1、Designation: F3059 14Standard Specification forFiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Gratings Used in MarineConstruction and Shipbuilding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3059; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification provides the testing and performancerequirements for fiber-reinforced polymer (F
3、RP) gratings usedin marine construction and shipbuilding as an equivalency tothe specification of steel gratings rated for a maximum load of94 lbf/ft2(4.5 kN/m2).1.2 The purpose of this specification is to ensure that allFRP gratings are designed and tested appropriately to ensurepersonnel safety. I
4、t does not address the ability of the gratingsto support either moving or stationary equipment during orafter a fire exposure.1.3 This specification addresses fire conditions based onTest Methods E119 fire exposure and does not address hydro-carbon pool or jet fire exposures.1.4 This specification i
5、s intended for use by all personsdesigning, manufacturing, testing, inspecting, and maintainingFRP gratings.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only
6、and are not considered standard.1.6 This specification does not constitute regulations or shipclassification rules, which shall be consulted where applicable.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user
7、of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD2047 Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction ofPolis
8、h-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by theJames MachineD4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber AbraserD4329 Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Ap-paratus Exposure of PlasticsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE119
9、Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionand MaterialsE695 Test Method of Measuring Relative Resistance ofWall, Floor, and Roof Construction to Impact Loading2.2 Other Standards:46 CFR 159 ShippingApproval of Equipment and Mate-rials3NVIC 02-06 Follow-Up Programs for Fire-Safety Type-Appr
10、oved Products4NVIC 9-97 Change 1Guide to Structural Fire Protection53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 compression molding, vmanufacturing process in-volving match die molds that compress the fiber reinforcedmatrix, generally under pressure and heat, to produce thefinished product.3.1.2 fiber-reinf
11、orced polymer, FRP, ncomposite materialmade of a resin matrix reinforced with fibers.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe fibers are usually made of glass orcarbon fiber, while the polymer is usually an epoxy, vinyl ester,or polyester thermosetting plastic. The term “polymer” issometimes replaced by “plastic.”3.1.
12、3 fire integrity, nability of a structure to retain func-tionality after a fire.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.03 onOutfitting and Deck Machinery.Current edition approved July 1, 2
13、014. Published August 2014. DOI: 10.1520/F3059-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available
14、from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4Available from United States Coast Guard (USCG), U.S. Coast GuardHeadquarters, 2100 2nd ST SW Stop 7000, Washington, DC, 20593-7000, http:/www.uscg
15、.mil/hq/cg5/cg5214/docs/NVIC02-06.pdf.5Available from United States Coast Guard (USCG), U.S. Coast GuardHeadquarters, 2100 2nd ST SW Stop 7000, Washington, DC, 20593-7000, http:/www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/nvic/pdf/1997/n9-97ch1.pdf.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
16、hohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.3.1 DiscussionFire integrity levels for FRP gratingsare described as (from lowest to highest) Level 3, Level 2, andLevel 1. Level 0 gratings are not qualified for fire integrity.3.1.4 glass-reinforced polymer, GRP, nfiber-reinforcedpolymer made of a resin m
17、atrix reinforced by glass fibers.3.1.5 molded grating, nFRP grating produced by the openmold process in which dry glass fiber and thermoset resin isplaced in the mold in both directions.3.1.5.1 DiscussionAfter filling the mold with the desig-nated amount of material, the resin is allowed to cure in
18、theopen mold. Square mesh molded grating has nearly equalstrength and stiffness in longitudinal and transverse directions.Molded grating is usually manufactured in square mesh orrectangular mesh configurations. See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.3.1.6 open molding, vmanual process involving the com-bination of l
19、iquid resin and fiber reinforcements in an openmold to produce a finished part resembling the inverse of themold.3.1.6.1 DiscussionLiquid resin and continuous fibers aresystematically laid in a moldlayer upon layer manually to adesired thickness and panel dimension.3.1.7 pultruded grating, ngrating
