1、Designation: F3080 14Standard Practice forLaser Technologies for Measurement of Cross-SectionalShape of Pipeline and Conduit by Non-Rotating LaserProjector and CCTV Camera System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3080; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、 year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedure for the measurem
3、entto determine any deviation of the internal surface of installedpipe compared to the design. The measurements may be usedto verify that the installation has met design requirements foracceptance or to collect data that will facilitate an assessmentof the condition of pipe or conduit due to structu
4、ral deviationsor deterioration.1.2 This practice applies to all types of pipe material, alltypes of construction, and pipe shapes.1.3 This practice applies to depressurized and gravity flowstorm sewers, drains, sanitary sewers, and combined sewerswith diameters from 6 to 72 in. (150 and 1800 mm). Th
5、e pipeshall be precleaned and free of debris that would prevent theCCTV camera and laser projector assembly, shown in Fig. 1,from moving through the pipe, or adversely affect the accuracyof the survey. Flow or debris, within the line, shall be less than10 % of the nominal pipe diameter or 6 in. in d
6、epth whicheveris the lesser.1.4 The laser light projector shall be tested, labeled andcertified to conform to US requirements for CDRH Class 2 orbelow (not considered to be hazardous) laser products orcertified to conform to EU requirements for Class 2M or belowlaser products as per IEC 60825-1, or
7、both.1.5 The profiling process may require physical access tolines, entry manholes and operations along roadways that mayinclude safety hazards.1.6 This standard does not include all aspects of pipeinspection; for example the following are not covered by thisstandard: joint gaps, soil/water infiltra
8、tion in joints, cracks,holes, surface damage, repairs, corrosion, and structural prob-lems associated with these.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand
9、are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
10、prior to use. There are no safetyhazards specifically, however, associated with the use of thelaser ring profiler specified (listed and labeled as specified in1.3).2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Co
11、nducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF1216 Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines andConduits by the Inversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnated Tube2.2 Other Standards:IEC 60825-1 Safety of Laser Products Part 1: EquipmentClassification and Requirem
12、ents, Jan 2011.3CDRH Regulations CFR 21, Section I, Subchapter J, Parts1002 to 1040.1143. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 authority, nparty responsible for the generation andverification of performance to job specification(s) and contractrequirements.1This test me
13、thod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 onTechnology and Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee F36.20 on Inspection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014. Published August 2014. DOI: 10.1520/F308014.2Fo
14、r referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC),
15、 3, rue deVaremb, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.4Available from Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), Food andDrug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, WO66-4621, Silver Spring,MD 20993, http:/www.fda.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
16、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 barrel distortiondistortion of an image produced byan optical system that causes straight lines at image margins tobulge outwards.3.1.3 barrel distortion correction confirmation targetanX-Y axis grid patterned for the post
17、 processing verification of“fisheye distortion” lens correction within the processingsoftware.3.1.4 CCTV, na closed circuit pipeline and conduit inspec-tion television system including an NTSC or PAL camera,camera transporter, integrated lighting, central control system,video monitor and recording d
18、evice.3.1.5 CCTV camera transporterthe device that providesmobility for the CCTV camera to move transverse to the pipealignment once it enters the inside of the pipe throughmanholes and/or other line access openings.3.1.6 CCTV pipeline and conduit inspection systemCCTVinspection system is composed o
19、f CCTV camera, transporter,controller and video recording unit.3.1.7 computer, nan electronic machine that performsrapid, complex calculations, correlates the processed data,generates imaging and corresponding alpha numeric informa-tion.3.1.8 curvaturethe reciprocal of the radius of the innersurface
