
14、F42.05 on Materials and Processes.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F3001-13. DOI:10.1520/F3001-142For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
15、serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States152921 Terminology for Additive ManufacturingCoordina
16、te Systems and Test Methodologies2.3 ASQ Standard:3ASQ C1 Specification of General Requirements for a Qual-ity Program2.4 ISO Standards:4ISO 5832-3 Implants for SurgeryMetallic MaterialsPart3: Wrought Titanium 6-Aluminum 4-Vanadium AlloyThird EditionISO 6892 Metallic MaterialsTensile Testing at Ambi
17、entTemperatureISO 9001 Quality Management SystemRequirementsISO 9044 Industrial Woven Wire Cloth Technical Require-ments and TestingISO 13485 Medical devicesQuality managementsystemsRequirements for regulatory purposes2.5 SAE Standards:5AMS 2249 Chemical Check Analysis Limits Titanium andTitanium Al
18、loysAMS 2801 Heat Treat of Titanium AlloysAMSH81200 Heat Treatment of Titanium and TitaniumAlloysAS1814 Terminology for Titanium MicrostructuresAS9100 Quality SystemsAerospaceModel for QualityAssurance in Design, Development, Production, Installa-tion and Servicing3. Terminology3.1 Terminology relat
19、ing to titanium microstructure inAS1814 shall apply.3.2 Terminology relating to additive manufacturing in Ter-minology F2792 shall apply.3.3 Terminology relating to coordinate systems in Terminol-ogy 52921 shall apply.3.4 Terminology relating to powder metallurgy in Terminol-ogy B243 shall apply.3.5
20、 Terminology relating to powder bed fusion in Specifi-cation F2924 shall apply.4. Classification4.1 Unless otherwise specified herein, all classificationsshall meet the requirements in each section of this standard.4.1.1 Class A components shall be stress relieved or an-nealed per Section 12.4.1.2 C
21、lass B components shall be annealed per Section 12.4.1.3 Class C components shall be hot isostatically pressedper Section 13.4.1.4 Class D components shall be solution heat treated andaged per Section 12.4.1.5 For Class E components all thermal post processingshall be optional.4.1.6 Class F componen
22、ts shall be stress relieved or an-nealed per Section 12.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for components compliant with this specificationshall include the following to describe the requirements ad-equately:5.1.1 This specification designation,5.1.2 Description or part number of product desired,5.1.
23、3 Quantity of product desired,5.1.4 Classification,5.1.5 SI or SAE units,5.1.5.1 DiscussionThe STL file format used by manypowder bed fusion machines does not contain units of mea-surement as metadata. When only STLfiles are provided by thepurchaser, ordering information should specify the units of
24、thecomponent along with the electronic data file. More informa-tion about data files can be found in ISO/ASTM 52915.5.1.6 Dimensions and tolerances (Section 14),5.1.7 Mechanical properties (Section 11),5.1.8 Methods for chemical analysis (Section 9),5.1.9 Sampling methods (S11 in F2924),5.1.10 Post-
25、processing sequence of operations,5.1.11 Thermal processing,5.1.12 Allowable porosity (S8 in F2924),5.1.13 Component marking such as labeling the serial or lotnumber in the CAD file prior to the build cycle, or producttagging,5.1.14 Packaging,5.1.15 Certification,5.1.16 Disposition of rejected mater
26、ial (Section 15), and5.1.17 Supplementary requirements.6. Manufacturing Plan6.1 Class A, B, C, D, and F components manufactured tothis specification shall have a manufacturing plan that includes,but is not limited to, the following:6.1.1 A machine, and manufacturing control system, quali-fication pr
27、ocedure as agreed between component supplier andpurchaser;NOTE 1Qualification procedures typically require qualification buildcycles in which mechanical property test specimens are prepared andmeasured in accordance with Section 11 or other applicable standards.Location, orientation on the build pla
28、tform, number of test specimens foreach machine qualification build cycle, and relationship between speci-men test results and component quality shall be agreed upon betweencomponent supplier and purchaser.6.1.2 Feedstock that meets the requirements of Section 7;6.1.3 The machine identification, inc
29、luding machine soft-ware version, manufacturing control system version (ifautomated), build chamber environment, machineconditioning, and calibration information of the qualifiedmachine;6.1.4 Predetermined process as substantiated by the quali-fication procedure;6.1.5 Safeguards to ensure traceabili
30、ty of the digital files,including design history of the components;3Available from American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 N. Plankinton Ave.,Milwaukee, WI 53203, http:/www.asq.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.a
31、nsi.org.5Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.F3001 1426.1.6 All the steps necessary to start the build process,including build platform selection, machine cleaning, andpowder handling;6.1.7 The requirements for approving machine o
32、perators;6.1.8 Logging of machine build data files, upper and lowerlimits of the parameters affecting component quality and otherprocess validation controls;6.1.9 The number of components per build cycle, theirorientation and location on the build platform, and supportstructures, if required;6.1.10