20、produced from an as-sembly of pultruded structural shapes assembled into a gridpattern.3.1.7.1 DiscussionPultruded FRP grating products areassembled from bearing bars and cross rods manufactured fromthe pultrusion process as shown in Fig. 3. Pultruded grating hasmore strength and stiffness in the di
21、rection of the bearing bars.3.1.8 pultrusion, nmanufacturing process to form continu-ous lengths of reinforced polymer structural shapes.3.1.9 qualified span, nFRP grating span used duringpreload and post load fire tests minimum 44 in. (112 cm).3.1.10 surface flame spread, npropagation of a flameawa
22、y from the source of ignition across the surface of thespecimen.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 shall, vin this specification, indicates a mandatoryrequirement.3.2.2 should, nin this specification, indicates a recom-mended requirement.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 AFFFAqueous film
23、-forming foam3.3.2 AHJAuthority having jurisdiction3.3.3 ASTMAmerican Society for Testing and Materials3.3.4 L1Level 1 fire integrity grating3.3.5 L2Level 2 fire integrity grating3.3.6 L3Level 3 fire integrity grating3.3.7 L0Flame spread only3.3.8 MODUMobile offshore drilling unit3.3.9 NVICNavigatio
24、n and Vessel Inspection Circular3.3.10 USCGU.S. Coast Guard3.3.11 UVUltraviolet4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification is for FRP gratings used in machineryspaces, cargo areas, and on-deck areas but not withinaccommodation, service, control spaces, and areas wheresmoke and toxicity is a concer
25、n. The test requirements andcriteria for FRP gratings have been developed based on theexpected environmental conditions, intended use, and firehazard the gratings could be exposed to in conjunction withrequirements for means of escape and fire brigade access to thearea where the FRP gratings will be
26、 located. The structural fireintegrity test requirements have been developed based oncomparative testing with steel gratings rated for maximum loadof 94 lbf/ft2(4.5 kN/m2). The structural fire integrity require-ments for the specific locations are summarized in Table 1. Thefire test requirements inc
27、lude surface flammability testing andstructural fire integrity testing with three levels of structural fireintegrity that may be achieved as follows:FIG. 1 Square Mesh Molded GratingF3059 1424.1.1 Level 1 (L1)FRP gratings meeting the L1 perfor-mance criteria provide the highest degree of safety and
28、areintended for use in escape routes or areas in which access forfirefighting, emergency operation, or rescue is needed after asignificant fire exposure that may weaken the gratings. Level 1gratings may also be used in any areas requiring Levels 2 or 3gratings.4.1.2 Level 2 (L2)FRP gratings meeting
29、the L2 perfor-mance criteria are intended for use in areas in which personnelmay need to assemble after the grating has been exposed to afire and are tested to ensure that they will be able to sustain apost-fire structural loading. Areas in which L2 gratings arespecified include temporary safe refug
30、e or lifeboat embarkationstations. Level 2 gratings may also be used in any areasrequiring Level 3 gratings.4.1.3 Level 3 (L3)FRP gratings meeting the L3 perfor-mance criteria are intended for use in areas used as egressroutes or that may require access for firefighting, emergencyoperations, or resc
31、ue during or shortly after exposure to a verylimited fire not likely involving flammable liquids.4.1.4 Level 0 (L0)FRP gratings tested to Test Method E84with a flame spread index 20 and a smoke developed index of450. L0 FRP gratings have no level of fire integrity. L0gratings are used for personnel
32、walkways, catwalks, ladders,platforms, or access areas in cargo holds and tanks.FIG. 2 Rectangular Mesh Molded GratingFIG. 3 Pultruded GratingF3059 1434.2 These test methods in this specification do not providethe following:4.2.1 Full information as to the performance of the FRPgrating with material
33、s, construction, dimensions, coatings, andso forth, other than tested.4.3 In these test methods, the test specimens are subjected toone or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. Whendifferent test conditions are substituted or the end-use condi-tions are changed, it is not always possible
34、by, or from, thesetest methods to predict changes to the characteristics measured.Therefore, the results of these laboratory tests are valid only forthe test conditions described in these test methods.4.4 The fire-resistance test methods specified herein requiretest specimens to be exposed to a stan