20、 at a location along the perimeter of the noncircularshaped pipe, culvert or conduit.3.1.9 deflectionshape change or reduction in diameter of aconduit produced without fracturing the material.3.1.10 deformto change the shape of an object so that it nolonger has its original or normal shape.3.1.11 de
21、viationa condition that is different from what isexpected or specified.3.1.12 laser, na solid state device that produces a mono-chromatic and coherent beam of visible light in an intense,narrow 360 degree beam.3.1.13 laser profilethe spatial intensity profile of a laserbeam at a particular plane tha
22、t is perpendicular to the trajectoryof the laser device along the axis of the pipe.3.1.14 laser profiling equipmentequipment used in per-forming a laser profiling observation.3.1.15 laser profiling surveya survey composed of takingmeasurements of the cross sectional shape of the pipe at a rategreate
23、r than 24 images per second along its alignment, pro-cessing the recorded data using compatible software andproducing a condition assessment report, including deviation,using laser profiling technology.3.1.16 laser projector assemblya 360 degree laser lightprojector assembly composed of two primary
24、components:laser signal modulation unit.3.1.17 MTFB, nMean Time Between Failures.3.1.18 NASSCONational Association of Sewer ServiceCompanies.3.1.19 non-rotating laser projector, na mobile, certified“eye safe” laser light source and internal optics capable ofprojecting a 360 degree narrow beam of las
25、er light onto aninternal pipe wall in pipes from 6 to 72 in. (150 to 1800 mm)in diameter regardless of material, design, or shape.3.1.20 NTSCNational Television Systems CommitteeResponsible for setting television and video standards in theUnited States. Defines a composite video signal as 60 halffra
26、mes (fields) per second, 30 frames per second. Each framecontains 525 lines.3.1.21 ovality, npercentage of shape deflection in circularand noncircular pipes as calculated per Practice F1216 asdefined in Annex A1.3.1.22 PALPhase Alternating LineA color encodingsystem for analog television not used in
27、 North Americacontaining 25 half frames, 50 frames per second. Each framecontains 625 lines.3.1.23 processing or measurement software, na softwarefor processing the recorded CCTV images of a projected laserlight line on the internal surfaces of a pipe while movingthrough the line at a speed not to e
28、xceed 30 ft/min (9 m/min)and generating specified reports.3.1.24 profiling softwarethe software that analyzes thecollected data from a laser profiling survey into cross sectionalprofiles along the pipe of conduit alignment.3.1.25 survey calibratora calibrated measurement refer-ence placed and record
29、ed on the same plane and distance fromthe CCTV camera as the projected laser light ring during theprofiling survey.4. Significance and Use4.1 Operational experience and independent testing havefully documented that the usable life, maintenance and failureand mean time between failures (MTBF) in buri
30、ed storm andwastewater lines can be directly affected by the defects duringmanufacturing, incorrect pipe storage, and improperinstallation, including improper compaction often resulting inthe deformation (Ovality or shape, or both) and physicaldamage in newly installed, repaired and replaced pipelin
31、es.Laser profiling assessment is an effective quality control toolFIG. 1 CCTVLaser Profiler AssemblyF3080 142for identifying and quantifying deformation, physical damage,and other pipe anomalies after installation, providing valuablemeans and methods for determining the quality of workman-ship and c
32、ompliance with project specifications. Laser profilingcan be used for:4.1.1 Measurement of the structural shape, cross sectionalarea and defects;4.1.2 Collection of data needed for better pipe rehabilitationor replacement design; and4.1.3 Post rehabilitation, replacement or new constructionworkmansh
33、ip verification.4.2 This standard practice provides minimum requirementson means and methods for laser profiling to meet the needs ofengineers, contractors, owners, regulatory agencies and financ-ing institutions.4.3 A laser profile pre-acceptance and condition assessmentsurvey shall provide signifi
34、cant information in a clear andconcise manner, including but not limited to graphs and stillframe digital images of pipe condition prior to acceptance,thereby providing objective data on the installed quality andpercentage ovality, deformation, deflection or deviation, that isoften not possible from