33、Process steps including, but not limited to, Section 8;6.1.11 Post-processing procedure, including sequence of thepost-processing steps and the specifications for each step;6.1.12 Thermal processing including furnace anneal, hotisostatic pressing, heat treat, and aging; and6.1.13 Inspection requirem
34、ents as agreed between the pur-chaser and component supplier, including any supplementaryrequirements.7. Feedstock7.1 The feedstock for this specification shall be metalpowder, as defined in Terminology B243, that has the powdertype, size distribution, shape, tap density, and flow rateacceptable for
35、 the process as determined by the componentsupplier.7.2 The metal powder shall be free from detrimentalamounts of inclusions and impurities and its chemical compo-sition shall be adequate to yield, after processing, the finalmaterial chemistry listed in Table 1.7.3 Powder blends are allowed unless o
36、therwise specifiedbetween the component supplier and component purchaser, aslong as all powder used to create the powder blend meets therequirements in Table 1 and lot numbers are documented andmaintained.7.4 Used powder is allowed. The proportion of virginpowder to used powder shall be recorded and
37、 reported for eachproduction run. The maximum number of times used powdercan be used as well as the number of times any portion of apowder lot can be processed in the build chamber should beagreed upon between component supplier and purchaser forClass A, B, C, D, and F. There are no limits on the nu
38、mber ofbuild cycles for used powder for Class E components. After abuild cycle, any remaining used powder may be blended withvirgin powder to maintain a powder quantity large enough forthe next build cycle. The chemical composition of usedpowders shall be analyzed regularly, as agreed upon betweenco
39、mponent supplier and purchaser. Powder not conforming toTable 1 or 7.7 shall not be further processed in the machine tomanufacture Class A, B, C, D and F components.7.4.1 All used powder shall be sieved with a sieve having amesh size appropriate for removing any agglomerates orcontaminants from the
40、build cycle.7.5 All powder sieves used to manufacture Class A, B, C, Dand F components shall have a certificate of conformance thatthey were manufactured to ISO 9044 or all powder sievingshall be in conformance with Specification E11.7.6 Sieve analysis of used powder or powder lots duringincoming in
41、spection or in-process inspection shall be made inaccordance with Test Method B214 or as agreed betweencomponent supplier and purchaser.7.7 The maximum percentage of aluminum in Table 1 maybe increased for virgin powder, used powder and powderblends when agreed upon between component supplier andpur
42、chaser. When component supplier and purchaser agree to anincrease in the maximum percentage of aluminum, 9.2 shallapply.7.8 Any powder lot or powder blend containing any usedpowder shall be considered used powder.FIG. 1 Build Platform Coordinates for Test Specimens (for reference only)TABLE 1 Compos
43、itionElement min maxAluminum 5.50 6.50Vanadium 3.50 4.50Iron . 0.25Oxygen . 0.13Carbon . 0.08Nitrogen . 0.05Hydrogen . 0.012Yttrium . 0.005Other elements, each . 0.10Other elements, total . 0.40Titanium remainderF3001 1438. Process8.1 Processing shall be conducted per applicable standardsor as agree
44、d upon between component supplier and purchaseraccording to an approved manufacturing plan as described inSection 6.8.1.1 Test specimens for quality assurance may be requiredto be built and tested in accordance with Section 11 with eachbuild cycle or before and after a production run as agreed uponb
45、etween the component supplier and purchaser.NOTE 2In addition to tension test specimens, fatigue test specimensmay be required by the purchaser to be built with the components at thebeginning and end of each production run. Fatigue testing is described inSupplementary Requirement S6 of F2924.8.2 Per
46、missible parameter, process changes and extent ofexternal intervention during the build cycle shall be identifiedin the manufacturing plan. All process changes shall becontinuously monitored and recorded. When agreed to by thepurchaser, minor changes to the manufacturing plan are per-missible withou
47、t machine re-qualification.8.3 Condition and finish of the components shall be agreedupon between the component supplier and purchaser.8.4 Post-processing operations may be used to achieve thedesired shape, size, surface finish, or other component proper-ties. The post-processing operations shall be
48、 agreed uponbetween the component supplier and purchaser for Class A, B,C, D and F components.9. Chemical Composition9.1 Except for Class E, as built components shall conform tothe percentages by weight shown in Table 1. Carbon shall bedetermined in accordance with Test Method E1941. Hydrogenshall b
49、e determined in accordance with Test Method E1447.Oxygen and nitrogen shall be determined in accordance withTest Method E1409, and other elements in accordance withTest Methods E539 or E2371. Other analytical methods may beused if agreed upon by the component supplier and purchaser.9.2 Chemical check analysis limits shall be in accordancewith AMS 2249 and Table 2. Chemical check analysis toler-ances do not broaden the limits in Table 1, but cover variationsbetween laboratories in the measurement of chemical content.The supplier shall not ship components that are out