35、dard fire that is controlledto achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified timeperiod or heat exposure. These are followed by the applicationof specified loads. These test methods provide a relativemeasure of performance under the specified test conditions.The fire exposure is not represen
36、tative of all fire conditions.Variation from the test conditions or test specimenconstruction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, andso forth, may affect the fire-test response. For these reasons,evaluation of such variations may be required for application toconstruction in the field. How
37、ever, variations in the requiredtest exposure conditions are considered outside the scope ofthis specification.5. Sampling5.1 Sampling methods shall be as required to providereasonable assurance that the test samples are truly represen-tative of the standard manufactured product. When required,test
38、specimens of products shall be sampled at the manufac-turing facility by personnel representing an accredited testinglaboratory, accredited inspection agency, or accredited certifi-cation agency. Sampling at a warehouse or distribution centerin lieu of sampling at the manufacturing facility is permi
39、ttedprovided the testing laboratory, inspection agency, or certifi-cation agency samples the materials and correlates the sampledmaterials with the finished product specification. The testspecimens shall be representative of the FRP gratings to bequalified including materials, construction, profile,
40、 dimensions,coatings, and so forth.6. Number of Tests and Retests6.1 GeneralThe number of tests are as described in thetest requirements portion of this specification. If significantchanges occur to the manufacturing process or material speci-fications that may affect the physical properties or syst
41、emqualification requirements, qualification tests related to thesignificant change shall be required.TEST REQUIREMENTS7. Summary7.1 The following test requirements shall be met: deflectionlimits, assembled grating ultimate failure, wheel loading,assembled panel impact resistance, skid resistance, du
42、rability,ultraviolet (UV) resistance, salt spray, surface flammability,and structural fire integrity. Testing shall be conducted by alaboratory acceptable to the AHJ.TABLE 1 Structural Fire Integrity RequirementsLocation ServiceStructuralFireIntegrityMachineryspacesWalkways or areas which may be use
43、dfor escape, or access for firefighting,emergency operation, or rescueL1APersonnel walkways, catwalks, ladders,platforms, or access areas other thanthose described aboveL3Cargo pumproomsAll personnel walkways, catwalks,ladders, platforms, or access areasL1Cargo holds Walkways or areas which may be u
44、sedfor escape, or access for firefighting,emergency operation, or rescueL1Personnel walkways, catwalks, ladders,platforms, or access areas other thanthose described aboveL0Cargo tanks All personnel walkways, catwalks,ladders, platforms, or access areasL0Fuel oil tanks All personnel walkways, catwalk
45、s,ladders, platforms, or access areasL0Ballast watertanksAll personnel walkways, catwalks,ladders, platforms, or access areasL0Cofferdams, voidspaces, doublebottoms, pipetunnels, and soforthAll personnel walkways, catwalks,ladders, platforms, or access areasL0Accommodation,service, andcontrol spaces
46、All personnel walkways, catwalks,ladders, platforms, or access areas Not permittedLifeboatembarkation ortemporary saferefuge stationsin open deckareasAll personnel walkways, catwalks,ladders, platforms, or access areasL2Open decks orsemi-enclosedareasOperational areas and access routes fordeck foam
47、firefighting systems on tankvesselsL2Walkways or areas that may be used forescape, or access for firefighting systemsand AFFF hose reels, emergencyoperation, or rescue on MODUs andproduction platforms including safeaccess to tanker bowsL2Walkways or areas that may be used forescape or access for fir
48、efighting systems,emergency operation, or rescue otherthan those described aboveL3Personnel walkways, catwalks, ladders,platforms, or access areas other thanthose described aboveL3AIf the machinery space does not contain any internal combustion machinery,other oil burning, oil heating, or oil pumpin
49、g units, fuel oil filling stations, or otherpotential hydrocarbon fire sources and has not more than 5.5 lb/ft2(2.5 kg/m2)ofcombustible storage, gratings of L3 structural fire integrity may be used in lieu ofL1.F3059 1448. Deflection Limits (Application, Not Fire)8.1 The grating panel shall meet the following load deflec-tion limits:8.1.1 The specified performance requirements for each plat-form area shall include the qualified span (L), the uniform load(U), or the concentrated load (C), or combination thereof.8.1.2 The minimum uniform d