35、 an inspection by either a mandrel orCCTV only survey.4.4 This practice applies to gravity flow or depressurizedlinesstorm sewers, sanitary sewers, combined sewers,siphons, edge drains, highway drains, and culverts, and to allother pipelines, ducts and conduits that are made accessibleand meet the r
36、equirements of 1.3, regardless of shape, design,configuration or material (smooth or corrugated). The line shallbe free of excess debris and obstructions with a maximum flowlevel or stagnant water, during laser profiling, not to exceed10 % of nominal pipe diameter or 6 in. in depth, whichever isthe
37、lesser.5. Accuracy and Precision5.1 The accuracy of a measurement system is the degree ofcloseness of measurements of a quantity to that quantitysactual (true) value. The laser light projector system, with theprofiling software, shall be tested and approved by an indepen-dent testing agency, and sha
38、ll include a “Certificate of Accu-racy” equal to or better than 0.5 % of the lower nominal crosssectional dimension. The precision of a measurement system,also called reproducibility or repeatability, is the degree towhich repeated measurements under unchanged conditionsshow the same results. A meas
39、urement system can be accuratebut not precise, precise but not accurate, neither, or both. Forexample, if the data collection method is affected by asystematic error, increasing the number of times the instrumentis run through the pipe, increases precision but does notimprove accuracy. The result wo
40、uld be consistent yet inaccu-rate results from the flawed method. Eliminating the systematicerror improves accuracy but does not change precision.5.2 The testing of the independent testing agency shall be toa traceable standard of the National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST), or equivale
41、nt. A minimum of five mea-surements shall be taken and shall result in a standard deviationof 2 (94.7 %) for precision (repeatability) or better. Theindependent testing agency shall have met a minimum level ofproficiency in testing and professional standards for a labora-tory to certify the accuracy
42、 of the equipment.5.3 The longitudinal position of the pipe is measured by adevice in contact with the connection cable, positioning cableor rope. The longitudinal location shall be measured to withinan accuracy of 2 %; in addition, a tolerance of 2 ft (0.6 m) forthe insertion and exit distance betw
43、een the CCTV and the laserprojection unit shall be allowed in the data and the reports.5.3.1 Accuracy is independent of pipe size provided thefollowing conditions are met:5.3.1.1 The CCTV camera is looking directly down the pipe(home position) for both profile inspection, and again duringcalibration
44、.5.3.1.2 The laser ring can be seen by the camera clearlythrough 360 degrees. The laser line is crisp and clear, not fatand fuzzythe laser heads are tailored to suit the camera andpipe size/material.5.3.1.3 The laser is projected perpendicular to the pipe wallso that the profile is an accurate repre
45、sentation of the pipeshape.5.3.1.4 The snapon and skid systems are all designed toprovide a perfect pipe profile, regardless of pipe size.5.3.1.5 The camera and laser are optimal in the center;nevertheless, when the above are followed, satisfactory profil-ing is achievable.5.3.1.6 If the camera cann
46、ot be centered, the laser system isadjusted further away from the camera.5.3.1.7 The central position of laser system is not ofsignificance; the strength and the orientation of the light on thepipe wall, however, are more significant.6. Contract Responsibilities6.1 Apart from the provisions generall
47、y included in a testingand certification contract, the laser profiling survey contractshall define and assign responsibilities for the following items:6.1.1 Access to the survey site to be provided to the extentthat the contracting authority can provide such access.6.1.2 The utility owner shall ensu
48、re that all lines to beprofiled and free of debris, obstructions and cleaned within 24h prior to the profiling inspection and survey. If the pipecondition is the cause for unacceptable results then the rein-spection shall be borne by the client of the inspection provider.Standing or flowing water or
49、 debris shall not exceed 10 % ofthe nominal pipe diameter, or 6 in. in depth, whichever is thelesser.7. Pipeline and Conduit Laser Profiling-Principle ofOperation7.1 Laser profiling is a non-contact inspection method usedto create a pipe wall profile and internal measurement using astandard CCTV pipe inspection system, 360 degree laser lightprojector and special geometrical profiling software. The pipeneed not be dry or free of debris for accurate results due to theprocessing softwares ability to mask such anomalies prior toprocessing.Aremote co
